Iphayiphu yegesi eya eCrimea. "I-Krasnodar Krai - eCrimea" - ipayipi enkulu yegesi enobude obungamakhilomitha angu-400

Iphesheni eliyinhloko yegesi "iKrasnodar Krai - eCrimea" yaqala ukusebenza ngoDisemba 2016 ukuletha uphethiloli ezitshalweni ezinkulu zamandla esifundazweni ezisemadolobheni aseSimferopol naseSevastopol. Iphayipu yegesi yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okunokwethenjelwa nokusimama kwenqubo yezokuthutha kwegesi esifundazweni saseCrimea, okudinga ukwakhiwa okuphawulekayo ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwegesi okuphansi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezikhungo ezingasebenzi.

Okudingekayo ekwakhiweni kwepayipi legesi

Ngo-ekwindla ka-2015, inkinga enkulu yokwehluleka kukagesi yavela ngaphambi kwabakhileyo eCrimea, njengoba izishoshovu zase-Ukraine-Tatar zashaya imigqa eminingana yokudlulisa amandla egijima esiqhingini. Kuphela ngenxa yezulu elihle kanye nokwakhiwa kwebhuloho lamandla angaphansi kwamanzi eCrimea kusukela enhlonhlweni yaseBuban, izinkinga eziningi zagwetshwa. Isimo esicindezelayo esasisuka esimisweni sokuhamba kwegesi.

ICrimea ngesikhathi sokubambisana eRussia ikhiphe cishe amamitha ayizigidi ezimbili zamamitha ayizigidi ngonyaka. M wegesi nokusetshenziswa kwamakhaya ayizigidi ezingu-1.6 billion cubic meters. M. Uma uhlola le data, khona-ke e-peninsula kwakungekho izinkinga ezibonakalayo.

Nokho, imboni yegesi eCrimea inezici eziningana. Ikakhulukazi, iCrimea ibonakala ngokungalingani kwegesi, okungukuthi, ehlobo, ukusetshenziswa kungaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili zamamitha ayizigidi ngosuku. M, nangenkathi yokushisa - 10-13 million cubic metres. M. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwegesi kule peninsula kwanda ngenxa yezinkinga kagesi.

Ngokuqondene nokukhiqizwa kwegesi, akukwazi ukuguqulwa ngokuphawulekayo: ukunciphisa noma, ngokunye, ukwandisa kuye ngenkathi nezidingo zensimu. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igesi yanele ngokwanele ngesikhathi sasebusika, kukhona indawo yokugcina igesi eGlebovskoye eCrimea, umthamo osebenzayo oyi-1 billion cubic meters. M. Kodwa manje ayisetshenzisiwe ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwegesi kuyadingeka ukuba uqhube uphinde usebenzise imishini yokusiza. Njengamanje, inani legesi elikhiqizwa eshalofini liyawa. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nonyaka ka-2014-2015. Kwawela ku-1.8 billion cubic meters. M.

Enye i-nuance ebalulekile: ukuhlala nezinkinga ze-shelf ze-Ukraine. Insimu yegesi enamandla kunawo wonke futhi ethembisayo eshalofini lolwandle ngu-Odessa. Itholakala ogwini lwase-Odessa eliseduze kakhulu kunenhlonipho yaseCrimea, okusho ukuthi i-Ukraine inamalungelo amaningi kuwo. Le nsimu yaqala ukusebenza ngokushesha ngaphambi kwegatsha laseCrimea, futhi ngaphandle kwemithombo yayo, lesi siqhingi singase sibe nzima ukubhekana nenkinga yegesi, ngoba unikeza cishe amaphesenti angu-60 azo zonke izakhi ezikhiqizwa igesi eCrimea.

Lezi zizathu zenze isidingo sokubuyekeza isikhathi kanye nezinhlelo zokwakhiwa kwephayiphi yegesi, ngoba ekuqaleni kwakuhlelwe ukugcwalisa iphayiphi yegesi eCrimea ngasekupheleni kuka-2017, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamagesi amabili anamandla kagesi aseSastopol naseSimferopol.

Ukubaluleka kwepayipi legesi eCrimea

Ukwakhiwa kwepayipi legesi eCrimea kuyisidingo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukunikezwa kwegesi yesifundazwe, ikakhulukazi, izindawo zayo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu - Sevastopol ne Kerch. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukuthembeka kwesistimu yezokuthutha kweGrimeli. Umsebenzi omkhulu wokwakha ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamandla eCrimea.

Ukwehla kweCrimea kuyoba okubaluleke kakhulu emnothweni weKuban. Ukwakhiwa kwepayipi yegesi kuzoletha imali eyengeziwe kwibhajethi ye-Krasnodar Territory, futhi izosiza ekunciphiseni izinga lokungasebenzi. Ukukhula kwemali yentela endaweni yokuqala kuyokwenziwa ngenxa yentela yengqalasizinda yengcebo. Kwakukhona izingxabano eziningi mayelana nendawo engokwemvelo yephrojekthi, okungukuthi, ngabe ukwakhiwa kwepayipi kungabangela ukulimala kwemvelo yaseLake Tuzla neKerch Strait, kodwa ochwepheshe bathi akufanele kube nemiphumela emibi yemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa kwephayiphi yegesi kuyokwandisa isifunda saseKrasnodar kubalimi. Ukugcwaliswa kwesabelomali sesifunda kuzophinde kube lula ngemali yokuhamba.

Iphesheni legesi leKrasnodar Region-Crimea: izici eziyinhloko

Yilezi:

• Izinga lomthwalo wemfanelo 1A;
• Ukuvikelwa emisebenzini yokuzamazama komhlaba 7-9 amaphuzu;
• Ukuphila okungenani okungenani iminyaka engu-50;
• Kungenzeka ukufaka - ukufika ku-4 billion cubic metres. M / ngonyaka;
• Ingcindezi enkulu i-75 kgf;
• Ububanzi bamapayipi ngu-500-700 mm.

Izici zephrojekthi

Iphayiphi yegesi eyinhloko yenzelwe ukuhlinzeka ngegesi kumagesi amabili aseCrimea ashisa amandla angama-380 MW. Lokhu kuzokwenzela ngokugcwele isidingo sehlonhlo ku-ugesi.

Iphayiphi yegesi eya eCrimea iyagijima isuka esiteshini "Yuzhnaya" ngaphansi kwe Kerch Strait kuqala ukuya eSimferopol, bese kuSevastopol. Iphayipu yegesi ihamba ngezindawo ezahlukene, ngakho-ke amapayipi edayamitha ahlukahlukene ayadingeka ekwakhiweni kwawo.

Iphayiphu yegesi ihlanganisa indawo engaphansi komhlaba kanye namanzi angaphansi kwamanzi. Iphayipu yegesi yenzelwe ukucabangela iphuzu elibalulekile elilodwa - ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa emisebenzini yokuzamazama komhlaba kumaphuzu angu-7-9.

Umsebenzi wokwakha nokuhlola (R & D) wokufakwa kwephayiphi yegesi yenziwa yiCrimean Institute "Shelf". Ukwakhiwa kwepayipi yegesi kwakudingeka izimali ezinkulu zemali. Inani lalingu-149.833 million rubles.

Ukufakwa kwephayiphi yegesi

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokwakha wawuphathwe ochwepheshe benkampani ethi "Stroygazmontazh". Futhi, izinkampani zaseCrimea zazibandakanyeka emsebenzini kulo msebenzi.

Iphayipu legesi, elide elingamakhilomitha angu-400, lakhiwe ngezigaba ezintathu:

• Isigaba sezwe esingu-1.2 km ubude, sidabula ensimini yeSenhlonula yaseTaman;
• Isigaba esidabula nge-Kerch Strait, amagatsha amabili anebude obuyi-16 km: okuyinhloko nokugcina;
• Isigaba somhlaba, cishe ubude obuyi-20.4 km, egijima ensimini ye-Penchula yaseKherch.

Ukwakhiwa kwepayipi legesi

Ukwakhiwa kwepayipi legesi kwenziwa ngethingo esheshayo. Ngo-Okthoba 1, 2015, kuthengwa amapayipi angu-200, kanti entwasahlobo ka-2016 umgwaqo wegesi eCrimea wawulungele u-30%.

Ngo-Mashi 2016, ukuvunyelwa kwayo yonke imibhalo edingekayo yephrojekthi yi-Glavgosexpertiza yeRussia Federation kwi-Kuban-Krym site yaqedwa, futhi ngo-Meyi eCrimean ingxenye yepayipi legesi.

Ngo-September 2016, umsebenzi usuvele usuwenziwe ngo-90%. NgoNovemba 2016, iCrimea yaphinde yaqala ukunikezwa kwegesi ku-Genichesk yase-Ukraine, okwamanje sonke esathola ukulahlekelwa kwegesi. Njengoba ukwakhiwa komgwaqo wegesi sekuphelile, kunqunywe ukuba kuqhutshekwe kabusha izimpahla.

Ukuphothulwa kokwakhiwa nokuthunyelwa kwephayiphi yegesi ephothuliwe kwenzeka ngoDisemba 27, 2016.

Ukuxhaswa kwephrojekthi

Iphrojekthi yokwakhiwa kwephayiphi yegesi yayisixhaswa ngezimali zesabelomali seRussian Federation. Ukuqaliswa kudingeke ukuba kutholakale ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-20, eziyi-ruble eziyizigidi ezingu-14. Kwakuqondiswa ekuthengeni izinto ezidingekayo ekwakhiweni nasekufakweni kwepayipi legesi.

Isikhathi

Okokuqala, ukuphela kokwakhiwa kwepayipi legesi kusukela eKuban kuya eCrimea kwahlelwa ngoDisemba 2017. Kodwa ngenxa yokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwegesi eCrimea nokukhushulwa okwedlulele kokusetshenziswa kwayo, isikhathi sesishintshiwe. Iphayiphi yegesi yaqala ukusebenza ngonyaka odlule.

Ukuvulwa kwepayipi legesi

Iphayiphi yegesi eya eCrimea evela eRussia yaqedwa kahle ngaphambi kwesimiso. NgoDisemba 27, 2016, uMongameli waseRussia uVladimir Putin wamvuthela igesi.

Ubude obuphelele buyi-358.7 km. Kuphelele, ukufakwa kwepayipi legesi kwenziwa ngabantu abangu-1 200, amayunithi angama-460 wobunjiniyela kanye nemikhumbi engu-40.

Amalungiselelo engeziwe

Ngesisekelo sephayiphi entsha yegesi kuhlelwe ukwakha iziteshi ezimbili zamandla ezizohlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zeCrimea ngogesi. Ukuqedwa kokwakhiwa kwezitshalo zamandla kuhlelelwe ngo-2018.

Imikhakha yamandla iphinde ihlele ukwakha kabusha nokuvuselela amakhemikhali kagesi amadala ngobude obunamaphesenti angama-70, kanye namamitha angu-2500 emipayipi yegesi yamaCrimea ephakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eCrimea zizokwengeza iziteshi eziyisishiyagalombili zokudonsa igesi.

Ngakho, ukwakhiwa kwephayiphu yegesi eCrimea kwakuyimfuneko eyinhloso. Isistimu yokuthutha i-gas yenhlonipho yayisesimweni esibucayi, ngoba ebusika ka-2016 inhlonipho ayikwazanga ukuhlinzeka abathengi bayo ngegesi ngokwanele ngokwanele. Ukunciphisa inani legesi elikhishwe elwandle, kanye nokwandiswa kokudla esiqhingini, kwaholela ekudingeni ukusheshisa isikhathi sokwakhiwa. Ngenxa yalokho, umbhobho wegesi waqala ukusebenza ngonyaka odlule - ngoDisemba 2016. Ukusheshisa kokwakhiwa kwephayiphi yegesi kuvunyelwe ukususa imingcele yezitshalo zamandla ezishisayo esifundazweni futhi baphinde badluliselwa kusuka emafutheni okushisa oshisayo.

Iphayipu yegesi eya eCrimea izokhuthaza ukuhlangana okusondelene nakakhulu kwe-peninsula nezwe eliseningizimu yeRussia. Ukuthunyelwa kwephrojekthi, kucatshangelwa ukuncishiswa kwezinqolobane zokugcinwa kwegesi eGlebovskoye nokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwayo, kuzothengeza cishe izigidi ezingu-13 zamamitha ayizigidi zamamitha. M wegesi ngosuku. Lokhu kufanele kube ngokwanele ngisho noma izinyanga zasebusika zibanda kakhulu. Kodwa namanje ngezinga elincane lokuphepha. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kokubikezela kwezitshalo ezintsha zamandla kagesi ezishisayo zalesi sivunguvungu kuyoba mncane. Ekupheleni kuka-2017, ukwakhiwa kwegatsha lesibili lomgwaqo wegesi kuhlelwe, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwendawo yokugcinwa kwegesi yeGlebovskoye, ngenxa yokuthi amandla ayo azokwandiswa kabili uma ukuvuselelwa kwenziwa ngokuhambisana ne-Ukraine, noma izikhathi ezine. Lokhu ekugcineni kuzoxazulula zonke izinkinga ezikhona nge-gas system yokuthutha eCrimea yaseRussia, ngisho nokucabangela ukwanda okuqhubekayo kokusetshenziswa kwegesi nokunciphisa izinga lemikhiqizo yeCrimegal.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iGenichesk izoqhubeka incike ekuthengeni kwegesi eCrimea, ngokuqondene nonyaka iziphathimandla zase-Ukraine azithathi izinyathelo zokuxazulula le nkinga. Bancoma nje ukuthi izakhamuzi zifake ezinye izinketho zokushisa. Njengoba kunikezwe isimo samanje, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwepayipi legesi kusukela ezweni lonke kuya eCrimea - lokhu ngeke kube yinkinga ye-peninsula.