Queen Elizabeth we-England 2: Biography, izithombe

INdlovukazi yase-England yesi-Elizabeth Elizabeth 2, echaza ukuthi impilo yendoda eye yabona ama-eras ahlukahlukene, isilokhu isihlalo sobukhosi kusukela ngo-1952. Ukubusa kwakhe kukude kakhulu emlandweni waseBrithani.

Umndeni nobuntwana

Ngo-Ephreli 21, 1926 wazalelwa iNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi yase-England 2. I-biography yelungu lesigodlo esilawulayo kunzima ukucabanga ngaphandle kwesihlahla somndeni wakhe. Intombazane yayiyindodakazi kaPrince Albert, owayegqoke igama likaDuke, nomkakhe u-Elizabeth Bose-Lyon. Ubaba wengane wayeyindodana yeNkosi George.

Ngomnyaka we-1936 inkosi yafa, isihlalo sobukhosi sathola ifa layo indodana yakhe endala u-Edward VIII (Uncle Elizabeth). Nokho, wabusa izinyanga. Ngokomthetho kahulumeni, kwakudingeka ashade nomuntu owayelingana naye ngokuhlala emndenini ohloniphekile. Kodwa-ke, inkosi inqume ukubopha ngomshado nomfazi ohlukanisile ovela kumbuthano ongewona ubukhosi - uBessie Simpson. Kwakuyiqiniso ukuthi wayesevele eshada kabili, ecasulwa uhulumeni, okwakusikisela ukuthi u-Edward uyaphambuka. Wenqaba empeleni amandla, futhi lesi sihlalo sobukhosi sadlulisela ngokuzumayo kumfowabo omncane, owathola igama likaGeorge VI.

Le ngqungquthela eyenza u-Elizabeth oneminyaka eyishumi abe ngumsizi wombuso omkhulu kunazo zonke waseBrithani. Ukube uGeorge wayenomfana, lesi sihloko sasingadlulela kuye, kodwa lokhu akuzange kwenzeke. I-Queen Elizabeth ezayo 2 ebusheni bayo yayiphakathi nendawo yomphakathi njengommeli wesizukulwane esisha se-Windsor yenkosi.

Indlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi

I-biography yokuqala ye-Queen of England Elizabeth 2 yayivumelana nesimo sakhe njenge-Princess of York. Kanye nabazali bakhe wayehlala eKensington. Enye yezindlela zokuzilibazisa eziyinhloko kusukela ebuntwaneni kwakuhamba ukugibela amahhashi. Indlovukazi yayithembekile kulo mdlalo wokuzilibazisa kusukela ebusheni bayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le ntombazane yafundiswa isethi ephelele yezesayensi. Ulwazi olubanzi lwaluyimfanelo ebaluleke kakhulu yamalungu enkosi yaseWillsor, njengoba ayemele okungcono kakhulu ukuthi umbuso unganikeza uhulumeni. Ukugcizelelwa okukhethekile emfundweni ka-Elizabeth kwakwenziwe kubantu: izifundo zenkolo, umthetho wezomthetho kanye nomlando wobuciko. Umntwana wabonisa isithakazelo esingavamile ngolimi lwesiFulentshi, okwakhuthazwa othisha.

I-Biography ka-Elizabeth 2 yenza ukuphenduka okubukhali lapho eba yindlalifa kayise-inkosi. Kanye nabazali bakhe, wathuthela eBuckingham Palace. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, iMpi Yezwe Yesibili yaqala, futhi ukuphila okungenandaba nokuphela kwaphela ngezimpi zokuqala zaseJalimane kuleli zwekazi.

IBrithani lisekela iPoland futhi, kanye nomlingani wayo oyinhloko, iFrance yamemezela impi kwiRussia yesiThathu. Naphezu kokuthi izinqumo ezinkulu zezombangazwe zenziwa nguhulumeni kanye nephalamende, umndeni wasebukhosini waba uphawu olubalulekile lobunye bezwe ngokumelene nosongo olwandayo lweNazi. U-Elizabeth 2 ebuntwaneni wabhekana nezingozi ezingabonakali nezezingane, okumele kuhlangatshezwe nakho bonke ontanga.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili

Naphezu kokuthi uHitler akakaze anqume ukuthumela amabutho aseMelika eBritish Isles, indiza yakhe yayiqhubhisa amabhomu ngezikhathi ezithile emizini yaseNgilandi. Ukuhlasela okuqhubekayo futhi okuqhubekayo kwakukhona eminyakeni yokuqala yempi, lapho i-Wehrmacht ihlala cishe yonke inselelo yaseYurophu. Ubaba u-Elizabeth wayevakashela njalo amabutho. Kakade ngo-1940, lo muntu okhulumela i-heiress wakhuluma okokuqala kubomakhelwane ngenkulumo yomphakathi ebhekiswe ezinganeni zezwe.

Kulesi simo, iNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi ezayo, u-Elizabeth II, yakhula. Ngo-1943, waqala ukuvakashela amabutho, ngemuva kokuvakashela iqembu likaGrnadier. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqothulwa kweJalimane, u-Elizabeth wajoyina ibutho futhi waba umshayeli womshini we-ambulensi ensizakalo eqenjini lezokuzivikela labesifazane. Indodakazi yenkosi yayinesikhundla se-lieutenant, futhi kusukela namuhla ingumkhosi osebenzayo, isikhundla sakhe sezempi sisalokhu sisebenza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi u-Elizabeth ungumhlanganyeli wokugcina weMpi Yezwe Yesibili, hhayi impesheni yempi, emhlabeni wonke.

Umshado noFiliphu

Lapho kuqala umhlaba, iNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi ezayo, u-Elizabeth II, iphinde ibuyele emisebenzini yakhe evamile. I-biography yakhe ngo-1947 ibhalwe umshado noFiliphu Mountbetten.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-XX, zonke izibusi zaseJurophu ezibusayo zazihlangene kakhulu. UFiliphu wayengumzukulu weNkosi yesiGreki uGeorge I, futhi futhi ilungu lomndeni wasebukhosini waseDenmark kanye nenzalo yeNdlovukazi yaseBrithani Victoria. Abantu abasanda kushada bahlangana njengengane eminyakeni engama-30. Ngemva komshado wakhe, uFiliphu wathola isihloko esihloniphekile seDuke wase-Edinburgh. Naphezu kokuthi wazalwa kude nango-1921, usenempilo enhle futhi wenza njalo imisebenzi yakhe yokuzikhandla. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi indoda yendlovukazi ayizange yamukele isihloko esingokwezifiso sikaNkosana Consort esikhundleni sakhe, kodwa sahlala uMbusi wase-Edinburgh.

UFiliphu no-Elizabeth babe nezingane ezine: uCharles, Anna, Andrew, no-Edward. Bonke namuhla banabantwana nabazukulu, futhi, nabo, bakha umndeni wasebukhosini omkhulu waseBrithani. UCharles njengendodana endala waba yindlalifa kamama ngo-1952, lapho ethatha isihlalo sobukhosi, futhi uhlala kuze kube yilolu suku.

I-Coronation

INdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II wenyuka esihlalweni sobukhosi ngaphansi kwezimo ezingavamile. Ngo-1952, kanye nomyeni wakhe, waya eKenya, ngaleso sikhathi i-colony yase-Great Britain, ukuphumula. Kwakuleli zwe eliyingqayizivele ukuthi i-heiress of the throne yathola izindaba ezibuhlungu zokufa kukayise, uGeorge V, owabusa izwe iminyaka eyishumi nesithupha.

Kwathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuhlela ukuguqulwa okuzoba uphawu lokuqala kokubusa kwenkosi entsha. Umkhosi omkhulu wawubanjwe endaweni yakhe yendabuko - iWestminster Abbey. Indlovukazi entsha yayingu-Elizabeth 2. Lapho lo mbusi oneminyaka engu-25 ubudala ekhuphuka esihlalweni sobukhosi, imibono yezwe lonke yaphendukela ekuqondeni kwayo ngokoqobo, ngoba kwakuyisikhathi lapho amakhamera adlulisela khona umcimbi asetshenziselwa okokuqala emcimbini onjalo.

Iminyaka yokuqala kahulumeni

Indlovukazi yaseBrithani u-Elizabeth 2 esemusha wayohamba kakhulu. Lo mkhuba awuzange umshiye kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokubusa kwakhe. Ngenkathi kuhlanganiswa esihlalweni sobukhosi, umbusi wavakashela amazwe ayeyingxenye ye-Commonwealth yamaKoloni aseBrithani. Ngama-1950s no-1960, inqubo yokunikeza ukuzimela kulezi zizwe, ezazingxenyeni zonke zomhlaba, yaqala. Abaningi babo base-Afrika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni, inkosi yaseBrithani yavakashela e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Lo muntu wayeyiNdlovukazi u-Elizabethe 2. I-biography ethakazelisayo yombusi yayigxile esimweni sayo esiyingqayizivele, esashukumisa umhlaba wonke kumuntu wayo.

Indlovukazi ayizange ikhohlwe ngezinto zangaphakathi ezweni lakubo. Wahlangana njalo nabameleli bephalamende futhi waxoxa nge-ajenda. Ngo-1957, ingxabano yokuqala yezombangazwe yavela eqenjini elibusayo ngenkathi ehlala esihlalweni sobukhosi. Khona-ke babeyiziqhumane. UNdunankulu u-Anthony Eden ushiye. Njengoba le nkampani yayingenayo indlela ehlelekile yokukhetha umholi wayo, indlovukazi yayifanele ithathe izibopho ezandleni zayo.

Ezinyathelweni zakhe zokuqala zamandla, u-Elizabeth wayevame ukubonisana noWinston Churchill odumile. Ngemva kokubonisana nodolitiki ohloniphekile, kunqunywe ukuphakamisa uHarold Macmillan, owamukelwayo. Waba ngunongqongqoshe we-65 we-Great Britain kusukela ngo-1957 kuya ku-1964.

Ubudlelwano ne-Commonwealth of Nations

Ngisho ebusheni bakhe, kwacaca ukuthi ikusasa likaNdlovukazi u-Elizabethe 2 lizobe lihlobene kuphela nokukhonza izwe lakubo. Waba umbusi ngesikhathi lapho kwamanye amazwe amandla amakhosi ayekhungulwa yizinguquko noma abe yinto nje yokuhlobisa.

EBrithani isimo sasihlukile. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX, kwakukhona imibuso eminingana, efana nesakhiwo salo. Ngokwesibonelo, eJalimane, eRussia nase-Austria-Hungary. Kuzo zonke lezi zizwe, izikhungo zamandla ezihloniphekile zaqothulwa ngemva kwezimpi zamanzi. IBrithani igweme lokhu.

Noma kunjalo, emva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili kwacaca ukuthi ukuqonda kombuso kwakuzoshiywa. Ngisho ngaphansi kukayise u-Elizabeth VI u-Elizabeth VI, iNdiya yathola ukuzibusa - iparele lomqhele waseBrithani. Manje umbusi osemusha kwakudingeka ayeke njalo izinsalela ezisele zesikhathi esedlule sobukhosi.

Ithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu ekufezeni le njongo kwakuyi- Commonwealth of Nations. I-british diplomacy yenza yonke into yokwakha ubudlelwane obusondelene namakholomu ayengaphambili, ngenkathi ibanikeza isiteji sokuxoxa ngokulingana okulinganayo. Izinkinga eziningi ikakhulukazi zasezindaweni zase-Afrika, lapho emva kokuphuma kwamagunya aseBrithani, ukuvuswa kwempi kanye nezimpi zombango kwaqala.

Ngokwesiko, u-Elizabeth wazinikela isikhathi eside ebuhlotsheni bezwe lakhe neCanada. Kuze kube ngu-1982, uhulumeni waseBrithani wayenesisindo sokwenza izinqumo kuleli zwe. Emva kwezinguquko, uhlelo olunjalo lwahlala esikhathini esedlule, okuyinto eyesinye isinyathelo sokushiya inqubomgomo yaseBrithani endala yokuphazanyiswa ezindabeni zamakholomu ayengaphambili. Noma kunjalo, u-Elizabeth uhlala njengendlovukazikazi yaseCanada. Ngo-1976, yena njengenkosi yavula iMidlalo yama-Olympic, eyayibanjelwe eMontreal. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, uzoya emcimbini ofanayo eLondon. Ukuvulwa kwama-Olympic kwenzeka ngo-2012.

Ngokuqondene nesimo samanje se-Commonwealth of Nations, u-Elizabeth uhlala namuhla njengenhloko yale nqubo, nakuba zonke izinkinga zezinhlangano zingasombululwa ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela kwakhe, kuyilapho indlovukazi ingumfanekiso ongokomfanekiso.

Izinhlekelele zomndeni wasebukhosini

Phakathi neminyaka, impilo yomuntu womndeni wasebukhosini, eholwa u-Elizabeth, uye waba izindaba ezimbi futhi ezishaqisayo. Ngo-1979, amaphekula avela e-Irish Republican Army abulala unina kaPhilippine Philippe uLuis Mountbetten. Wayengeyena nje isihlobo esiseduze senkosikazi, kodwa futhi umbusi obalulekile ngisho nangaphansi kukaGeorge VI, ikakhulukazi, wayeyi-vice-king yokugcina yaseNdiya.

I-Mountbatten yayise-yacht yakhe, lapho iqhuma ibhomu elawulwa yomsakazo, ibeka amaphekula. Kanye naye, izihlobo zakhe eziningi zabulawa kanye nomfana wase-Ireland owayesebenza emkhunjini. Ngosuku olufanayo, udlame lwama-radicals lwalusekelwa ngokuhlaselwa kwabo okuhleliwe ngamasosha aseBrithani, abulala abantu abangu-18.

Eminyakeni embalwa emva kwalesi simo esibi, indlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi, indodana ka-Elizabeth, uCharles, wathatha u-Diana Spencer. I-Princess of Wales yajabulela ukuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe yokusiza futhi yezenkolo.

Lo mbhangqwana wayenabantwana ababili - uWilliam noHarry. Indodana endala iyinhloko elandelayo yesihloko sobukhosi ngemuva kukayise. Kodwa-ke, impilo yomndeni kaCharles noDiana isahlulekile. Babe nobuhlobo obunzima. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-90, isikhulu saqala ukuhlangana nomunye wesifazane. Lesi simo sasingamukeleki ku-Elizabeth, owayekholelwa ukuthi ukuphila komuntu okudidekile kwalowo mbhangqwana kubeka isithunzi phezu komndeni wonke wasebukhosini. Ngo-1996, uCharles no-Diana bahlukanisa. Lokhu kwaholela enhlekeleleni enkulu yezwe.

Ngokushesha nje lapho lo mbono wehla, njengoba ngo-1997, iBrithani yaduduza izindaba ezishaqisayo zokufa kukaDiane emgwaqeni weParis eParis. Eminyakeni embalwa emva kwalesi sigameko, uNkosana uCharles washada ngokwesibili kumngane wakhe osekudala uCamille Parker Bowles. Umshado wenziwa ngo-2005, lapho izingane zakhe ezivela emshadweni wokuqala sezikhulile futhi ziphila ngokuzimela.

I-80

Naphezu kwezihlamba kanye nezinhlekelele, okwakulokhu kuqhuma iBuckingham Palace ngezikhathi ezithile, u-Elizabeth wabhekana ngokuphumelelayo nemisebenzi yakhe yobukhosi iminyaka engamashumi eminyaka. Inkosi yaseBrithani ngokwesiko nayo yayiyinhloko yesonto lase-Anglican, eyakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa ngekhulu le-16.

Ezinsukwini zakudala, phakathi kwamaKatolika namaProthestani, kwakukhona impikiswano ende. Ngenkathi entsha, kwakuyisikhathi somhlangano wokubuyisana owawuphawulekayo phakathi kwamakhanda amabandla amabili - uPapa noNdlovukazi yaseBritish. UJohn Paul wafika eLondon ngo-1982. INdlovukazi yaseNgilandi yamhlangabeza. Izithombe zalaba bantu zihamba emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, impi yaseFalklands yaqala phakathi kweBrithani ne-Argentina. INdlovukazi ayizange ithathe izinqumo ezihlelekile ezihlobene namaqhinga namasu. Noma kunjalo, le mpikiswano ayikwazanga ukudlula kuye. Indodana encane ka-Elizabeth - u-Andrew - yakhonza ebutho laseBrithani phakathi nale mpi futhi yayiyingxenye yabasebenzi bezindiza.

Impi yaqala ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kokuba yiziqhingi zaseFalkland, ezisogwini lwase-Argentina. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu zokulwa kolwandle, iGreat Britain yanqoba futhi yalondoloza leli daba.

U-Elizabeth noMargaret Thatcher

Ngesikhathi u-Elizabeth engenzi izinqumo eziphathelene nempi, lo mthwalo wehla emagxeni omunye waseBrithani onamandla, uMargaret Thatcher. Wayengumholi weConservative Party noNdunankulu wezwe ngo-1981-1990. Ngokuba isimo esinzima nokuziphendulela kwezombangazwe kwakubizwa ngegama elithi "Iron Lady". Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni engama-80 isakhiwo sezesifazane sakhiwa, esasiyinhloko yombuso waseBrithani.

Ngokusho kwemithetho namasiko, inhloko kahulumeni yayinomhlangano osebenzayo njalo ngesonto, eya ku-Elizabeth 2. INdlovukazi yaseBrithani Enkulu kanye nobukhosi bayo bagcina ubuhlobo obuseduze noThecher. Ngezikhathi ezithile ezweni lonke amahemuhemu asakazeka ukuthi phakathi kukaNdunankulu kanye ne-monarch ukungafani okuyisisekelo kumgomo wakubo nezwe langaphandle kwakhiwa. Lezi zingxoxo zazikhishwe ngokweqile yi-press. Naphezu kwalokhu, u-Thatcher yena kanye nezikhulu zika-Elizabeth bahlala benqaba izinqumo ezinjalo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, eminyakeni yama-80, umphakathi waseBrithani awuzange uhlangabezane nezikhathi ezilula kakhulu. Okokuqala, lokhu kwakungenxa yesimo sezenhlalo esisheshayo. Ngenxa yenqubomgomo yomnotho, izimfihlo kanye ne-monetarism, ekunamathela kwayo yiTchercher, izwe liye lalingana nengozi yomnotho. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zadingeka ukuze kwenziwe izinguquko zombuso. Indlovukazi, ngenxa yesimo sayo, njengombuso, yayisemkhawulweni wokugxeka umphakathi.

IJaji leDayimani likaHulumeni

Ngonyaka wezi-2012 kwafika umkhosi we-diamond kahulumeni (eminyakeni engama-60), okwashiwo yiNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi. Izithombe zemikhosi yezwe zaziphezu kwamakhasi amaphephandaba emhlabeni jikelele. U-Elizabeth waba ngowesibili ngemuva kweNdlovukazi uVictoria, owakwazi ukubhekana nalolu suku oluphawulekayo.

I-apogee yeholidi yayiyisiqephu semikhumbi engamakhulu emikhumbi ehla i-Thames eLondon. Ngokusho kwezibalo, lena yindlela enkulu kunazo zonke yamanzi emlandweni. Ngomhla ka-4 kuNhlangulane, ikhonsathi lomculo eliyinkimbinkimbi yenzeke ezindongeni zaseBuckingham Palace. INdlovukazi yazinconywa ngokwabo ngabalingisi abavelele baseBrithani njengoPaul McCartney, u-Elton John nabanye.

Ngonyaka odlule, i-biography ka-Elizabeth 2 kanye nayo yonke imindeni yasebukhosini yaphawulwa ngomunye umcimbi ojabulisayo. Washada umzukulu omdala wombusi kanye nendlalifa uWilliam. Umkakhe kwakunguCatherine Middleton. Ngo-2013 u-Elizabeth waba umkhulu ugogo okwesithathu. UWilliam wayenendodana nendlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi, uGeorge.

Isimo samanje senkosikazi

Biography of the Queen of England Elizabeth engenakulibaleka 2 yisibonelo ekuphileni ekuhlaleni kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi, okwathi ngokuhamba kweminyaka ngokuya sazilahla amalungelo ayo zangaphambili waba umlandeli isibalo somphakathi, ekwenzeni imisebenzi ummeleli. Namuhla umbusi uyaqhubeka elandela amasiko isikhathi sayo esihlalweni sobukhosi. Kanye ngonyaka ihlela inkulumo ephalamende.

Queen futhi njalo uhlangabezana amanxusa kanye amathimba zamanxusa. Eminyakeni eyedlule, wayevame waya emakhoneni ezahlukene kakhulu ngayo le planethi, kodwa ngeminyaka, ukushuba uhambo kunqatshelwe. Nokho, muva nje, ngo-2011, u-Elizabeth waya Ireland. Kwakuyisikhathi ukuvakashelwa mlando. Britain nomakhelwane waso entshonalanga okushayisanayo eminyaka. Ekhulwini XX, umzabalazo ngokuzijamela Irish (kuhlanganise Northern Ireland) wathatha indlela ukuhlasela kwamaphekula, ufakazi kungu-Elizabethe yena 2. England, Nokho, unqobe obumbi futhi babe nobuhlobo ne Dublin.

Sekungamashumi eminyaka INcwadi Yonyaka Kuchithwe sobukhosi umbusi eseke unendlela yakhe ekubhekaneni ePhalamende. Njengomthetho, uzama ukuhlala kude zezombusazwe phakathi kwabantu kanye nabasekeli izinhlelo ezahlukene.

Kodwa kwakungegazi nongenanembeza nendlovukazi ungenakunqotshwa kwadingeka ngenze izinqumo ezibalulekile, lapho inhlekelele ephalamende. Ngokwesibonelo, kwenzekani ngo-1957 futhi ngo-1963. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, kukaNdunankulu wesulile esikhundleni sakhe, futhi kwesokudla-wing amaqembu awukwazanga unquma owalandela. Khona-ke indlovukazi ekhetha usihlalo ephalamende imbala. Njalo kungenzeka ekhanyisa kwemizwa ku Downing Street.

Namuhla e-UK naleso sakhamuzi uyazi ngakho konke lokho ehlangene Queen of England Elizabeth 2. Biography, igama eligcwele kanye nezinye amaqiniso okuphila kwakhe kahle laziwe kubo bonke. UBooysen wakwazi, naphezu wobuphixiphixi ka enkathini yesimanje, ukuze kulondolozwe igunya yokubusa kwamakhosi.