I-Ytterbium fiber laser: idivayisi, isimiso sokusebenza, amandla, ukukhiqiza, isicelo

Fibre lasers kukhona icwecwe futhi iqine, olunembile, futhi kulula chitha eyenga ukushisa. Iza phambi izinhlobo ezahlukene nokuba okuningi ukwenza ngemisebe ye-laser yezinye izinhlobo kunezimo zazo ezihlukile.

Fibre lasers: ukusebenza

Amadivayisi zaloluhlobo zinzima ukwehlukahlukana esezingeni umthombo okuqinile-isimo emisebeni anokuhambisana kusukela fibre, esikhundleni induku ukusebenza uketshezi, ipuleti noma disc. Ukukhanya eyenziwe dopant engxenyeni ephakathi ye-fiber. Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo kungaba isukela elula ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ytterbium fibre laser apharathasi yokuthi fibre has a enkulu yesiminyaminya isilinganiso, ngakho ukushisa kungenziwa udlulele kalula.

Fibre lasers kuthiwa akhishwa optically, ngokuvamile ngosizo diode lasers, kodwa kwezinye izimo - imithombo efanayo. Yokukhanya esetshenziswa kulezi izinhlelo ngokuvamile limelela izingxenye optic, lapho iningi labo noma bonke axhunyiwe komunye nomunye. Kwezinye izimo, yokukhanya ngobuningi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi yangaphakathi optical fibre Uhlelo kuhlanganiswe sangaphandle ngobuningi yokukhanya.

A diode umthombo futha kungase kube nezici diode, noma sebuningini diodes ngabanye, ngamunye okuyinto uxhumeke kwi-waveguide isixhumi fibre optic. fibre Doped ekupheleni ngamunye has a mirror ingaphakathi elalinembobo - practice ukwenza fibre Bragg nehele. Enisemikhawulweni yokukhanya ngobuningi, uma nje kuphela ugongolo okukhipha ingena okungaphezu fibre. Umhlahlandlela ukukhanya kungase basonta ukuze uma oyifunayo ngalo ingaphakathi laser ungase ube ubude ngamamitha ambalwa.

binuclear

Ukwakheka okuzenzela asetshenziswa fibre lasers, kubalulekile. Okuvame kakhulu iyona geometry sohlaka ezimbili-core. Undoped core yangaphandle (ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi i-intima) akhishwa iqoqa ukukhanya oyiqondisayo eduze fibre. emisebeni Sishukunyiswe ekhiqizwa kuleli fibre sidlula core kwangaphakathi, okuyinto evame imodi olulodwa. Umnyombo kwangaphakathi iqukethe ytterbium okufakiwe, zishukunyiswa ukukhanya futha. Kukhona izinhlobo eziningi noncircular core yangaphandle kuhlanganise - eziyisithupha, D emise elingunxande, ekunciphiseni amathuba ageje ugongolo wokukhanyisa core emaphakathi.

I laser fibre ungaba ekupheleni noma uhlangothi ukudonsa. Endabeni ukukhanya lokuqala isifo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu imithombo ingena ukuphela fibre. Lapho ukukhanya ohlangothini ukudonsa ihlinzekwa ukuba idabula okuyinto feeds bayifaka core yangaphandle. Loku kuyehluka induku laser lapho ukukhanya kungena perpendicular eksisi.

Ukuze isinqumo esinjalo lidinga intuthuko kwesakhiwo. ukunakwa okukhulu ikhokhelwa kufinyeta ukukhanya futha ku nengaphakathi ukukhiqiza kombhala labantu, okuholela ekushayweni kwavusa e umnyombo kwangaphakathi. laser core kungase kudingeke ntshashintshe ka okhulisa ku fibre kuncike doping, kanye ubude bayo. Lezi zici asethwe njengoba unjiniyela design for kwemigomo edingekayo.

Amandla umkhawulo kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi lapho uqhuba ngaphakathi fibre olulodwa-mode. core okunjalo endaweni encane kakhulu cross-Sectional, futhi ngenxa yalokho sihamba ekukhanyeni therethrough okujula eliphezulu kakhulu. Uma lokhu ekubeni evelele non-eqondile Brillouin kusakazeka, okwenza zilinganiselwe izinhlobo amandla okukhipha ezinkulungwane eziningana Watts. Uma okukhipha siphakeme ngokwanele, ukuphela fibre kungenzeka lilimele.

Ikakhulukazi fibre lasers

Ukusetshenziswa fibre njengoba uketshezi ukusebenza kunikeza okukhulu nokuxhumana obuphelele, elisebenza kahle lapho ukudonsa diode. Lokhu Imiphumela geometry endaweni okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuguqulwa nekusebenta izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya, kanye nokwakhiwa okunokwethenjelwa futhi icwecwe, lapho kungekho yokukhanya leyehlukene, ezidinga ukulungiswa noma ukuqondanisa.

A fibre laser, okuyinto ama-apharathasi kuyivumela ukuzivumelanisa kahle, kungenziwa aguqulelwe Welding thick metal amashidi futhi ukukhiqiza pulses femtosecond. yokukhulisa umsindo fiber-optic ukunikeza olulodwa-pass inzuzo futhi asetshenziswa ezokuxhumana, njengoba angakhulisa yamaza eziningi kanyekanye. Inzuzo efanayo isetshenziswa amandla yokukhulisa umsindo nge okuyinhloko oscillator. Kwezinye izimo, lo mshini wokukhulisa umsindo kungenziwa eziqhutshwa nge okuqhubekayo wave laser.

Esinye isibonelo ungumthombo ekushayweni kusukela fibre-ukugcizelela, lapho isidoda kwavusa is bebengaphuzile nokuguqulwa. Esinye isibonelo laser Raman fibre kuhlangene ukuhlakazwa yanda, wavelength kakhulu phuca. It ithole isicelo ocwaningweni, lapho inhlanganisela sizukulwane futhi okhulisa usebenzisa ingilazi fluoride kunokuba indinganiso Silica zesivikelo sesifuba.

Nokho, ngokuvamile, Imicu yotshani eyenziwe Silica ingilazi nge ezingavamile-umhlaba dopant e ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. Izithasiselo eyisiqalo ytterbium futhi erbium. Ytterbium has yamaza kusuka 1030 kuya 1080 NM, futhi kungenzeka ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana ezahlukahlukene. Ukusetshenziswa 940-nm diode futha iyehlisa kusilela of izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya. Ytterbium akanakho imiphumela self-eqeda, abase-neodymium at ziqhelelane, ngakho yokugcina isetshenziswa lasers ngobuningi futhi ytterbium - fibre (bobabili ukunikeza mayelana nombono ofanayo).

Erbium likhipha ku uhla 1530-1620 NM, a ephephile amehlo. Imvamisa kungenziwa kabili ukukhiqiza ekukhanyeni at 780 NM, okuyinto ayitholakali ukuze nezinye izinhlobo fibre lasers. Ekugcineni, ytterbium kungaba ukungezwa erbium ukuze isici ngeke amunca emisebeni futha futhi udlulise lo amandla ukuze erbium. Thulium - omunye dopant kuya ekushayweni esikhathini esiseduze esifundeni infrared, okuyinto ngaleyo ndlela kuphephile izithombe iso.

ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu

I laser fibre uhlelo athi ezintathu-level. i-izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya futha ajabulise yenguquko ukusuka isimo phansi ungqimba engenhla. Laser ushintsho ivela ingxenye ephansi ezingeni eliphezulu kwelinye yokuhlukanisa kutsho uthi. Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu: isibonelo, ytterbium-940 nm ikhasi lesikhwama sasekhaya futha Likhipha ikhasi lesikhwama sasekhaya nge nombono ka 1030 NM, futhi isici quantum (amandla ukulahlekelwa), mayelana 9% kuphela.

Ngokuphambene, neodymium, akhishwa ngaso 808 nm ilahlekelwa mayelana 24% of energy. Ngakho, ytterbium abazalwa has a ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu, nakuba ayengafiki konke kuba okumele izuzwe ngenxa ekulahlekelweni ezinye eziningi zokukhanya. Yb kungenzeka akhishwa eziningi imvamisa bands, futhi erbium - wavelength ka 1480 noma 980 nm. Imvamisa ephakeme akuyona kahle ngokuya isici izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya, kodwa ewusizo, ngisho Kulokhu, ngoba ngaleso 980 NM, imithombo ezekhethelo.

ukusebenza kahle jikelele laser fibre kuwumphumela esinezinyathelo inqubo. Okokuqala, kungenxa nekusebenta diode futha. Semiconductor izinto ezinemisebe anokuhambisana kuphumelela kakhulu, nge 50% kahle ukuguqulela isignali kagesi zibe optical. Imiphumela izifundo laboratory basikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukufinyelela ukubaluleka 70% noma ngaphezulu. Nge ngqo umdlalo okukhipha emisebeni ukumuncwa umugqa fibre laser kufinyelelwa kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu ukudonsa kahle.

Okwesibili, lokhu kuguqulwa kahle optical-optical. Lapho izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya encane isici ingafinyelela izinga eliphakeme excitation kanye isizinda nekusebenta optical-optical ukuguqulwa nekusebenta 60-70%. Ukusebenza kahle ewumphumela ku uhla 25-35%.

ukucupha ehlukahlukene

Fibre quantum okuqhubekayo wave ugesi kungenzeka olulodwa noma multimode (izindlela transverse). Singlemode ukukhiqiza high quality ugongolo wempahla, ukusebenza noma ukuthumela ugodo lapho ingena emkhathini we, futhi multimode fibre zezimboni lasers zingakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla amaningi. Isetshenziselwa yokwehlisa kanye Welding, futhi ikakhulukazi, i-ukwelashwa ukushisa, lapho indawo enkulu esikhanyayo.

I eside fibre laser kuyinto kakhulu apharathasi athi okuqhubekayo ngokuvamile MILLISECOND e pulses Generating hlobo. Ngokuvamile kuba umjikelezo komsebenzi 10%. Lokhu kuholela amandla isiqongo ephakeme ukudlula imodi okuqhubekayo (ngokuvamile izikhathi eziyishumi) ukuthi kusetshenziswa, isibonelo, ukwenziwa imishini pulsed. Imvamisa kungenzeka 500 Hz, kuye ngokuthi isikhathi.

Q-usuke fibre lasers futhi uba e kwenqwaba. Ukudla okuvamile ishayela Ubude besikhathi ku ezahlukene nanoseconds ukuze microseconds. Ukuqhubeka fibre, isikhathi eside kuthatha Q-kokushintsha emisebeni okukhipha, okuholela ishayela eside.

Fibre izakhiwo ezinye ukulinganiselwa phezu ukushintshashintsha kwezwi Q. I nonlinearity we-laser fibre kuyinto ephawulekayo ngenxa encane endaweni cross-Sectional core, ukuze amandla isiqongo kufanele kube ukuyaphi. Ungasebenzisa noma Q ivolumu ukushintshwa, okunikeza ukusebenza ephakeme, noma modulators optic, ezixhunywe kuze kube semikhawulweni ingxenye esebenzayo.

pulses Q-esitshalweni kungenziwa iyakhula endaweni fibre noma elalinembobo ingaphakathi. Isibonelo salokhu kwamuva ingatholakala National sekulingisa Complex of ukuhlolwa yenuzi (NIF, Livermore, CA), lapho laser fibre uyingcweti oscillator for 192 imishayo. pulses elincane slabs elikhulu ingilazi doped eseshukumisa megajoules.

Ngo fibre lasers nge ukuvumelanisa ukuphindaphinda imvamisa incike ubude impahla gcizelela, njengasezinsukwini ezinye izindlela ukuvumelanisa izifunda ishayela isikhathi kuncike ikhono ukuthuthukisa throughput. I emfushane uhla of FS 50, futhi ejwayelekile kakhulu - uhla FS 100.

Phakathi ytterbium futhi erbium fibre, kukhona umehluko obalulekile, lapho tisebenta ezahlukene izindlela ukuhlakazwa. fibre Erbium-doped likhipha at 1550 NM endaweni ka ukuhlakazwa ezingasadingeki. Lokhu kuvumela solitons. Itterbievye Imicu yotshani basesimweni ukuhlakazwa omuhle noma evamile; ngenxa yalokho, baba ukukhiqiza pulses nge komugqa imvamisa ukushintshashintsha kwezwi libizwa. Ngenxa Bragg nehele kungase kudingeke cindezela obuphelele ishayela.

Kunezindlela eziningana ukuguqula pulses fibre-laser, ikakhulukazi ngenxa picosecond Ultrafast izifundo. Sefonetiki crystal Imicu yotshani kungenziwa ekhiqizwa nge cores encane kakhulu imiphumela enamandla nonlinear, okufana supercontinuum isizukulwane. Ngokuphambene, zinhlayiya sefonetiki kungabuye ekhiqizwa nge enkulukazi olulodwa-mode core ukuze ugweme imiphumela nonlinear at amandla aphezulu.

Nezimo sefonetiki crystal fibre ne core ezinkulu esidalelwe izicelo ezidinga amandla aphezulu. Eyodwa yezindlela iwukuba ukugoba ngamabomu fibre ukuze ususe noma ikuphi engadingeki lesezingeni leliphakeme izindlela ngenkathi sigcina imodi transverse ayisisekelo. I-non-linearity kudala Harmonics; futhi ngokukhipha ukuvama ukusonga, ungakha yamaza emifushane futhi isikhathi eside. imiphumela Nonlinear kungase kubangele ishayela kokucindezelwa, okuholela Combs ukubukeka imvamisa.

Umthombo supercontinuum njengoba pulses esifushane kakhulu ukukhiqiza spectrum okuqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa isigaba kwezwi. Ngokwesibonelo, kusukela ekuqaleni 6 ps pulses at 1050 NM, okuyinto kudala ytterbium fibre laser spectrum etholwe basukela ultraviolet ukuba abangaphezu kuka-1600 NM. Omunye umthombo IR-akhishwa umthombo erbium-supercontinuum ngesikhathi wavelength ka 1550 NM.

amandla High

Umkhakha okwamanje umthengi elikhulu fibre lasers. Ngo baningi manje ojabulela amandla oda kilowatts esetshenziswa embonini yezimoto. Embonini yezimoto amabombo ukukhiqizwa ephezulu amandla izimoto steel ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ukuqina kanye okulula lula okukhulu uphethiloli umnotho. Ezivamile umshini amathuluzi kunzima kakhulu, isibonelo, ngezibhakela izimbobo kulolu hlobo steel kanye izinto ezinemisebe anokuhambisana enza kube lula.

Ukuphuca fibre metal laser, uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo generator quantum has eziningi eziwusizo. Ngokwesibonelo, waveband eduze-infrared ugxile kahle izinsimbi. Beam kungaba inikelwe ngokusebenzisa fibre, okuvumela robot kalula ukuhambisa focus lapho ukusika futhi imishini.

fibre Optical kwanelisa izidingo kakhulu amandla. Izikhali US Navy, ihlolwe ngo-2014, siqukethe 6-fibre 5.5-kilowatt angu-lasers kuhlangene kwelinye uvumelanise futhi imbuthuma ngokusebenzisa obumba uhlelo optical. 33 kW iyunithi yasetshenziselwa ukunqoba i imoto unmanned zasemoyeni. Nakuba ugongolo nesisodwa-mode, uhlelo ezithakazelisayo, njengoba evumela ukwakha laser fibre ngezandla aphume ejwayelekile, izithako itholakale kalula.

Amandla olulodwa-mode imithombo ukukhanya anokuhambisana eliphezulu kakhulu IPG Photonics 10 kW. Inkosi oscillator kuveza watt kwamandla optical, okuyinto yanikezwa amplifier esiteji akhishwa ngaso 1018 NM nokukhanya yezinye fibre lasers. wonke Uhlelo has a usayizi amafriji ezimbili.

Ukusetshenziswa fibre lasers nazo enwetshiwe high amandla yokwehlisa kanye Welding. Ngokwesibonelo, esikhundleni ukumelana Welding steel ngokuxazulula inkinga ukusonteka of indaba ishidi. isilawuli Amandla kanye nemingcele kuvumela kakhulu ahlabayo Curves, ikakhulukazi emagumbini omabili.

Enamandla kunazo multimode fibre laser - ukusika izinsimbi kamakhi efanayo - kuze kufinyelele 100 kW. Uhlelo kusekelwe inhlanganisela ugongolo incoherent, ngakho-ke ngeke super eliphezulu uvumelanise. Lokhu Ukumelana kwenza fibre lasers ezikhangayo umkhakha.

imishini ukhonkolo

Multimode fibre laser okukhipha 4 kW ingasetshenziswa yokwehlisa kanye imishini ukhonkolo. Kungani na? Lapho onjiniyela ozama ukufeza ukumelana zokuzamazama komhlaba zezakhiwo ekhona, uqaphe kakhulu nge ukhonkolo. Lapho ukufakwa kuyo, njenge steel ukuqinisa eshaywayo ezivamile imishini kungadala amaphutha futhi kwehlise ukhonkolo, kodwa fibre lasers usike ngaphandle ukukugaya.

Lasers nge fibre Q-esitshalweni wasebenzisa isibonelo kophawu noma enkulu ekwakhekeni Semiconductor electronics. Asetshenziswa limile uzitholele: amamojuli kukhona nenkundla isandla aqukethe iso-ephephile fibre lasers kabani wokukhipha 4 kW, ukuvama 50 kHz futhi ubude besikhathi pulse 5-15 NS.

ukwelashwa surface

Kukhona isithakazelo esikhulu fibre lasers ezincane micro nanoprocessing. Lapho kukhishwa i-ungqimba ebusweni, uma isikhathi ishayela mufushane kuka 35 ps, ayikho into sishaye. Lokhu kuvimbela ukwakheka dimples nezinye izinsalela engathandeki. I pulses e umbuso femtosecond liveze imiphumela nonlinear ukuthi akuzona nozwelo nombono nasezindaweni ezizungezile akuyona evuthayo, ukuvumela ukusebenza ngaphandle umonakalo omkhulu noma buthakathaka nezindawo ezizungezile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingase izimbobo usike nge ebubanzini ukujula okusezingeni eliphezulu - ngokwesibonelo, ngokushesha (ngaphakathi millisecond ambalwa) izimbobo ezincane 1 mm usebenzisa insimbi engagqwali pulses 800-FS nge imvamisa 1 MHz.

Kungenzeka futhi ukukhiqiza izinto ebusweni kabi esobala, isib, ehlweni lomuntu. Usike ichopho elevelini microsurgery, pulses femtosecond vysokoaperturnym lens uvalwe focus weyesi ngaphansi kwamanzi iso ngaphandle kokudala yikuphi ukulimala phezu, kodwa iso ngokubhubhisa zenyama ukujula elawulwa. Ebusweni abushelelezi cornea, okuyinto ebalulekile umbono ihleli kahle. I ichopho uyashiywa phansi, lingatholakala yakhishwa ukuvundulula excimer laser ukwakha lens. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza yezokwelapha zihlanganisa ukuhlinzwa Ukungena elingajulile nezesikhumba, kanye ukusetshenziswa kohlobo oluthile optical ukuhambisana kwemicabango njengemisho tomography.

lasers femtosecond

lasers Femtosecond kwezesayensi esetshenziswa ukuze ajabulise laser ukuwohloka spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy isinqumo yesikhashana, futhi wempahla jikelele ucwaningo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho zidingeka ukwenziwa femtosecond imvamisa ikamu kuyadingeka Metrology futhi izifundo jikelele. Omunye izicelo real esikhathini esifushane kuyoba kuma-atomic clock we iziphuphutheki GPS isizukulwane esisha, okuzokwenza ngezelela ukuma.

imvamisa fibre Single laser wenziwa nge linewidth Spectral engaphansi kuka-1 kHz. Le divayisi umxhwele nge encane amandla emisebe ye-okukhipha kusuka 10 MW evikini elingu-1. Ithola isicelo emkhakheni wezokuxhumana, Metrology (isb, fibre gyroscopes) kanye spectroscopy.

Yini okulandelayo?

Njengoba for ezinye izicelo zocwaningo, kusenzima eziningi kubo kufundvwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ubunjiniyela yezempi, futhi lokho singasebenza nakwezinye izindawo, esakhiwa ngo kuhlanganiswa imishayo fibre-laser ukuze bathole ugodo okusezingeni eliphezulu usebenzisa inhlanganisela anokuhambisana noma Spectral. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla aminingi kufinyelelwa ku ugodo olulodwa-mode.

Ukukhiqizwa fibre lasers likhula ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi yezimoto umkhakha izidingo. Futhi, kukhona indawo okungezona fibrous fibre amadivaysi. Ngaphezu ngcono jikelele ku izindleko kanye nokusebenza, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu esisebenzayo femtosecond lasers kanye supercontinuum imithombo. Fibre lasers hlala niches ngaphezulu futhi ube umthombo ngcono nezinye izinhlobo lasers.