Umgwaqo omkhulu waseBaikal: ukwakha kabusha (isithombe)

Ipheshana laseBaikal lide kakhulu nesikhathi eside kunazo zonke esifundeni sase-Irkutsk, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu eRussia. Ixhuma idolobha elilodwa kuphela nezindawo ezimbalwa, kodwa linomsebenzi wesifundazwe. Usuku ngalunye kudlula izimoto ezingaba ngu-20 000.

Isizathu salesi simo esiphakeme silula: iphuzu lokugcina lomzila, indawo yokuqedela kuyo yizindawo ezivakashelwayo zendawo yokuvakasha e-Listvyanka, ephakathi kwamadwala naseLake Baikal. Lena indlela emfushane kakhulu echibini elijulile. Ephakathi kwehlathi elihle kakhulu emaceleni omabili emgwaqweni kukhona izindawo zokuhlala ezincane - lezi zindawo ezinhle kulabo abathanda ukuhlala emoyeni omusha ngemaminithi ambalwa edonsela edolobheni.

Umlando wepheshana le-Baikal

Ipheshana leBaikal lafakwa ekhulwini le-18, ngaleso sikhathi lalinalo igama elihlukile - i-Overseas. Indawo lapho i-Baikal iqala khona - i-Irkutsk: umgwaqo uxhumene nomuzi wesifunda saseTrans-Baikal, ungasetshenziswa kuphela ebusika, lapho iqhwa elwandle liphuma - ngaphesheya kweLotevyanka umzila udlula emahlathini amaqhwa aseLake Baikal. Bathatha ikakhulu imeyili, abahambi neziboshwa. Ehlobo ukukhulumisana phakathi kwezifunda kwenziwa ngensizakalo yenkampani yokuthumela.

Sekuyisikhathi eside umgwaqo uhlala emgwaqweni wezwe, i-asphalt ivele kuphela kuma-60s ekhulwini lokugcina. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-Irkans kufanele ibonge abaseMelika ngokubonakala kwepheshana le-asphalt esifundeni: isifunda sasilungiselela ukuvakashelwa okungaqondakali kweqembu laseMelika eliholwa nguMengameli uLake Baikal, eliyigugu lomhlaba we-UNESCO. AmaMelika akakafiki, kodwa izakhamuzi zase-Irkutsk zithole umgwaqo omuhle ode nobude bamakhilomitha angu-68. Uhambo olwaluhamba ngephephandaba iBaikal eliya echibini laba yisibopho sokuvakashela i-Irkutsk.

Izindawo zokuhlala ezisemgwaqweni

Indawo enabantu abaningi kunendawo engaba ngu-12 km wepheshana laseBaikal: lapha kukhona amadolobhana angama-cottage Novorozvodnaya, Molodezhny, uNoaya Lisicha. Abantu basekhaya bayakhetha ngokuzithandela lezi zindawo: amadolobhana amaminithi angu-10 kuphela edolobheni, kanti umoya lapha uhlanzekile, futhi isimo siyingqayizivele njengaseBaikal ngokwayo.

Okuqhubekayo emgwaqeni omkhulu kunemizana: Burdakovka, Butyrki, Burduguz, Bolshaya rechka, imizi yase-Angarsk, iNikola. Umgwaqo uphela edolobheni laseLotevyanka eduze nelwandle lwaseBaikal.

Iphrojekthi "ipheshana le-Baikal": kabusha

Umbuzo wokwakhiwa kabusha kwepheshana ube ukhululekile isikhathi eside: umgwaqo ukhula njalo ngonyaka odlule ngezindawo ezintsha kanye nezifunda, kuze kube amakhilomitha angu-28 kunabantu abangaphezu kuka-15 000. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bekungekho ama-denouements, izingxabano eziyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni, okwenze ukuthi ipheshana iBaikal liyingozi. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwaba yinkinga yesikhathi kanye nezimali. Umgwaqo ogcweleyo wawugcwele ukuphenduka okungalindelwe, ngakwesinye isiqondiso esisodwa kuphela esasetshenziswa, okwenza umgwaqo ube yingozi futhi ubulale: iningi labantu labulawa lapha minyaka yonke.

Umkhankaso weBaikal Trakt wahilela izigaba eziningana. Owokuqala, ngokuphathelene nengxenye ebaluleke kunayo yonke kusuka ku-8 ukuya ku-12 km yomzila, waqala ngo-June 2015. Iprojekthi enkulu yokwandisa umgwaqo, insizakalo yomgwaqo esifundeni sase-Irkutsk ithenjiswe ukuthi igcwaliswe ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, kodwa isakhiwo esinamaphesenti angaba ngu-9 sanikezwa ngaphambi kwesimiso. Ngaphandle kokubuyisa komgwaqo omkhulu owakhiwe ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-4, kwakhiwa izingqungquthela ezingu-2 zanamuhla, amacilverti, ama-overpasses amabili, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kufakwe. Umgwaqo washintsha futhi washintsha okungaphezu kokuqaphela: imigwaqo yaba yinkangala futhi iphephile ngenxa yokukhanyisa nokuhlukanisa. Ukudwengula kuyacatshangelwa ngokucophelela: le mikhawulo ayihambisani nanoma yikuphi, ukunyakaza kunokulinganisela, futhi izinkomba eziyinhloko zilayishwa.

Ukuqhubeka okuhleliwe kokuvuselelwa komzila

Le phrojekthi "iBaikal Trakt", okwakhiwa kabusha okungakapheli, yahlelwa kuze kufike ngo-2017, ngakho-ke umsebenzi uzoqhubeka kuze kube ngamakhilomitha angu-39. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, inkonzo yomgwaqo esifundeni sase-Irkutsk izobhekana nesigaba somgwaqo kusuka ku-12 kuya ku-17 km, isigaba esilandelayo sizoba yisigaba esivela ku-17 ukuya ku-21 km wepheshana iBaikal. Umgwaqo uzokwandiswa ube imigwaqo emine, eceleni kwethrekhi izofakwa futhi ukukhanyisa, kuhlelwe ukubeka izingxoxo ezimbili zanamuhla ezingezansi.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwepheshana leBaikal yiprojekthi ebiza kakhulu. Umzila ugijima ehlathini, futhi ukuze ukwandise ukuhamba kwawo, kubalulekile ukwenza umsebenzi we-geodetic ukuhlanza nokulungisa isikhala zombili zomgwaqo.

Umgwaqo omkhulu waseBaikal nomgwaqo omkhulu we-M55

Umgwaqo omkhulu waseBaikal uyingxenye yomgwaqo omkhulu we -M55, ohlanganisa i-Irkutsk ne-Chita ngamakhilomitha angaphezu kwenkulungwane. Imikhankaso yomgwaqo iBaikal evela eningizimu, iziphambano iBuryatia, imifula Selengu neKhilok . Ngakho-ke, ngale ndlela enye ingafinyelela eTransbaikalia, iqhube i-lake.

Umgwaqo uyigugu kakhulu: ihlathi elixubekile endaweni yesifunda sase-Irkutsk ithathelwa indawo yezintaba ezinamapulangwe aphezulu esigodini saseToukinskaya eBuryatia. Amahhashi adla emgwaqweni, izindlu - izikhumbuzo zaseSiberia naseBuryat. E-Kultuk - iphuzu eliseningizimu yeLake Baikal, abahambi bajabulela umbono ovelele wechibi: ama-expanses angenakubalwa eLwandle iBaikal ehlangene nezulu elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amahlathi aneziqhwa zeqhwa abonisa ubukhulu nokuphelela kohlobo lwalezi zindawo.

Kodwa-ke, umzila ugcwele izingozi eziningi zabahambi: umgwaqo omncane futhi ohamba phambili, umthambeka okhuphukayo nokukhuphuka, izindawo ezinokubonakala okunciphile - konke lokhu kudinga ukugxila okuphezulu nokukhathazeka kumshayeli.

Indawo yokugcina yepheshana leBaikal

Umzana weLotevyanka uyindawo yokugcina eya e-Baikal ipheshana. Ukwakhiwa kabusha ngezindlela eziningi kwaba khona ngenxa yale ndawo yokuhlala encane, eyaba "iMecca yezokuvakasha" yaseSiberia. Le ndlela yindlela encane kakhulu yokufinyelela ogwini lolwandle lwaseBaikal. Umgwaqo ophakeme kakhulu uyakwazi ukuletha kulezi zindawo eziyingqayizivele kusuka e-Irkutsk ngehora elilodwa. Ngo-Listvyanka ungazitholela ngokunethezeka kwelinye lamahotela ase-upscale, zama iBaikal omul ukushisa okushisayo nokubandayo, uthenge izikhumbuzo, uphumule ogwini.

Phumla ku-Listvyanka

U-Listvyanka unamamyuziyamu nezinqaba zezizinda zokwakha: isonto lasendulo lezinkuni laseSt. Nicholas, i-Nerpinariy, i-Baikal Museum, i-Astrophysical Observatory. Nansi i-shaman-stone, eyayiba yinhloko emphakathini wendawo. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, lapho indodakazi engalaleli yendoda endala iBaikal Angara (umfula kuphela ogeleza ophuma echibini), wanquma ukuphunyuka ngaphansi kokuphathwa kukababa oqinile, wamphonsa itshe ngemva kwakhe. Manje leli tshe likhona endaweni lapho lo mfula uvela khona, ungabonakala kalula kusuka kwelinye lamapulatifomu amaningi okubuka.