I-Tank "Challenger-2": incazelo yemiklamo, izici zobuchwepheshe, ukuvikelwa kwezikhali, izikhali

Challenger 2 iyona British ibutho ithangi wokuqala kusukela Second neMpi Yezwe futhi esasiklanyelwe, bethuthuka futhi ezivezwa inkontileka ematheni Vickers Defense Systems. Imodeli sidalwe futhi ekhiqizwa Izimboni yenkampani ezimbili, Barnbow (Leeds) kanye Scottswood (Newcastle).

Izici Key

Umzimba nezingxenye zisekelwe model of esasisandulele Challenger 1, okuyinto usebhekene ngcono ezingaphezu kuka-150 lokuhloswe ngato ekwenteni ncono nokwethenjelwa maintainability (tank Izithombe ziboniswa esibukweni kamuva kulesi sihloko). Tower "Challenger 2" yazuza umklamo entsha ngokuphelele. Lona evikelwe kakhulu NATO armored, ifakwe inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye ophoqelelwe chobemskoy multilayer zempi. Isimiso Sokuthungatha yenuzi, begazi futhi amakhemikhali ukuvikelwa NBC kungaba ukuvikela zonke izinsongo ezaziwa, futhi ethangini lokuqala British, okuyinto kuleli gumbi engangikulo nezisebenzi kungenziwa ukufuthelana futhi selehlile.

I kwezikhali main yakhiwa 120mm rifled isibhamu L30, othomathikhi isibhamu 7.62mm Mcdonnell Douglas helicopter Systems, okuyinto vele enkonzweni e- British Army futhi igibele ngomshini ukulwa imoto GKN Defense iQhawe, futhi 7,62 mm anti-aircraft machine gun. Uhlelo lokulawula umlilo iyikhompyutha digital iyinkampani waseCanada CDC yisihumusho ngcono imodeli eyasungulwa American M1A1 Abrams. Unakho yokunakekela ukwanda kwesikhathi esizayo, njenge ukuxhuma ukulwa ukulawula ulwazi uhlelo lokuzula amathuluzi. Crew "Challenger 2" 4, nokulwa kwakhe isisindo 62,5 m. I tank iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa esiphezulu onguthelawayeka ngesivinini 56 km / h futhi has inqolobane 250 km endleleni kanye onguthelawayeka 450 km.

umlando imodeli

Challenger 2 phrojekthi ihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukukhiqizwa 386 main impi amathangi (MBT), 22 izimoto for ukuqeqeshwa abashayeli, amagobolondo charm 3 kanye iphakethe egcwele ukwesekwa yokudla, kuhlanganise imishini ukuqeqeshwa kanye izingxenye ezisele.

Inkampani "Vickers" kwaba inkontileka enkulu. Le nkampani yaqala umsebenzi ethangini ngoNovemba 1986 njengoba inkampani yangasese, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ngo-March 1987, uMnyango UK Wezokuvikela uhambise isampuli kuqala. Ngo-February 1988, inkontileka okufakiwe isiphakamiso esisemthethweni. Ngo-December 1988 kwamenyezelwa ukuthi VDS uwine ayizigidi ezingu-90 inkontileka esigabeni ukuboniswa, eyathatha uSepthemba 1990 30 Septhemba, 2002 inkampani igcwaliswe yokufuna Alvis Vickers. VDS imisebenzi aye ahlanganiswa namanye nge Alvis Izimoto Ltd. Ukuze bazuze ifa nedumela izinkampani ezimbili, kwanqunywa ukuba igama inkampani entsha Alvis Vickers Ltd. Kwatsi emva kwaloko zitholwa BAE ukwakha entsha Land Systems division, united Alvis futhi RO Wezokuvikela.

Ngo-June 1991, uhulumeni UK uye wanquma ukuthenga i-Challenger 2 futhi i-oda le imali eyizigidi ezingu-520. Amakhilogremu ngayinye amayunithi 127 we VLT futhi 13 ukuqeqeshwa amathangi. Ukukhiqizwa waqala ngo-1993, futhi kwanyatheliswa amakhophi okuqala zazinikezwa Julayi 1994. New British amathangi zavezwa ku VDS nezimboni Leeds futhi Newcastle. Ngo inqubo ukukhiqizwa futhi kwakuhilela okungaphezu 250 ababasebenzisayo (e t. H. Foreign). Phakathi kwabo, Royal Ordnance (okuyinhloko kanye ukwakhiwa kwezikhali zesibili) izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu, Blair Catton (amathrekhi) kanye Gec-Marconi (isiqondiso uhlelo).

izimoto British armored zidinga sesimanje olwengeziwe. Ngo-July 1994, VDS lithole enye i-oda nokulethwa 259 ukulwa kanye 9 ukuqeqeshwa imishini, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kanye nokwesekwa yokudla. Inani inkontileka zaba amakhilogremu ayizigidi ezingu-800.

Imashi ISRD nokwethenjelwa owawuse ngoJanuwari 1999 Yenzeka kusukela ngo-September kuya ku-December 1998 futhi abathintekayo ukuhlolwa 12 MBT landfills Bovington futhi Lulworth Bindon. Uhlolo abaphumelela, isb. A. Amathangi kwanelisa nezidingo ikhasimende hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi inezakhamuzi ezingalé kubo kuzo zonke izici.

Ngo-January 1998, i-Royal Scots Dragoon Guards eJalimane, olokuqala regiments eziyisithupha armored waqala izingalo CR2 futhi kwaba 38th ngo-June 1998. Ukudiliva baqhubeka futhi ekupheleni 2000. ngamunye we regiments eziyisithupha armored abangu zinakho konke futhi MBT iphakethe yayo ukwesekwa yokudla. Kugcine 386 ithangi "Challenger 2" lalimisa zilethwe emcimbini Salsibury Plain Septhemba 17, 2002.

Waphenduka wabheka la iqoqo onobuhle yesibili nomthelela yokufunda - kusukela elula odongeni amashadi kwikhompyutha simulators Gunners. Futhi inikeza ukuqeqeshwa impahla ukusekela Royal Onjiniyela yokulungisa amabutho ukusiza zokuxazulula inkinga, ukuhlolwa, ukulungisa, Samandla kanye uhlelo lokuqapha ukusebenza.

Atshalwa 6 regiments Royal Armored Corps e-United Kingdom futhi eJalimane MBT "Challenger 2" wavakashela Bosnia and Kosovo, ukuzivocavoca eCanada, Oman nePoland. Phakathi ukuhlolwa kanye umzimba bona Uye wawudlula Inkomba target nokwethenjelwa. amathangi British babehileleke ukusebenza "Freedom Iraq."

Ngo-July 2004, uMnyango UK Wezokuvikela yamemezela zinhlelo ukusika 7 squadrons armored (amayunithi mayelana 100) ngoMashi 2007 nokuguqulela i armored kwesimo endaweni ibutho. "Challenger 2E" imodeli lakhiwe ukuthekelisa futhi yakhelwe ukwenza imisebenzi ezindaweni nokhahlo. Ethangini lwavivinywa kakhulu Greece, Qatar and Saudi Arabia.

izikhali ezintsha

Ekuqaleni kuka-2004 BAE lithole inkontileka ukuthuthukisa 120-mm smoothbore isibhamu. Ngaphansi imigomo yenkontileka, ithangi "Challenger 2" kufanele ifakwe Rheinmetall L55 isibhamu, ukusetshenziswa ku MBT "Leopard 2A6", kwathi ngo-January 2006 waqala ukuhlolwa yayo.

ithuluzi Ballistic ngokuvumelana German 120mm L55, kodwa kungenzeka ngaphandle angena esikhaleni ngaphambili elalihlala L30. izikhali yamanje ezitolo rifled inganono emgqonyeni imbeleko yasibamba ngocingo housings, igesi esidayisa uhlelo kanye eksisi umgwaqo eksisi isibhamu emehlweni. Ngemva ukuhlolwa eJalimane njengenhlangano ithuluzi lwavivinywa e umdlalo static ogibele chassis we MBT "Centurion" maphakathi no-2005, futhi kamuva ngawo lowo nyaka, wagcina bafakwe "Challenger 2". Lokhu sesimanje avunyelwe amathangi British yasetshenziswa 120-mm izinhlamvu NATO ejwayelekile. Static labadubuli ihlolwa oqhuba ngalolo tinhloso letinengi udibi ukubhoboza projectiles 120 mm Rheinmetall DM53 APFSDS letinalokubalulekile ezivamile. Babonisa ukuthi DM53 izinhlamvu sinezici ungcono owedlule 120-mm-uranium isiyaphela.

Gulf War

"Challenger" yathengwa iBrithani Army emva Shah Iran liketulwa ne-oda uvinjiwe. It sadalwa ngomhlaka- base ethangini, "isikhulu", kodwa kwaba isheshe, uhlome kanye evikelwe, nakuba wahlushwa abampofu uhlelo lokulawula umlilo. "Challenger" aye wavumela ukuba nesimanje British Army iminyaka 10 ngaphambi kwe-okuhleliwe. Umshini lwenzelwe ehlane, kodwa akazange abe nethuba bazibonakalise ngaphambi kweMpi YaseGulf.

Le nkampani "Vickers" asizange siveze zonke izinqola zempi, kodwa kuphela ibutho lokugcina. "Challenger" yadalwa ngesikhathi isimo ROF ifektri e Leeds, okuyinto ngaphambi azimele Yaphinde yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-Royal Ordnance. Vickers walithenga ngaphambi nje kokuba kuphume umyalelo ukuyofunda kukhiqizwe Regiment 7th.

Ifakwe isibhamu 120-mm L11 A5, iphuzu kuphela ezibuthakathaka "Challenger" kwaba isimiso sakhe ukulawula umlilo, okuyinto ithuthukiselwe neMpi Gulf. Cannon ayengakwazi ukuphula 400 mm zempi futhi ababhubhise eliphi elinye ithangi Russian ne hit lokuqala. Cishe zonke izimoto armored e-Iraq zavezwa eRussia, futhi "Challenger" lalingabulawa kalula ukubhekana naso. Ngenxa yezindonga ezinkulu emoyeni ukwesekwa, kanye Arabhu, isiFulentshi futhi American umbimbi amathangi ngaphandle enkingeni kakhulu wafohla ngivikele Republican Guard. "Challenger" ngesikhatsi operation "Ugwadule Storm", ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ephezulu alufakwa squash ikhanda ngobubanzi eside, t. Ukuze. Ukuvikelwa Armored imishini Iraq bayilalele imithetho isiRashiya, nokusetshenziswa namandla kakhulu, kodwa ngaphansi yesikhathi eside izikhali obungenza yize.

Tower kanye nezindlu

Ubukhulu ethangini up 8,3h3,52h2,49 m ubude ngesibhamu ilingana 11,57 m Tank uphatha abasebenzi 4 abantu: .. uMlawuli, umdubuli kambayimbayi, umshayeli kanye Loader. Inikeza okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngempumelelo, ayimi ukulwa amakhono. induna indawo kwesokunene nezinhlanu ifakwe 8 periscope nge okwandisa 1x futhi 360 ° ukubukwa. Ukucindezela inkinobho ebomvu ngaphansi omunye wabo kuholela ukunyakaza umbhoshongo bese ubeka isikhundla ezifanele. Umdubuli kambayimbayi ahlale phambi nangaphansi induna Loader ngakwesokunxele. Beka Loader ifakwe periscope. cab Umshayeli sika phambi ethangini.

izikhali

I kwezikhali eyinhloko "Challenger 2" - 120mm rifled tank isibhamu L30 ezivezwa a division of Royal Odinensi British Aerospace Ltd Inkampani e Nottingham. L30 design kuhlanganisa enamathela-chrome, ukudala indawo eqinile futhi bushelelezi kwangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke inikeza ngesivinini futhi, ikhono eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini we projectile, lokhu akwenze ngokunemba okukhulu futhi kunciphisa emgqonyeni bafake. tank Cannon eyenziwe engagqwali electroslag ukuncibilika ezishisayo bezinhlamvu ukushisa namakhaza. It is unikezwe ukuqondanisa uhlelo-eksisi nge eksisi optical emehlweni kokukhwehlela amagesi kusukela emgqonyeni. Umbhoshongo kungenziwa rotated ngokusebenzisa 360 °, kanye mpo labadubuli range kusuka -10 ° kuya + 20 °.

Kulandzelana kwalokucuketfwe lokuhleliwe ukuthola nokubhujiswa Okuqondiwe yenzelwe lula ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ukulwa. Kusenjalo eqondileyo static futhi ezihambayo emini noma ebusuku. Umdubuli kambayimbayi noma induna sextant uphawu siyamanisa ngenhloso, chofoza inkinobho ye-laser uhla othole, bese - inkinobho umlilo.

L30 imililo 120-mm nezinhlamvu. Ammunition kuyinto amayunithi 50, futhi ingase ihlanganise zempi ukubhoboza projectiles nge isimame futhi ugqoko detachable (APFSDS), udibi Ukubhoboza alufakwa (HESH) noma intuthu. I isibhamu iyakwazi nokuba mbaxa kokudubula projectiles nge core uranium mpilo (DU) nenkokhiso labadubuli Shestov. I kwabantu uranium mpilo imayelana 2.5 izikhathi kunakunoma steel, esihlinzeka Ukungena ikhono eliphezulu. Futhi DU L30 ayingxenye "inganono-igobolondo ophethe» Charm 1. A uhlelo njengoba charm 3, lapho umnyombo uranium mpilo has a ubude: Isikhanyiso esikhulu ukuze ubukhulu isilinganiso ukwandisa ikhono eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini. Ammunition nge ukulayisha ahlukene agcinwe ngaphansi ring turret e nezinqola zempi.

isibhamu siqhutshwa uhlelo kagesi ngokugcwele isiqondiso njengoba sinjalo inkampani Gec Marconi Radar nokuvikela Systems (Leicester). Tank "Challenger 2" ifakwe 7,62 mm inganono othomathikhi Mcdonnell Douglas, esemgwaqweni ngakwesokunxele we isibhamu esikhulu. Ukushaja kwesokunxele ahlomile 7.62mm antiaircraft machine gun uhlobo L37A2, ogibele Dome.

Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ngaphambili umbhoshongo itholakala inkampani 5 intuthu amabhomu Helio Mirror (Kent, UK). "Challenger 2" Kanti liyakwazi esungula sesikrini intuthu ngokujova diesel ohlelweni qeda yenjini.

Ethangini ifakwe ejwayelekile lempi idatha ibhasi Military Standard 1553. I computer ukulawula umlilo kuyinto Computing idivayisi digital Computing Amadivayisi Inkampani (Ontario, Canada). It kungenziwa enwetshiwe, isibonelo, uhlelo Imininingwane zempi, navigation noqeqesho.

Ngo-2004-BAE lithole inkontileka ukuthuthukisa 120-mm smoothbore isibhamu. Kuze kube yimanje, inkampani German Rheinmetall L55 isibhamu enikeziwe amasampula, kusethelwe ku- "Leopard 2A." , Isampula eyodwa kuphela yalungiswa, okwakubekelwa Nokho ihlolwe ngoJanuwari 2006 Tungsten DM53 yabonisa kusebenta sibe sikhulu kunesihlalo charm 3, ukuze kuqaliswe yayo udinga ukushintsha uhlelo "isikhali projectile ophethe".

izinzwa

Gyro-uhlaliseke umkhuzi emehlweni futhi uyisibonelo VS 580-10 inkampani SFIM Industries (France). Iyunithi engenhla VS 580, oqukethe gyro uhlaliseke emehlweni-panoramic kanye electronics, ogibele ophahleni lombhoshongo. Rangefinder laser esekelwe Nd: YAG lishumekwe inhlangano Lesisemkhatsini ohlanganisa ingxenye engenhla kanye aphansi inhlangano telescopic okuyindawo ehlanganisa uhlelo optical ukuqapha, ukulawula inhlukano-electronics, uhlelo njengoba sinjalo. Ekukhunjulwa ihlinzeka ensimini isiyingi umbono ngaphandle kokuba ukuthi ujikise ikhanda lakhe. ukubukwa ububanzi ukulungiswa kuyinto ± 35 °. Inkambu umbono yokukhanya ilingana 3,2x 16,5 °, kodwa okwandisa 10,5h - 5 °.

I TOGS imager II Pilkington Optronics (Glasgow, UK) inikeza umbono ebusuku. Isebenzisa TICM British 2. inzwa imager efakwe ngaphakathi barbettes armored ngenhla inganono. Microcomputer compressor futhi ahlinzeke ukupholisa igesi isilinda inzwa. On the izimpawu isithombe ezishisayo esikhulu we sextant uphawu, kanye nolwazi isimo uhlelo. isithombe Thermal nokwanda 4 noma 11,5h ekhombisa amadivayisi umdubuli kambayimbayi nomyali, kanye ezikrinini zabo ngaphandle kokukhulisa.

Sine main umdubuli kambayimbayi emehlweni oluqanjwe Pilkington Optronics. Siqukethe umzimba nge ukuhlolwa isiteshi kuyunithi nge uhlaliseke sextant esibukweni 4 Hz laser uhla othole kanye qapha nge monocular. Rangefinder nge nombono ka 1,064 microns inebanga kusuka km 200 m kuya ku-10. Ukunemba kuyinto ± 5 m kuya ku-30 m evelela. Shooter futhi ifakwe esethola telescopic optical emehlweni L30 Nanoquest, ukukhwezwa coaxially esiphethe isibhamu.

esihlalweni somshayeli ifakwe periscope yokwenziwa Pilkington Optronics. Isebenzisa idivayisi embonweni wasebusuku. Ngenxa yalesi ebusuku ethangini uyakwazi ukufinyelela ngesivinini ifaniswe emini, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa kukhanyiswe yikona.

Umdubuli kambayimbayi kanye imager exhunywe kwi-computer yokulawula umlilo nge ibhasi idatha Military Standard 1553.

"Challenger 2": ithangi empini

tank Photo ngaphakathi letinikwe lapha ngenhla. nezisebenzi umkhuzi uqondisa efakwe ophahleni lwendlu emehlweni-panoramic phezu kwelitshe bese ucindezela inkinobho, okuholela ukujikeleza umbhoshongo, kuyilapho isiqu ngeke ngokuzenzakalelayo wakhomba target. Umdubuli kambayimbayi kuthatha abaphathi besikhungo target kuhlanganisa a rangefinder laser kanye inkinobho umlilo for shot umkhiqizo. Ngalesi sikhathi, umkhuzi tank unekhono ukuthola aphinde abone elitsheni esilandelayo. Lezi izinjongo ezimbili zigcinwa ukulawula umlilo ikhompyutha digital. Ngemva udubule ukushaya ilitshe lokuqala Commander ngazo inkinobho, umbhoshongo unxenxwa umgomo wesibili kanye shot ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngenxa yalesi inqubo ethangini empini liye landa firepower ngempumelelo futhi ngokushesha ukushaya ilitshe.

ukuhlolwa

"Challenger 2" lwavivinywa e-British Army kanye iRoyal Army of Oman ngempumelelo. Zonke imingcele ezisebenza t. H. Isikhali uhlelo nokwethenjelwa ukuqina lifinyelelwe. Izici chobemskoy zempi eye yaqinisekiswa ngokuhamba audit yayo nge yesimanje anti-tank izikhali. Umphumela test kwaba ukuphepha ephelele umbhoshongo, futhi bekwazi ukuqondisa uhlelo isikhali kuhloswe futhi enze isibhamu.

idrayivu

Tank "Challenger 2" ifakwe 12 cylinder udizili umthamo 1200 amalitha. a. ka Perkins Izinjini (Shropshire, UK). Transmission - David Brown TN54 iphethini 6 phambili futhi ezimbili amagiya reverse. Speed ithangi ifinyelela 59 km / h futhi isilinganiso off-road - 40 km / h. Running wokugodlwa 450 km ngomgwaqo kanye 250 km unqamule izwe.

ukuphepha

Umklamo ethangini "Challenger 2" unaka ngokukhethekile ukuze ukuphepha izisebenzi kanye survivability umshini. Umbhoshongo ifakwe yesibili zempi chobemskoy isizukulwane, esinikela ukumelana kwabaningi Ukungena anti-tank amagobolondo. Ethangini ivikelwe emiphumeleni zenuzi, begazi futhi amakhemikhali ngosizo ise turret uhlelo Ukuvikelwa NBC is Umfutho emoyeni elicwengekileyo. Electronics ivikelwe ishayela yenuzi kagesi.

Movement of the turret isibhamu kanye ezivezwa i kagesi esikhundleni actuator wokubacindezela. Lokhu kungabi sengxenyeni izingozi ezihlobene ne ukudabuka ephezulu ingcindezi hoses egumbini nezisebenzi. Isitoreji nezinhlamvu itholakala ngezansi umbhoshongo enikeza kancane sengozini kuka ingxenye yayo labaqaphi elingemuva.

Tank eyenziwe ubuchwepheshe esilayidi enciphisa radar yayo isignesha.