Kungani uPetru 1 waqala ukulwa naye abaseSweden: izimbangela ingxabano futhi abahlanganyela kuso. Imiphumela neMpi Northern

IMpi Enkulu Northern ukuthi kwabheduka ekhulwini XVIII, phakathi Sweden neRussia, isibe isenzakalo esibalulekile isimo Russian. Kungani uPetru 1 waqala empini nge abaseSweden nalokho yaphela - okwengeziwe ngale olwengeziwe.

isimo Russian ngaphansi Petru 1

Ukuze uqonde izimbangela Omkhulu Northern neMpi, odinga ukukwazi, Kuyini eRussia ekuqaleni ingxabano. Ekhulwini XVIII - yisikhathi izinguquko ezinkulu emnothweni, isiko, ezombusazwe kanye nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana. Petr Veliky is njengoba inkosi-wezinguquko ezaziwayo. Wazalwa zwe elikhulukazi nge umnotho ampofu nebutho akusebenzi. isimo Russian kude ngemuva ukuthuthukiswa kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuba buthaka izimpi eside ne yoMbuso WaseTurkey yokulawula supremacy oLwandle Olumnyama.

Uma ucabangela umbuzo kungani Petru 1 waqala ukulwa naye abaseSweden, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi lokhu kwaba izizathu ezinamandla kunazo. Omkhulu Northern neMpi elalelwa ukufinyelela Baltic ogwini, okuyinto sasibalulekile Russia. Ngaphandle ubudlelwane ukuhweba nge amazwe aseNtshonalanga, wayengenakukwazi ukuthuthukisa umnotho walo. Imbobo kuphela ngesikhathi, lapho izimpahla Russian zithunyelwe West, kwaba Ingelosi Eyinhloko. Umzila kolwandle ngokusebenzisa White Sea kwakunzima, kuyingozi futhi engaphumi njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eyoku-1 Petru isidingo sokuba ukuthuthukiswa ophuthumayo izimoto zawo e oLwandle iBaltic futhi oLwandle Olumnyama. Ngaphandle kwale kwakungenakwenzeka ukudala isimo oqinile.

Yingakho empini abaseSweden ngaphansi Petru 1 sasingagwemeki. ababusi Langaphambilini Russia wabona isitha esikhulu yoMbuso wase-Ottoman Empire, okuyinto njalo ehlaselwa emngceleni izindawo Russian. Kuphela sezombusazwe ezifana kude-sekuqhamuke, uPeter Omkhulu, waqaphela ukuthi kuleli zwe sibaluleke kakhulu manje ukuze bakwazi ukudayisa Europe nge oLwandle iBaltic, futhi umzabalazo ogwini Black Sea ungakwazi ukulinda kuze.

Inkosi yaseSweden Karl XII

Emazweni aseScandinavia kule nkathi, imithetho njengoba nkosi abasha okungavamile, uPetru 1. Charles XII kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso ubuhlakani lempi nebutho lakhe - esinganqobeki. Izwe kulo ayebhekwa amakhulu kunawo wonke endaweni Baltic esifundeni. By endleleni, igama lakhe Carl eRussia, kanye neNkosi yakwa-Sweden wayaziwa njengomuntu Charles XII.

Hlela kwaba, njengoPetru, zisencane. Wayeneminyaka engu-15 ubudala lapho uyise eshona noCarl wathola isihlalo sobukhosi. Nge ukuthukuthela ngokushesha, inkosi Njengesizwe sasingeke sikubekezelele iseluleko futhi wanquma eyedwa. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-18, wenza ngohambo lwakhe lokuqala lezempi. Ememezela inkantolo ukuthi uyahamba kwi fun kwelinye izinqaba zakhe, empeleni, lo mbusi osemusha ka ibutho elincane wadlula ulwandle eDenmark. mashi Rapid ukuba ngaphansi izindonga eCopenhagen, eDenmark, Carl uphoqeleka ukuba ahoxe kusukela nimunye Russia, Poland futhi Saxony. emva kweminyaka Cishe 18 ukuthi inkosi wachitha ngaphandle ezweni lenkaba yakhe, iqhaza emikhankasweni ehlukahlukene yezempi. Umgomo wabo kwakuwukukhuthaza ukwenza Sweden izwe elinamandla Northern Europe.

1 Petru futhi abaseSweden: izimbangela empini

Russia nase Sweden ayemelene eside ngaphambi kokuzalwa yenkosi wezinguquko. coast aseBaltic, okuyinto babengenalo zingabalulekile geopolitical, bekulokhu nesithakazelo esikhulu emazweni amaningi. Poland, Sweden neRussia amakhulu amaningi eminyaka bezama ukwandisa ithonya lawo kule Baltic esifundeni. Kusukela ngekhulu XII, abaseSweden baye bahlasela ngokuphindaphindiwe North yeRussia, ulinga le Ladoga, kukhona iGulf of Finland futhi Karelia. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII, emazweni aseBaltic babe Sweden okhonzile ngokuphelele. Agasti II, inkosi yase-Poland futhi Elector Saxony, uFrederick IV, umbusi Danish Petr Veliky bakha sokusebenzisana ngokumelene Sweden. amathemba wakhe wokunqoba esekelwe intsha Charles XII. ERussia ecaleni elaliphakathi wokunqoba wathola ukufinyelela eside elindelwe kuya ogwini aseBaltic nasengxenyeni ithuba abe imikhumbi. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-isizathu esiyinhloko esenza Petru 1 uqale impi ngokumelene abaseSweden. Ngokuqondene nazo zonke ezinye lolu mbimbi ngokumelene Sweden, babefuna ukuchibiyela lokho ababekubona buthaka sika isitha enyakatho futhi ukuqinisa ukubakhona yayo aseBaltic esifundeni.

1 Petru Elikhulu: IMpi Enkulu Northern Sweden kwafakazela ithalente yecebo Tsar Russian

Inyunyana phakathi kwamazwe amathathu (Russia, Denmark nase Poland) kuphothuliwe e 1699. Abokuqala ngokumelene Sweden, August II. Ngo 1700, ukuvinjezelwa Riga. Ngawo lowo nyaka ibutho Danish waqala ngokuhlasela insimu ka Holstein, owawungumnyaka sizana Sweden. Khona-ke Karl XII wenza imashi ngokugqamile eDenmark wayiphoqa ukuba bahoxe ekungeneleni impi. Khona-ke wathumela amasosha Riga, futhi inkosi yasePoland, hhayi sibambe ukuba zihlanganyele empini, wahoxisa amabutho akhe.

Kamuva, zonke nempi Sweden wajoyina Russia. Wentiwa yini Phetro 1 waqala ukulwa naye abaseSweden akuyona ngesikhathi esifanayo ne umbimbi? Iqiniso lokuthi isimo Russian ngalesi sikhathi walwa yoMbuso WaseTurkey, ahlanganyele nasemikhosini izingxabano ababili basempini yezwe bahluleka.

Ngakusasa ngemuva kokuphothulwa isivumelwano sokuthula Turkey, Russia wangena nempi Sweden. 1 Petru liqala ukuzungeza ayesebheka Narva, eduze inqaba Swedish. lulahlekile impi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amabutho Charles XII lungaphezu kunabayeni inani kabi abaqeqeshiwe nengenawo ahlomile ibutho Russian.

Ukunqotshwa at Narva kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise ukuguqulwa okusheshayo Russian amabutho ahlomile. Ngonyaka nje owodwa Petr Veliky wakwazi ukuguqula ngokuphelele ibutho ifakwe izikhali ezintsha bese wezikhali. Kusukela 1701 Russia iqala ukuzuza banqobe abaseSweden: Battle of Poltava, Gangut impi olwandle. Ngo 1721, Sweden dweba thula vumelwane neRussia.

Imiphumela neMpi Northern

Ngemva isiphelo sesimiso iSivumelwano Nystad Russia wama waqina esifundeni aseBaltic nasengxenyeni Kurland.