Anna Ivanovna: Phakathi nokubusa umlando kokufaneleka eRussia

Ukuze izikhali Russian e 1709 sasigcwele kunqoba okukhazimulayo. Ngezinye Poltava Petr Veliky wanqoba ibutho IsiSwidi iNkosi uCharles nambili - Amasosha Russian ngempumelelo wabathatha ngemoto naseBaltics. Ukuze kuqiniswe usithonye e emazweni ayenqotshiwe, uPetru wanquma ukunika ezihlotsheni zakhe eziningi uMbusi Courland Fridriha Vilgelma.

UMbusi waphendukela umfelokazi uPraskovya Fyodorovna iseluleko womfowabo: enye yamadodakazi akhe, isifuna ukulinika isikhulu? Futhi njengoba wayengahambisani esesabekayo nomkhwenyana-ongamazi, wametha engathandwa ngonyaka nesikhombisa indodakazi endala u-Anna. Lokhu kwaba ikusasa Empress Anna Ivanovna.

Izingane kanye intsha Empress esizayo

Anna wazalwa ngo-January 28, 1693 eMoscow, e umzalwane lo mkhaya amadala Petra Velikogo Ivan Omkhulu Wesihlanu. Wachitha ebuntwaneni e Izmailovo nonina nodadewabo. Njengoba abantu besikhathi kuphawuliwe, Anna Ivanovna, ingane likhishwa, bethule ingakhulumi. Kusukela esemncane kwathiwa bafundiswa ukuzifundela nokubhala German nesiFulentshi. Funda futhi ubhale, wasifunda, kodwa nokudansa ngendlela wokuziphilisa inkosazana yayingeyena balufunda.

Wedding Anna kugujwa-October 31, 1710 ku sidle Petersburg Menshikov Palace. Ekuqaleni konyaka ozayo, u-Anna Ivanovna, futhi uMbusi Courland e Mitau kwesokunxele enhlokodolobha. Kodwa ngendlela, uWilhelm eshona kungalindelekile. Ngakho inkosazana Wafelwa umyeni wakhe beneminyaka kuphela izinyanga ezimbalwa emva komshado.

Eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambi kokuba wokubusa Anna

Petr Veliky ngaphambilini Anna wayenalo ilungelo lokwenza Kurland. Eqaphela ukuthi wayengeyona umzala zihlakaniphile ngeke bakwazi ukukhonza izithakazelo eRussia Duchy, wahambisana namalungiselelo uPetru wakhe Bestuzhev-Rumin. Ngo 1726, lapho Bestuzhev-Ryumin kuhoxiswe Courland, Anna wavela enkantolo kwabe-Ernst Johann Biron - labehluleka e wohlanga olukhulu Koenigsberg University.

Ngemva kokufa Petra Velikogo Russian Empire kwenzeka into kuze kube manje ngempela bekangaziwa - yesihlalo sobukhosi we Tsars Russian rose owesifazane! Umfelokazi uPetru mina, uCatherine. Obusa kuba cishe iminyaka emibili. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, yangasese Council wanquma ukhethe njengoba umzukulu koMbusi Petra Velikogo, uPetru I. Enyukele isihlalo sobukhosi eneminyaka engu-nanye, kodwa wafa ingxibongo at nane.

Isimo, noma ekukhishweni amalungu inhlangano eyimfihlo

Ephakeme azitshelwa Council wanquma ukubiza Anna sobukhosi, ngesikhathi esifanayo nokukhawulela amandla ako autocratic. Benza "isimo", lapho izimo abangu washayelwa lapho u-Anna Ivanovna wamenywa ukuba luthathe sobukhosi. Ngokusho lokhu iphepha ngaphandle kwemvume yangasese Council, wayengenakukwazi ukumemezela ubani impi, izivumelwano ukuthula, kumelwe uyale impi aqaphe, ukukhulisa noma intela, nokunye.

25 Januwari, 1730 abameleli inhlangano eyimfihlo baletha "isimo" ku Metavu kanye Duchess, uvumela zonke imingcele, ngemvume kubo. Ngokushesha, entsha Empress Anna efika e Moscow. Kube Februwari 25 abameleli yezikhulu eMoscow bafaka isicelo sakhe nesicelo ukungamukeli isimo futhi umthetho autocratic. Futhi iNdlovukazi yazilalela. Yena waklebhula esidlangalaleni idokhumenti futhi zisakaza Ephakeme azitshelwa Council. Amalungu ayo zadingiselwa futhi ebulawa, Anna wagcotshwa kweNyuka Cathedral.

Anna Ivanovna: phakathi nokubusa nethonya Inqubomgomo othandekayo eziyizintandokazi

Phakathi nokubusa Anny Ioannovny idaliwe yiKhabhinethi, lapho indima esemqoka kukhala omunye abangane sikaPeter Okokuqala Shansela Andrei Osterman. Ernst Biron Intandokazi Empress kwezombusazwe akangenelanga. Nakuba wabusa wedwa Anna Ioannovna, phakathi nokubusa kwakhe e historiography Russian eyaziwa ngokuthi Biron.

Ngo-January 1732 senkantolo yasebukhosini kuhanjiswe ku Petersburg. Lapha, u-Anna, isikhathi eside wahlala e-Europe, ngazizwa ngikhululekile okungaphezu kwalokho eMoscow. Inqubomgomo Foreign ngesikhathi sokubusa Anny Ioannovny kwaba phambili inqubomgomo Petra Velikogo: izimpi eRussia Succession basePoland ulwa Turkey, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho amabutho Russian abashonelwe abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu.

Uquketheni iNdlovukazi esimweni Russian

Yini eye yenziwa ukuze Russia Anna Ivanovna? Phakathi nokubusa yayo kuphawulwa ukuthuthukiswa edlulela emasimini amasha. Isimo yazuza inqaba Azov, asemaqeleni phakathi Bug futhi Dniester, kodwa ngaphandle ilungelo ukugcina imikhumbi oLwandle Olumnyama. It uqala ukusebenza Elikhulu Northern Expedition, ehlola eSiberia futhi e-Arctic Ocean futhi eKamchatka.

Isinqumo Empress iqala omunye ambitious yokwakha emikhulu kakhulu emlandweni wonke uMbuso Russian - ukwakhiwa khahlamba eziningi zezinqaba emingceleni eningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe ingxenye European yeRussia. Lokhu ukwakhiwa emikhulu, olwaqala ngesikhathi sokubusa Anny Ioannovny, angabizwa ngokuthi wemisebenzi yokuqala amasiko nezenhlalo of the Empire, Russian ku iVolga. On imingcele esempumalanga okuyingxenye YaseYurophu umbuso usebenza Orenburg eviyweni, lapho uhulumeni Anny Ioannovny siyingozi izinselele eziningi.

Ukugula nokufa iNdlovukazi

Nakuba ku imingcele inganono umbuso waduma futhi wafela inkazimulo amasosha ozijameleko ezicukuthwaneni, inhlokodolobha laphila kanye nokuzijabulisa. U-Anna wayengummemezeli ubuthakathaka nokuzingela. Amakamelo ePeterhof Palace njalo ukulayishwa izibhamu, zazo iNdlovukazi ixoshe on inyoni edlulayo. Wayethanda ukuhambisa azungeze ngokwakhe yizikhonzi futhi jesters.

Kodwa musa nje ukudubula, futhi wakwazi ukujabulisa u-Anna Ivanovna, phakathi nokubusa ahlotshaniswa nge izindaba isimo sibi kakhulu. Eminyakeni eyishumi ukubuswa iNdlovukazi, futhi yonke le minyaka Russia uyakhile, alwa ekwandiseni imingcele. Okthoba 5, 1740 eyodla iNdlovukazi ngaquleka futhi, njengoba egula kwezinsuku eziyishumi nambili, wafa.