Umshini gun "Maxim", American, isiNgisi kanye nesiRashiya

Esiphethweni sefilimu ye-Soviet yakudala ethi "Chapayev" umlingisi oyinhloko uthatha ukulwa kwakhe kokugcina egodini le-White House elizungezwe indlu. Abase-besiegers balungisa imoto eboshwe ngemishini nge-gun-gun and squat nxazonke. Kukhona ukukhala kweglasi ephukile, futhi kusuka efasiteleni le-mezzanine kubonakala umlilo obulalayo obhekene nesibindi.

Lapha, uVasily Ivanovich uhamba ngemikhumbi, ehamba ngamahloni nge-zagrebyaya kuphela, futhi kusukela emgodleni uqhuma ama-Cossacks, imigqa, iqoqwe futhi ekugcineni inembile. Ukuhlanganisa zonke lezi zigcawu yilokho kokubili amaqembu aphikisayo asebenzisa uhlobo olufanayo lwe- isikhali esheshayo somlilo - isibhamu seMasxim.

Abantu baseSoviet babeqiniseka ukuthi kwakunemvelaphi yekhaya kuphela, ngisho negama layo lizwakala njengegama elilula lesiRussia. Futhi, ngiyakhumbula enye i-movie, "i-Maxim's Youth". Iqiniso, futhi indawo yokudlela yaseParis idume futhi. "Akukhona yini ukuhlonipha isibhamu somshini?" - izimangaliso ze-proletarian.

Konke kunzima kakhulu. Umshini wezibhamu "Maxim" (ngokugcizelela isilawuli sokuqala) wabizwa ngokuthi umqambi wawo, i-American Hayram Stevens Maxim. Ngo-1883, wanikela inzalo yakhe e-US Army, kodwa wenqatshwa. Izwe elinokuthula lezolimo ezimbonini, elihlukanisiwe neYurophu ngasolwandle, alidingi izikhali ezinamandla kakhulu zokubhujiswa okukhulu.

Enye into - iBrithani nayo yonke ikoloni yayo, ngemva kwalokho iso neso ... Lapha balalela ngokucophelela umqambi wezinjini futhi babonisa isifiso sokwenza umyalelo wezwe. Kanye nabafowethu uVickers (amadodana), u-Hyrym Stevens ubhalisile ibhizinisi, umkhiqizo omkhulu owawungumshini wokusebenzisa umshini "Maxim", owawusizo kakhulu empini ye-Anglo-Boer.

Ukunikezwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwaqala futhi. Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe besampula esisha kwakungavamile ngaleso sikhathi. Ibutho elibulalayo lahlala endaweni eqhele ngamakhilomitha, izinga lomlilo lifana nelinye le "Kalashnikov" yanamuhla - imijikelezo engu-10 ngomzuzwana.

Isibhamu somshini "Maxim" sasilula futhi sinokwethenjelwa. Ukuhambisa ibhande le-cartridge nokuvala i-shutter, kusetshenzisiwe amandla, futhi ukupholisa kombhobho kwenziwa ngamanzi, okumele kugcwaliswe endaweni yokugubha. Ukubala kwavikelwa emlilweni wezitha ngebhasi elibanjwe ngefomu elihle. Zonke izingxenye zahlanganiswa ukuze kulungiswe ukulungisa emkhakheni. Ukuhambisa izikhali ezinzima kwaqondiswa yi-chasse yesondo noma i-sleigh chassis lapho umbhede wawubekwe khona.

Izimfanelo ezinjalo zazihlala zikhona ngezikhali zaseRussia, ngakho-ke umshini wamaphoyisa uMaxim ngemva kokuthola amasampula wokuqala embusweni wamakhosi (ngonyaka we-1900) wathola inhlonipho yamasosha. Wabiza okuningi, ama-ruble angu-500, futhi ukuze anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwempi, ngo-1910, ukukhiqizwa kwakhe ngaphansi kwelayisensi kwaqala eRussia.

Izinguquko ezenziwe yilo mfanekiso zihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi iqhwa ukuze lipholile, ngenxa yalokhu intamo ye-casing yanda. Ukuze ugweme ukuxhomeka ekungeneni kwezinhlamvu, ukulinganisa "i-Maxim" yaseRussia e-Tula kwakusungulwa ngaphansi kwe-cartridge ejwayelekile emithathu.

Njengezinto eziningi zobuciko zobuciko, lesi gun gun sasiphambi kwesikhathi saso. I-Red Army ne-Navy yasetshenziswa kakhulu isibhamu somshini "Maxim" ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu yePatriotic. Ukufakwa kwamapayipi okulwa nemikhumbi, okwakhiwa ngamabhaluni angu-quadruple ane-trigger esebenzisanayo, wabonisa ukuphumelela kwawo ekulweni nezindiza zokuhlasela emhlabathini waseJalimane, futhi abasebenzisa ngobuchule basebenzisa lo mlilo wokuzivikela emisebenzini yokuzivikela nokuhlambalaza kuze kufike ngo-1944, lapho kwenziwa imiklamo eminingana eyinkimbinkimbi.