Indawo yokusebenza kagesi i-VL-80: izici zobuchwepheshe, ukusatshalaliswa nokusebenza

Cishe ngamunye wethu uyazi ukuthi amaphesenti amakhulu kakhulu okuthuthwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke aqhutshwa yizokuthutha ezitimela. Ngokuqondene nesikhala se-post-Soviet, kule nsimu umzila wesitimela ungumholi ongenamkhawulo, ongenamkhawulo ngokwemali yomgibeli nomgibeli ohamba nawo. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula ngokuningiliziwe enye yemishini ehamba phambili edonsa izinqola ezihlukene, egama layo lingu-VL-80.

Ulwazi jikelele

Leyunithi yesitimela yamandla yi-brainchild ye-Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant. Kwakuyibhizinisi ukuthi izindlu zikagesi ze-VL-80 zenzelwe futhi zenziwe kuzo zonke izinguquko zayo ezikhona. Kule ndawo yezimboni, umsebenzi womhlangano wenziwa kuphela, futhi zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo zinikezwa kwamanye amabhizinisi obunjiniyela bezwe. Ingqikithi, amayunithi angu-2746 akhiqizwa, kanti imoto yokugcina yaqala ngo-1995.

Ububanzi besicelo

Indawo yokusebenza kagesi i-VL-80 isebenza ngezinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla ezikhungweni zasekhaya nasezizweni zangaphandle (Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan).

Yonke imishini ye-locomotive ihlose ukusebenza nenethiwekhi yokuthintana ne- voltage ye-19-29 kV. Ukushisa okumile kungaba ku--50 kuya ku-40 degrees Celsius ngomswakama ofika ku-90% futhi ukuphakama kolwandle akuveli ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-1200.

Izici zokuklama

I-locomotive VL-80 isuka esangweni lombumbulu elenziwe ngezigaba ezimbili, nakuba ezinye zezinhlobo zendawo yokugesi zogesi zinezigaba ezintathu noma ezine, kodwa sizokhuluma ngalokhu ngemuva kwesikhathi.

Uma sicabangela ingxenye engxenyeni ye-VL80, siyaqaphela ukuthi limelelwa ngamabhalleli amabili ahambisana naso, lapho amafomu awo enza khona. Ukufaka izintambo zohlobo lwe-roller kufakwe phakathi kwefreyimu ye-trolley ngosizo lwama-block blocks (lezi zingxenyana zensimbi zensimbi). Kusukela emabhaleni kuya emzimbeni, amandla okuqhaqhazela kanye nokugxila adluliselwa nge-pivots - izintambo zokubambisana kwe-swivel. Ngamanzi, izimoto ezinikezela ukuhamba kwezindlu zokuhlala zilungiswa ngokumiswa kwe-axial. Uhlobo lwezimoto - НБ-418К6. Kusukela injini ukuya emabini wesondo, ukushintshaniswa kudluliselwa ngamagesi amabili angama-gear gelical anekhanda elanele ngokwanele. Njengoba kulesi gear amazinyo wegiya anesifiso esithile, amandla axial ayitholakali ngokuphelele gearing, okuyinto ngokuphawulekayo kunciphisa umthwalo on the drive futhi kwandisa impilo yesevisi izingxenye.

Imishini yesigaba

Izakhiwo zokugesi zikaVL-80 kuzo zonke izigaba zayo zihlomele:

• I-Pantograph, ephethe umqoqo wamanje ngenethiwekhi yokuxhumana. Itholakala ngokuqondile ngenhla yebhayisikili.
• Ukushintsha okukhulu kwe-VOV-25M.
• I-Traction transformer nge-motor-pump ye-oyela uhlobo.
• Ukufakwa kokubili kokulungisa kabusha.
• Umlawuli oyinhloko.
• Isihlukanisi sesigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwesigaba sesithathu, esetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngamamori okufakelwa kwamanye amayunithi abasizayo.
• Abalandeli bamane abane, abenza ukupholisa kwemishini ehlukahlukene nokucindezela komzimba womuzi. Amamori amabili anjalo aphuza imoto ngayinye ye-traction kagesi.
• I-Compressor KT-6EL ekwenzeni umoya odingekayo ukuze usebenze ngendlela evamile yesistimu ye-braking, amayunithi kagesi, ukuvimbela ikamelo eliphezulu eliphezulu, ukunikeza izimpawu zomsindo ngezwi elihlukahlukene, ukuqhutshwa kwomoya we-ignition of the glassers.

I-Transformer

Ehlonyelwe ukuqhutshwa kwe-traction nokufaka izidingo zayo siqu ngamandla angenalutho ka-399 V (okulinganiselwe umthwalo ngu-380 V), okusiza amandla amaningi okujikeleza okusizayo. Ezimweni zokushintshashintsha okuphawulekayo emiphakathini yenethiwekhi yokuxhumana, i-voltage yama-motors asizayo iqiniswa ngamathinta amabili anezivolumu zayo ezingu-210 V no-630 V. Ukushintshwa kwabo kwengu-transformer kwenzeka ngesandla. Ezinjini eziyinhloko, ukulungiswa kwamandla kagesi kwenzeka ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokusebenza komshayeli.

Ubuqili bokuphatha

Ukuhambisa izindlu zikagesi kungenxa yenguquko emotweni esetshenziselwa imoto ngayinye yokuhamba. Kunoma yikuphi ukuguqulwa okukhona kwe-VL-80 (ngaphandle kwe-VL-80P), umthamo we-TED ulawulwa ngokushintsha ngaphansi kokulayisha izindawo zokuguqula i-transformer usebenzisa i-master control controller. Ukuze kukhishwe ukuthi kungenzeka ukuqhutshwa kwamanje ngesikhathi sokushintshwa kwesimo phakathi kwe-transformer kanye nomlawuli, kusetshenziswe i-reactor yesikhashana, eyenza ukushintshwa kokulayishwa ngokweqile usebenzisa inductance yayo ephakeme.

Njengoba izakhi zidlula kuzo imifudlana elula kakhulu, kulokhu kuxhumene nabo abenziwa ngeyakhemikhali ekhethekile yelahle. Ngokuphelele, i-electrocontroller (ECG) iqukethe cishe amakhilogremu angu-12 esiliva. I-ECG inikwe amandla yi-DC motor ene-voltage ye-50 V kanye namandla angama-watts angu-500, lapho kuqala khona ukuvuthwa kombane kagesi kuyanciphisa ukukhanya futhi kuncishise umthamo ezindaweni zokulawula.

Isivinini se-VL-80R ye-electrical locomotive, lapho isilawuli esikhulu kagesi esingekho khona, ilawulwa ngendlela ehlukile. Futhi kule ndawo yokuqhafaza kukhona ukukhwabanisa okuvuselelayo, okuqinisekisa ukubuya kwamandla kagesi asetshenziswe emuva kwinethiwekhi.

Izinketho

Izakhiwo zokugesi zikaVL-80, izici zobuchwepheshe zazo ezikhonjisiwe ngezansi, zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha izithuthi zomgibeli. Izinkomba ezisemqoka zalomshini yizi:

• Ubude buyi-32480 mm.
• Ukuphakama (kulinganiswa kusuka ekhanda lesitimela kuya kubagijimi beqoqo lamanje elitholayo) ngu-5100 mm.
• Amandla amahora angama-6520 kW.
• Amandla amakhulu amakhulu angama-4501 amathani.
• Isivinini siyi-51.6 km / h.
• Amandla kwimodi yesikhathi eside - 6160 kW.
• Amandla okudonsa ngemodi yokusebenza ende - amathani angu-40.9.
• I-force traction ngesikhathi sokuqala kwenhlangano ingama-65 amathani.

Amamodeli

Ama-locomotives kagesi e-NEVZ akhiqizwa emiklamo ehlukahlukene futhi ngakho-ke ububanzi bawo bobubanzi bukhulu kakhulu. Ake siwahlole ngokuningiliziwe.

I-VL-80T

Ingxenye yayo engumakhi iqukethe izingxenye ezine futhi ibeke ngaphansi kwezimoto ezingenayo. Isigaba ngasinye sinama-couplers auto-CA-3 emaphethelweni ayo.

Ama-trolleys ayenziwe ngegoli lomshini, okunamathiselwe kokuphela kwe-tubular kanye namagceke angaphansi kwesigaba sebhokisi. Yonke amandla ethinta izindlu zikagesi ziyadluliselwa ngokumiswa kwesisu. Izijikelezi zokulawula ziqukethe ama-breaker circuit ezishintsha amafomu afakwe ngaphambili . Futhi, uhlelo lokuphuza umoya luye lwashintshwa kancane: ama-corridors adlula ngokukhululekile, ukuhamba kwesokunxele kuncishisiwe futhi kukhuliswe ophahleni. Isifunda segesi se-locomotive senze izinguquko. Ngokuyinhloko, i-rheostat esebenzayo ephezulu, ama-resistance resistant, ama-switches afakiwe. Konke lokhu kwaholela ekulungiselelweni kabusha kwezinto ezikhona.

Incwadi yokufundisa ye-locomotive kagesi ithi ngesikhathi sokufika esitimeleni isivinini sayo akufanele sidlule u-3 km / h. Lokhu kuqeda ngokuphelele ithuba lokushaya isisu futhi akulimazi i-coupler okuzenzakalelayo.

I-VL-80S

Isici esihlukile salolu phuzu lwegesi ngukuthi kulowo mshini angakwazi ukushayela izingxenye ezintathu noma ngaphezulu kusuka ku-console eyodwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokuba uhlelo lwezinyunithi eziningi luqalisiwe.

Imishini yemishini nesezimboni zendawo yokuqashisa cishe ifana ne-VL-80T, noma kunjalo futhi kukhona umehluko:

• Kuvele i-alamu, ebonisa ukusebenza kwezigaba ezengeziwe ezixhunyiwe.
• Ukuxhumeka okungaxhunyiwe kwe-inter-electric kuye kwasungulwa.

Kancane kancane, izinguquko ezihlukahlukene zenziwa isitimela sezimoto VL-80C ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuthembeka komshini nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, ama-motors kagesi amasha angenawo ama-ANE-225L4UHL2 afakwe esikhundleni se-AE-92-4. Futhi ngo-1985 kwafakwa onobuhle abaningana ababhekana ne-TED. Ukwanda kwezici zomuntu ngamunye isakhiwo kanye nokwethulwa kwamayunithi amasha kuholele ekutheni isisindo esiphezulu somkhiqizo senyuliwe, futhi isibalo esisha sokuqokwa kwamathani angu-192 sifakiwe.

Ukusebenza kwalesi sitimela ezimweni zasebusika kudinga izinyathelo ezikhethekile ezifana nalezi:

• Ukushisa amafutha ehlobo ebusika.
• Ukuqeda ukuvuza okukhona ezikhungweni zamanholes, phansi kanye nezinye izindawo zomzimba.
• Hlola isimo sebhethri.
• Ukubukezwa kwezingubo ze-axle kanye namagesi.

I-VL-80R

Le nqola kagesi yasungulwa ngokucabangela ukwehluleka okudlule futhi yathola ukuthi kungenzeka ukuguqulwa kabusha kokuvuselela. Futhi kwakuyi-locomotive yokuqala kagesi yokuqala, lapho kwakukhona khona umlayezo we-thyristor we-current alternating. Kule mishini, abalawuli behlobo lwe-KME-80 bafakiwe. Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lemishini yokusebenza yendawo yokuhlala, abalandeli beCVP64-14 basetshenzisiwe. Izakhiwo zomgwaqo kagesi zale modeli zazibandakanyeka njengezokuthutha izitimela ezitimeleni esifundeni saseKrasnoyarsk, emigwaqeni emikhulu yaseMpumalanga neSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ngendlela, into ephawulekayo: i-VL-80T - 1685 yayihilelekile ohlelweni lokuqopha le filimu ethi "Magistral", eyaba yintandokazi phakathi kwabasebenzi abanomsebenzi wesitimela.

Ikhishi lale nqola lifana ne-VL-80T, kodwa kunemibono emibili:

• Ekhoneni elingenhla eliphezulu le-VL-80R kukhona ibhodi ekhethekile enezibani eziyisishiyagalombili, ngasinye esibonisa isimo sokushintsha kwesigaba esisheshayo.
• Umlawuli we-machinist wenza ngesimo sesondo, hhayi isikebhe.

I-VL-80K

Isigaba ngasinye salesi sigodi segesi kuze kufike ku-No. 380 sinezimoto ezimbili ze-centrifugal ezinekhono lika-40 kW ngalinye, ezazisetshenziselwa ukupholisa ama-motor traction asekhona. Abathandi bahamba emoyeni ngokusebenzisa izimpumputhe ezisehlangothini olungakwesokudla kodonga lomzimba.

Kusukela ku-No. 380, lo mnqamulajuqu wawunezikhulu zamasondo amabili we-centrifugal, okwakwenza umoya uphuze ngokusebenzisa izimpumputhe ezihlangothini.

I-VL-80SM

Lolu hlobo lwezakhiwo zomgogodla kagesi lwaqala ukukhiqizwa ngo-1991 futhi lwakhiqizwa iminyaka emine kuphela.

Ngokuhlelekile kwakungeyona into ehluke kakhulu ku-VL-80S. Nokho, kwakukhona izinguquko ezithile. Ngakho, ama-buffers nama-spotlights ophahleni lwendawo yokuqashisa baye bashintsha ukumiswa kwabo kancane. Ekubukeni, bekufana ne-VL-85.

I-VL-80M

Indawo yokusebenza kagesi, eyasetshenziselwa uhlelo olukhethekile lokwenza ukulungiswa kwezimoto zamathuluzi okusebenzisa ama-voltage ngokusebenzisa uhlobo lwe-Vip-4000M yokuguqula-inverter. Futhi, izinjini eziphambili ze-NB-418KR zafakwa.

I-locomotive ifakwe uhlelo lokulawula ngokusebenzisa i-microprocessor ubuchwepheshe nokuxilonga. Ihlinzeka kokubili ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo nokuzenzekelayo kwendawo yokugesi kagesi, iqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okunokwethenjelwa ngokumelene nokushiya futhi i-yuz, ilawula okwamanje ukukhushulwa kwimodi yokuvuselela kabusha, ilawula amadivaysi oxhumana naye futhi ihlolisise yonke imishini yomshini we-multi-ton.

Iphaneli lokulawula le-locomotive seliba yi-ergonomic nakakhulu futhi elula. Izimo zomoya nezihlalo ezintsha zomshayeli nomsizi wakhe zaqala ukusetshenziswa.

Isondlo

Ukulungiswa kwama-locomotives kagesi ku-VL kwenziwa ngezincazelo ezimbili:

1. Ukulungiswa okulinganiselwe - kwenziwa ngokuletha izinga lokuqala lezimpawu zokusebenza, kanye nokubuyiselwa okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kokusebenza kwezingxenye nezinhlangano eziyinhloko (ukuhlolwa nokulungiswa kwezintambo, amapayipi nabanye).
2. Ukuqedwa - buyisela imithombo yezingxenye zonke ezicashile nezingxenye. Uma kunesidingo, ukuguqulwa okuphelele kwezingxenye ezigqamile. Umshini, eqinisweni, uqonda kuze kube yisikrini ngasinye.

Ngaphambi kweyodwa yalezi zinhlobo zokukhishwa okukhulunywe ngenhla, izindlu zokugcina ugesi zihlanjululwa ukungcola nokuthungwa, ziqothulwe ezindaweni zomhlangano, ezizohlolwa ngokucophelela ukuze zihlolwe izinga lokugqoka nokukhala kwazo. Ngesikhathi sokugeza imishini kagesi, zonke izintambo kanye nemishini yilezi zithengiswa ngokuthembekile ekungeneni kwezixazululo zokuzivikela.

Ama-locomotives kagesi asekelwe ku-VL-80

Ukuhlelwa kwe-VL-80 yokuvota kagesi kuye kwaba lula futhi kucabangela ukuthi uchungechunge lonke lwamanye ama-locomotives akhiqizwa ngesisekelo. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka ka-1999, i- Demikhovsky Machine Building Plant yakha izitimela ezine ze-ED1, ezinezimoto eziyishumi kanye ne-ED9T ngokuqondile, futhi kusukela kokubili kokugcina isitimela izimoto ezinkulu zishintshwa yizigaba ze-VL80s. I-ED 1 yanikezwa esiteshini somgwaqo oseMpumalanga Ekude naseKhabarovsk-2. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2009 zonke lezi izitimela zaqedwa ngokuphelele.

Ngo-2001, kwadalwa iphrojekthi yokwenza izitimela ezimbili zesimiso ngokunethezeka okwandisiwe. Ngalokhu, izimoto zikagesi ED4DK zisetshenzisiwe, ezafakwa phakathi kwezigaba ze-DC ne-AC.

Ekupheleni kuka-2001, i-DMZ yakha isitimela se-ED4DK-001, ohlangothini olulodwa lwalo lwalesi sigaba samanje seVL-10-315, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-VL-80T-1138. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nokuqhubeka komsebenzi kwacaca ukuthi ukusebenza okuhlanganyelwe kwalezi zingxenye ezimbili akunakwenzeka ngezizathu zobuchwepheshe. Ukuqinisekiswa okuphawulekayo kwalokhu kwakuyisigaba se-VL-10-315 esishiswe phansi.

Isiphetho

Isitimela sokuthutha i-VL-80 samukelwa ngokubanzi emphakathini wethu ukuthi abadali bamageyimu wekhompyutha bawasebenzisa nakwezinye izikhukhula zabo - iTrovenroad Tycoon 3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhophi enokwethenjelwa yendawo yokuhlala kagesi ithola indawo yayo kumdlalo we-STALKER