Ukuxhumana kuhlukaniswa: isithombe, ukudweba, izibonelo, ukufakwa. Izinhlobo zokuxhumana ezingafinyeleleki nezingenakutholakala

Ekwakhiweni komshini nokwenza izinsimbi, hhayi kuphela izingxenye ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni, kodwa futhi ukuxhuma kwabo kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Kubonakala sengathi yonke into kufanele ibe yinto elula kakhulu, kodwa empeleni, uma ungena kule sihloko, ungathola ukuthi kunenqwaba yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, okuyilowo nalowo unezinzuzo nezinkinga zakhe.

Kulesi sihloko, uzochaza ukuthi izixhumanisi ziyatholakala yini - uzofunda ngokuqondile ukuthi ziyini, lapho zisetshenziswa khona. Futhi, zizoqhathaniswa nokuxhumana konke okuphakathi.

Okwamanje, awucabangi ukuthi konke lokhu kusho ukuthini, ngakho-ke ungapheli ngokushesha kungabi yizinto ezilula kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokucubungula ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi uxhumano lungafinyeleleki, kufanele uqonde ukuthi ziningi kangakanani, okungukuthi, ukubhekana nokuhlukaniswa okuyisisekelo kwalezi zingxenye ekukhiqizeni.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali

Uma uthatha zonke izinhlobo zokuxhuma, khona-ke ziwela emaqenjini amabili amakhulu:

• Fixed;
• Imfono.

Kulula ukuqonda ukuthi uma ukuxhuma kungokwamaqembu okuqala, kusho ukuthi izingxenye ezimbili ngosizo lwazo zigcinwe ndawonye ukuze zihlale zihambelana futhi zingahambisani. Bangakwazi ukuhamba ngokugcwele kule ndlela, kodwa zihleliwe ndawonye ngokuqinile.

Ngokuqondene neqembu lesibili, sikhuluma ngokuzibophezela okuvumela izingxenye ezimbili ukuba zihambisane ngokuhambisana nenqubo ngenkathi zisalokhu zixhunyiwe.

Ukuxhumeka kwamaselula kakade kwahlukaniswa ukuba kutholakale futhi kuyodwa. I-subgroup yokuqala ichaza labo abangavuleka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngenkathi iqembu lesibili lihlanganisa lezo ezingabhubhisa kuphela - ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kodwa ngaphandle kokuhlelwa kokubuyisela uxhumano. Ngokuvamile, ama-compounds anjalo asebenza kuze kube yilapho ephela, emva kwalokho aphinde ashintshwe.

Kodwa sekuyisikhathi sokubuyela eqenjini elikhulu lokuqala - ukuxhumana okuhleliwe. Kukhona futhi ama-subgroups amabili - ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlanganiswa okukodwa. Ngokuyisisekelo, akukho mqondo ngokuphinda incazelo yabo, ngoba ihlala ifana nesekuxhumeni kweselula.

Manje njengoba ufunde ukuhlukaniswa okuyisisekelo, yisikhathi sokugxila esihlokweni esiyinhloko salesi sihloko. Izixhumi zoxhumano zizochazwa ngemininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka, ekhombisa zonke izinhlobo ezinkulu ezingatholakala ekukhiqizeni.

Ukuxhumana okuxhunyiwe

Izinhlobo zokuxhumeka ezitholakalayo ziningi, kodwa phakathi kwazo okudume kakhulu kubo bonke, cishe, kuzokwenziwa. Ngisho noma ungasebenzi ekukhiqizeni, nakanjani uye wasebenzisa i-bolt noma isikulufa ukuze unamathisele umlenze wesitulo noma enye imininingwane.

Lolu hlobo loxhumano lubonakala ngokuba khona komcibisholo, ohlinzeka ngezinsimbi zokufaka, futhi, uma kunesidingo, izingxenye zinganqanyulwa - yingakho lolu hlobo lubhekisela ekuthungeni. Iqembu lezintambo lingahlukaniswa ngama-subgroups amabili, ahluke kancane komunye nomunye:

1. Olunye uhlobo loxhumano olunjalo lungase lubhekise ekusetshenzisweni kwezingxenye ezimbili, ngasinye esinezintambo ezihambelanayo, ngaleyo ndlela siqinisekise isibopho. Noma kunjalo, le nketho ayisebenzisi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
2. Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kungenzeka ukuthi ubhekene nenketho yesibili, lapho izingxenye ezimbili zihlanganiswa ndawonye ngenye into efakiwe, njenge-bolt, screw noma hairpin.

Izinzuzo zalolu hlobo kakhulu - kuthathwa njengokwethenjelwa, ezisetshenziselwa yonke indawo, ziyinto yonke, izingxenye ezikuyo ziyashintshashintsha, futhi kuyindlela ephezulu.

Kodwa-ke, kukhona okuyizinto ezingalungile - isibonelo, uxhumano olunjalo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile lungadlula, ukuze luhlale lulawulwa. Futhi, izimbobo zokugcizelela zibangele ukuhlushwa kwamandla emgodini owodwa, okungaholela ekugqithiseni. Futhi-ke, ukuxhumana okunjalo akuhlinzeki ngokuqina. Konke lokhu kungaba kubi uma lezi zinhlobo zodwa kuphela, kodwa, ngenhlanhla, kunezinye izinhlobo zamajoyina atholakalayo, okuzoxoxwa manje.

Phina uxhumano

Yini enye okuxhumeka kwe-plug-in? Izithombe ezincwadini ezihamba phambili nomagazini zibonisa njalo ukuthi i-threaded threaded, ngoba ithandwa kakhulu futhi isakazeke. Kodwa akusekho okuthandwa kakhulu - pin. Ihluke kulowo owedlule ngoba awunayo intambo.

Iphoyinti yingxenye ehlanganisiwe efakwe emgodini odlula kuzo zombili izingxenye okudingayo ukuze uzivikele. Ngenxa yalokho, bahlala endaweni eyodwa futhi banamathele komunye nomunye. Uma uthola kunzima ukucabanga okukhethwa kukho okuchazwe kubunjiniyela, ungacabanga okuthile okujwayelekile - isibonelo, ukuvakashela udokotela wamazinyo. Kukhona nezikhonkwane ezikhethekile ezifakwa ngaphakathi kwegamu, bese kuthiwa uphawu noma umqhele phezu kwabo. Njengoba ungabona, izibonelo zokuxhumana okufinyeleleka zingatholakala ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila.

Ukuxhuma okukhiye

Lona uhlobo lokuqala lokuxhumeka ohlwini oluselula. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukudlulisela ukunyakaza kokujikeleza. Isebenza kanjani? Ukuphakama kokuxhumeka kwe-plug-in yalolu hlobo kulula kakhulu - kukhona shaft yokudlulisa ukujikeleza, lapho kukhona khona indawo, lapho ungafaka khona ukhiye. Esigodini, lapho i-shaft ijoyina khona, kune-groove lapho kungena khona ukhiye, okuqinisekisa ukushintshwa kokujikeleza.

Konke kulula kakhulu futhi kuyasebenza - ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu akanakucabangela ukuxhuma okulula ukufaka nokuqeda. Futhi ama-pluses amaningi ku-bank piggy anezela izindleko eziphansi. Kodwa akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi izimpungushe ezinezihluthulelo zinciphisa amandla esakhiwo sonke, futhi zakha ukucindezeleka ngokweqile kokucindezeleka.

Kodwa ngokujwayelekile, lokhu kuxhumene nakho kuvamile kakhulu, futhi uzothola ngezindlela eziningi. Ngakho uma ubuzwa ukuthi yikuphi ukuxhumana okuhlukaniswayo, ungabiza ngokuphepha labo osuvele ufunde mayelana nalesi sihloko - yizona ezithandwa kakhulu. Kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi lokhu sekuphela kokudluliswa - kunamanje izinhlobo eziningi zokuxhuma ezikulindelwe zona, ezisetshenziselwa yonke indawo ekukhiqizeni ngisho nakuphila kwansuku zonke.

Uxhumano oluthile

Uxhumano oluthile lubizwa nangokuthi lu-serrated, njengoba ukuxhumana nokulungiswa kwezingxenye ezikuyo kuqhutshwa ngamazinyo atholakala eduze nobude be-shaft, kuyilapho kuyingxenye ebanzi kunezintaba zazo zonke lezizinyo. Inzuzo enkulu yalolu hlobo yizikhwepha zayo ezinkulu, kodwa ukukhathazeka okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ukuthi nge-uxhumano olunjalo, i-shaft ihlala ikwazi ukuhamba yonke ubude, izungeze izingxenye uma kunesidingo. Ngezici eziningi lokhu kungukumahluko phakathi kokuxhumeka okutholakala kalula nokungatholakali. Ukudweba kwalezi zibopho zihlale zenziwa kalula, ngakho wonke umuntu angakwazi ukubhekana nokuthula.

Ukuqina okunjalo kungatholakali kutholakala ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ngokuvamile kubonakala kwezobunjiniyela nezinye izinhlobo zokukhiqiza. Ukuxhumeka kwe-spline kunokwahlukanisa okubanzi, okufaka ukuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu:

• Amazinyo afakwe;
• Ngalokhu umthwalo owenziwe ngabo udluliselwa yi-shroud;
• Ekugxileni izingxenye zokuxuba;
• Ngokuhamba, njalonjalo.

Njengoba ungabona, lokhu kungenye yezibonelo ezicacile zokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zamajoyina atholakalayo zingathinta ngokuqondile amaqembu amabili amakhulu, okungukuthi, kokubili eselula futhi okumile.

Ukuxhuma kwe-Bayonet

Usuvele ufunde ukuthi okuhlanganyelwe kuyatholakala, okukuvumela ukuba uthole izingxenye ezibanjwe ndawonye uma kunesidingo. Ukuxhumeka kwe-bayonet nakho kuyatholakala, futhi kungatholakala njalo.

Kubonakala kungavamile - isiqeshana esisodwa sinemifudlana, kanti enye inendawo ekhethekile, lapho i-ledge engangeni khona nje, iqondiswe ngokucindezela nokujika, okwenza uxhumano luhlale luhlala isikhathi eside. Izindawo zokusebenzisa ama-bayonethi zihluke kakhulu - ezivela kwezobunjiniyela bemishini kanye ne-elekthronikhi, izinto eziphathekayo zasekhishini kanye namakhamera. Ngakho-ke kunethuba eliphakeme kakhulu ukuthi usuvele uhlangabezane nenhlobo enjalo yokuqinisa.

Ukuxhuma kwe-Clamp

Ukuxhumeka koxhumano kufaka ukuphela - bakhonza ukuxhuma i-shaft kuhabhu, kodwa le nqubo ayidume kakhulu. Iphuzu liwukuthi ihabhu linomshini owodwa noma amabili lapho i-bolt noma enye into yokuqinisa ifakwe khona. Uma ivikelekile, ihabhu lidonsa ndawonye, ngokucindezela ngokucindezela ngokumelene ne-shaft ngaphakathi kwalo. Lokhu kuxhumano olulula, olusetshenziswa kaningi ezindaweni eziningi zomsebenzi.

Okubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, ukuxhumana okunjalo okusetshenziselwa ukuqinisa i-shaft ne-hub, njenge-keyed noma i-slotted, kukuvumela ukuba ubeke izingxenye ngokuzihlanganisa kuphela. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lokugcina likuvumela ukuthi uxhumeke kuma-angles ahlukene, futhi uphinde ukhuphuke kunoma iyiphi ingxenye ye-shaft. Umdwebo wokuxhumeka okutholakala kulolu hlobo kufaka phakathi izinkomba zalawo maphuzu abalulekile.

Ukuxhumana okuxubile

Lolu hlobo lokuxhumeka lusebenzisa nokuqinisa njengamandla amakhulu okubopha, njengeyaphambilini. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi indlela ehlukile kakhulu isetshenziswa. Umgomo wokusebenza kwawo kunzima ukuwachaza ngamazwi, ngoba isikhungo esikulesi simo siwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi olunamakhemikhali amaningana akhiwe ngaphakathi, lapho ukhiye uguqulwa emigodini eyenziwe ngokukhethekile kule njongo kubhubhu, unciphisa imbobo enkulu lapho kufakwe khona shaft.

Uma le ncazelo ingabonakali ezwakalayo kuwe, ke indlela elula ukucabanga ukuthi i-drill endala enezikhwama ezithathelwanayo - isebenzisa isibopho esinjalo esivamile. Ufaka ukhiye okhethekile, ugobe izici zokugxila ezinhlangothini, faka ibhotela elidingekayo bese uliqinisa ngokuphenduka kwesibili kwesihluthulelo. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuxhunyaniswa akusetshenziswanga kuphela kubhontshisi, kodwa futhi nasezintweni eziningi zokukhiqiza.

Ukuxhumana kwephrofayela

Yebo, ukuxhumeka kokugcina kwe-plug-in kuyiphrofayela. Ihluke kuzo zonke zangaphambili ngoba ayikho ikhi, ayikho amazinyo, ayikho izintambo, ayikho enye into yokulungisa. Iqiniso liwukuthi imininingwane kulolu cala ifakwe ngokuhlanganiswa nabo komunye nomunye ukuze kube yilapho bakha ubuso obuvamile obungenakunyakaziswa. Kulula nje, zihlanganisiwe ukuze zivumelane ngokuhlangana, ngenkathi zakha uxhumano oluqinile.

Inzuzo eyinhloko yinto elula yokungabonakali nokungabikho kwenani lazo zonke izakhi zangaphandle, okubangela kwezinye izinhlobo zokunamathisela ukuxhuma okukhulu kwamandla. Kodwa lolu hlobo lokuxhumeka lunokungaphumeleli kwalo, njengokucindezeleka okuphezulu kokuxhumana noma amandla amakhulu asakaza.

Ngaphambilini sathi lesi sihloko sizochaza izinhlobo zokuxhumeka okungafinyeleleka kanye noyodwa. Futhi nakuba okuqala kukhulunywe njengesihloko esiyinhloko salokhu okubalulekile, sisadingeka sicabange ngokuyinhloko, ethandwa kakhulu, konke okukodwa kokukodwa.

Ukuxhumeka konke okukodwa

Izixhumanisi ezingenakunqanyulwa noma ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi akuzona eziningi. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuphawula okuhlangene okuhlangene, okusetshenziselwa cishe yonke indawo ekukhiqizeni. Wonke umuntu angacabanga ngenqubo yokudonsa lapho kusetshenziswe khona idivayisi ekhethekile, okuyinto eshukumisa kakhulu izinsimbi zombili izingxenye endaweni yokunamathisela. Khona-ke, ngesikhathi sokupholisa, le nsimbi ixubanisiwe, yenza i- weld seam, engenakunqanyulwa kakade ngokuyibhubhisa.

Olunye uhlobo olusebenza ngendlela efana neyokuqala lugoqa. Ukwakha i-solder joint, udinga idivayisi ekhethekile - i-soldering iron. Inika impahla ekhethekile kumaphoyinti okunamathiselwe, futhi le ncazelo inephuzu eliphansi lokuqhaqhazela, lapho izingxenye zihlala zingacacile, kodwa zihlangene ngalokhu. Le ndlela isetshenziswa lapho izingxenye zingenakukhubazeka, zishintshiwe, okungukuthi, ukushisa akufanelekile.

Uma singakhulumi ngokusebenza ngensimbi, khona-ke ukuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe kuvame ukusetshenziswa - lolu hlobo luyaziwa ngokuphelele kubantu bonke, ngoba, cishe, wasebenzisa i-glue okungenani kanye empilweni yakho ukuxhuma izingxenye ezimbili ukuze uthole okukodwa okungaxhunyiwe. Ngokufanayo into efanayo eyenzekayo ekukhiqizeni, kuphela ngesilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu.

Kulungile, ukuxhumeka okukodwa, okuyinto okufanele ukuyikhulumayo - kuqiniswa ne-rivets. Lezi zinhlobo zisetshenziswe kakhulu futhi zithandwa ngaphambili. Ingqikithi yayo ikhona eqinisweni elungiselelwe ngemininingwane yemigodi nayo ifakwe kusengaphambili izinto zokugaya, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-riveting. Khona-ke kukhona inqubo yokuhlekisa - i-riveting icutshungulwa ngendlela yokuthi ixhuma izingxenye ngokuqinile, futhi kakade ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa. Kodwa-ke, ungacabanga ukuthi kuyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani futhi inzima kakhulu le nqubo. Yingakho manje ukuhlanganiswa kwesibhamu kusetshenziselwa kakhulu, futhi ama-rivets ezweni lanamuhla angabonakala kaningi njengemihlobiso yokuhlobisa ngezicathulo, izingubo nokunye.

Yilezo zonke izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuxhumeka kokukhiqiza - kokubili okutholakala kalula futhi konke okukodwa. Yiqiniso, kuningi kakhulu kubo - ikakhulu uma sikhuluma ngezinhlobo ezingasebenzi, ezingasetshenziswa manje. Futhi kukhona lezo zibopho ezingavamile kakhulu, ezisetshenziselwa endaweni ethile futhi azithandwa ngokukhethekile ukuzisho ngokuhlukile. Kodwa kungasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ukuthi ngisho le nombolo yokuxhumeka yanele ukwenzela inkampani ukuthi ikhethe ngokuqondile leyo ezoba efanele kakhulu kulokhu noma lowo msebenzi futhi izonikeza amandla amakhulu nokugcwaliseka okuphelele kwazo zonke izidingo.