Smolensk operation, ikhodi-okuthiwa "Suvorov". Inkambo impi, iqembu imiphumela. yokukhululwa Smolensk

ukusebenza Soviet Smolensk codenamed "Suvorov" lwenziwa ukusuka August kuya Okthoba 1943. Evumayo imibandela kuhlasela kule ndawo athuthukile emva iRed Army sika yimpumelelo olunegazi Battle of eKursk namasosha imisebenzi esifundeni laseKharkov futhi orel. Igalelo bebheke Smolensk owawunalo ekuqaleni lwalubalulekile, ngoba nalo, ubuholi Soviet wayeya abophe amabutho Wehrmacht, hhayi uzivumele ukuya eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto lapha ngokuzayo uqalile yokukhululwa Belarus.

Isimo ngaphambili, nezinduna

Umyalo German isikhundla e sifinyelela ongenhla Dnieper futhi engumakhelwane Western Dvina ( "Smolensk esangweni"), iqembu elikhulu amasosha. Phakathi ubude amakhilomitha 600 Wehrmacht bagxila 40 ukwehlukana ababebuthene ngokugcwele futhi eziphambili. Bona kwawo yayiphawuleka ngokuthambekela ebizayo, ukuzivikela ezijulile. Leli qembu isewusongo eCentral Industrial District zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Wakwemboza nemizila emfushane eya emazweni aseBaltic kanye Belarus. Kakade ngesisekelo lesi, ukusebenza Smolensk kwakufanele abe novivinyo ngoba eSoviet Union.

Smolenskaya okuhlaselayo wabekwa icala Western futhi Kalinin nezimpi. Umgomo wabo ukunqoba ohlangothini lwesobunxele "Isikhungo" iqembu wamabutho. Umsebenzi wesibili - ukusungula ukulawula angaphandle Roslavl-Smolensk. I flank kwesokunxele Kalinin Front, elaliholwa Jikelele Andrei Yeremenko. Ingxenye ngenkuthalo baxhumene amabutho ethuthuka phezu Sifundazwe-laseKharkov futhi Bryansk izindawo.

I jikelele wesibili, lapho lwaphumelela lo msebenzi kwaba Vasily Sokolovsky, umlawuli ngesikhathi eWestern Front. Kamuva uba Marshal kweSoviet Union, futhi ngeke ube khona ukusayinwa isenzo yokubuyiswa eJalimane.

ukuzivikela German

Ukuze ubambe imigqa nasempumalanga Roslavl Smolensk isitha ifakwe esishintshashintshayo eziyisithupha ukuzivikela, ukujula Imininingwane okwakunzima 100-130 amakhilomitha. Ngokuyinhloko, zadalwa loMfula imifula: eWestern Dvina, Ugra, Dnieper, le Desna, Sozh. Phakathi kwalezi imigqa okuziphendulela imizana futhi iphimbo amaphuzu inkomba.

Tank ezindaweni eziyingozi zambozwa amazinyo, ube nemigodi ngemigodi ezijulile dragon kanye imfucumfucu. izimo zemvelo lapho sekudlule ukusebenza Smolenskaya sakubona kukuhle ukuzivikela German. Kwakuyisikhathi ehlathini nge izindawo abalulekile kwamaxhaphozi. Amadolobha Roslavl Elnya, Smolensk Iartsevo Dorogobuzh, Demidov, itshe-nsimbi, Dukhovshchina, Suraż, Vitebsk namandla ukumelana ISIZINDA. Izindlela kubo (kanye imigwaqo emikhulu namabhuloho) abangu misela.

Ukulungiselela unyaka

Lapho kulungiselelwa emikhulu regrouping amabutho wawuba ngasekuqaleni Smolensk ukusebenza, kanye zibuthana bamabutho kanye izindlela. On phambi Western we isibhamu 58 ukwahlukana 42 ukwehlukana abelwe odala amaqembu eshaywayo. Ukuze ukuphathwa esiqinile futhi inhlangano ukuqala observation umyalo okuthunyelwe eduze amabutho ngqo. Ngamunye division sokudubula obhekene cishe 2 km ukufohla eside ingxenye.

Air ukweseka imisebenzi eyenziwa 1st futhi 3rd emoyeni wamabutho. Ukwakheka wokuqala babo engena ibutho "Normandy", okuyinto sasinezisebenzi ezingu-pilot angaphandle ezivela eFrance. Amavolontiya babeqeqeshwa esikoleni zezindiza e-Ivanovo futhi negalelo elibalulekile ekunqotshweni yama-Jalimane.

Engineers and kuzo ukusekelwa ngezinto ezibonakalayo

Operation "Suvorov" Ngabamba ukunakekela okukhethekile Tinsita. Amasosha aphonseka German okuziphendulela ukujula nesimo sezulu semvula futhi kunzima sezwe. Army Corps of Engineers usule minefields futhi ahlome izikhundla sokuqala ukuze okuhlaselayo. Futhi sigcinwe esimweni esejwayelekile komgwaqo futhi indlela umbhoshongo. Esikhathini indawo ye kusengaphambili kwaba inani elikhulu lamanzi imigqa, okuyinto ayenendawo ngokuwela izindlela.

Yenziwa ukwesekwa yezobuchwepheshe nezinto ezibonakalayo we amasosha aseSoviet. Ekuqaleni kokuhlinzwa, iRed Army khona isilinganiso ezimbili eziyisisekelo izinhlamvu izinhlamvu, okwakuyinto okwanele Breakout ukulungele ngokucophelela ukuzivikela German. Eqaphela ukulinganiselwa uphethiloli esitokisini. Nakuba ubuholi wezempi bazama ukungena Wehrmacht wayephambanisa amaJalimane wayazi ukuthi iRed Army elungiselela ukuhlaselwa emikhulu. Kule ndaba, i-Wehrmacht kwadingeka eduze Smolensk, inombolo enkulu kungenzeka yezigaba. disinformation Soviet sekusebenza kangcono kakhulu ngaleso qophelo Smolensk okuhlaselayo yesibili.

Ukuqala ukusebenza

okuhlaselayo ngokucophelela ukulungele kwezinhloko zamaviyo iSoviet iqale Agasti 7, 1943 (isigaba yakhe yokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi ukusebenza uMsindisi Demenskoj). Ngosuku kuhlasela waqala Guards 5th futhi 10th Nebutho 33rd. Impi kulandele ukulungiswa wezikhali. Ithemba okusheshayo-break ukuthi kungafaneleki.

Ngomhla ka-Agasti 8, ecasula waya 31 Ibutho Yartsevskaya isiqondiso. Promotion wayemncane. Ngosuku olulandelayo, izimpi main babesendlini futhi eduze Spas-Demensk. AmaJalimane adluliselwe lapha kuthabathela ecaleni isiqondiso wokusebenza Orlowski futhi Smolenskaya kwakuhamba kancane. Ibutho bale midlalo bandisa ukumelana. Ngosuku lwesine we okuhlaselayo iRed Army wafohla streak ukuzivikela German ku Kirov esifundeni edolobheni. ibutho Weshumi sawela umfula Bolva. Promotion engaba ngu-20 amakhilomitha.

Inkambo impi

Ngokuya ngalolu hlelo, 13 Agasti waqala okuhlaselayo yayo Kalinin Front. On Duhovschinskom isiqondiso babe lama-39 futhi Army 43rd. Kwaphela izinsuku ezinhlanu baqhubekela amakhilomitha 6-7 kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zakhi yehlulekile ubamba amabutho Wehrmacht. Ngokusebenzisa izenzo zabo ukuze ecasula eWestern Front waqala. Operation "Suvorov" sasiqhutshelwa ukubambisana amaqembu amaningi, futhi abanye balelo butho ngempela uze abanye wokutakula.

Ngo-August 16-Red Army bangena emzini Zhizdra. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu kwanqunywa ukuba limise okuhlaselayo. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze ukudonsa ezingemuva stragglers. Ngaphandle kwale kwakungenakwenzeka ukunikeza amayunithi nophethiloli kanye nezinhlamvu. Phakathi namasonto okuqala emibili izimpi Western futhi Kalinin wafohla endaweni ngivikele Wehrmacht bebheke uMsindisi Demensk, ukukhula amakhilomitha 40 bese abadedela nguhhafu ayizinkulungwane zokuhlala.

umlenze wesibili

New Elninskaya-Dorogobuzhskaya ukusebenza baqala Agasti 28, 1943. Ngosuku lokuqala, amabutho aseSoviet bamasha 9 amakhilomitha. Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa impumelelo ekulweni kwangena ngomshini 5th futhi 2nd Guards Tank Corps. AmaJalimane efakwe anti-tank izibhamu bezama ukumisa ngaphambi kokuba kufike uSuku counterattacks njalo. Nokho, imizamo yabo Bezingekho. Isiteleka amandla ngo-August 30 Wephula ukumelana ehlelekile ekuqa- eMfuleni Ugra , futhi kusihlwa wathatha Yelnya.

Operation "Suvorov" waba ngowokuqala ukuletha imiphumela ingabonakali. Izindaba yokuphumelela Red Army Yelnya ophoqelelwe amaJalimane ukuhambisa bebheke Dorogobuzh. Ukuze sifeze lawa izingxenye, Red Army wayeseyindoda amakhilomitha 18, saqeda mayelana 200 emadolobheni, emaphandleni nasemadolobheni amancane. Phakathi nempi edolobhaneni Borisovka abavamile Tashtemir Rustemov ivaliwe umshini isibhamu isiJalimane, ngoba ngalo kwakhe waba Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

indlela entshonalanga

Futhi ngo-September 1 iRed Army yakhululwa Dorogobuzh. Bangena emzini eWestern Front. Bekabadosa Vasily Sokolovsky. Ukuphendula le Wehrmacht waxosha izinqolobane zabo esingeziwe amandla. kusengaphambili Soviet kancane.

Eyesithupha September, Red Army wayeka, ukufinyelela ijika Gorbachevka Savka Small-Big-Nezhoda Mancina. Lapha kuthuthukiswe ezinamandla nge oqeqeshwe kahle unjiniyela nezingqinamba uhlelo umlilo yadalwa. Phakathi Elnensko-Dorogobuzhskaya imisebenzi, Red Army isihambile 30-40 amakhilomitha, inkositini Yelnia, Dorogobuzh nemizana izinkulungwane ezengeziwe.

Intuthuko entsha

Ngezinye zaso zokugcina isigaba ka Smolensk operation 1943 eyayiyoholela yokukhululwa Smolensk futhi Roslavl. Ukulungiselela ukuhlasela olulandelayo izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kwesokunxele flank we Kalinin Front, waqala ngo-September 14 Duhovschinskom Demidov-operation, amasosha eWestern Front ku ngakusasa - the Smolensk-Roslavl. Zonke iviki ngaphambili Jerk ezayo, iRed Army ayethe njó imigqa matasa.

Kalinin izingxenye sokuhlasela ngaphambili ohlangothini Dukhovshchina olwenziwa. Ngobusuku obandulela le kobuholi ezempi ngosizo aqondisa futhi regrouping olungasidukisa isitha mayelana nendawo amabutho aseSoviet kweqiniso. Disinformation kwakungamanga umsebenzi ukuzivikela. Konke lokhu kuphela nomthelela ekuphumeleleni kwalo msebenzi esasizofika ngokushesha.

izinsuku juqu

Ngo-September 15, wama-39 kanye 43rd we Kalinin Front wamabutho wabhubhisa eziningana amayunithi sizungezwe Wehrmacht futhi esinwebiwe ngaphambili kwakhe ukuphumelela kuya ku-30 amakhilomitha. Ngobusuku buka-19, inani emva lokushaya washaqiswa kakhulu onezivikelo eziqinile elaliyisikhungo esibalulekile ukumelana bebheke Smolensk-Dukhovshchina. Ngosuku olulandelayo, ngaphansi kokulawulwa amabutho aseSoviet uvele Yartsevo.

Umsebenzi at Smolensk wafika isigaba salo juqu. Isenzo yimpumelelo kakhulu Western Front. Kwaphela izinsuku ezingu-5 bakwazi ukuthutha amakhilomitha angu-30. I ezibiyele iyalele ukukhulula Smolensk Septhemba 27 no-21 isibalo wadedelwa Demidov. Ngemva ukulahlekelwa idolobha isitha waqala baleka flank kwesokunxele Kalinin Front, okuyinto isinyathelo Army 43rd. Ngu-24 Septhemba, amabutho aseSoviet babe 10 km kude umgomo waso oyinhloko.

yokukhululwa Smolensk

Ngosuku olulodwa - Septhemba 25 - kwaba yokukhululwa Smolensk futhi Roslavl. Le mizi njengolubalulekile zamasu. Smolensk kwaba Defense Forces iyunithi we Wehrmacht kulo lonke entshonalanga. Okokuqala sasihlanganisa 5 th, 31 th futhi 58 th Army. Lost ISIZINDA zokuxhumana, isitha bezama ukumisa amabutho aseSoviet phezu kwemifula vortex futhi Isibandisi, kodwa iRed Army labhuntsha lemizamo.

Futhi ngo-September 29 Isikhishwe elinye futhi iphuzu eqinile - Rudnya. Izingxenye Western Front sawela umfula Sozh. Bangena emzini Mstislavl, Red, Krichev. Izingxenye Western Front baqhubeka ukuhlasela ku Roslavl isiqondiso lapho amasosha esesizile amaviyo Bryansk Front. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ngo-Okthoba 2, bafika eMfuleni uthambekele. Lokhu ukufohla kuholele Smolensk operation okuhlaselayo. Army Iqembu "Isikhungo" lahluleka sina.

Imiphumela

Ngenxa Smolensk okuhlaselayo amasu olwembiza "kushaft East" we Wehrmacht e sifinyelela ongenhla Dnieper. Army of nezimpi ezimbili lidlule 200-225 amakhilomitha. Zonke badedelwa nemizana ngaphezu 7000. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona amadolobha afana Smolensk, Yelnya, Roslavl, Yartsevo Dorogobuzh, Demidov, Spas-Demensk, Dukhovshchina nabanye.

yizabelo eziyisikhombisa isitha kwabhujiswa. Ukugcwaliswa ngempumelelo kwezinyathelo ekusebenzeni Smolensk uvunyelwe ukuba uziqede impi ye eKursk, impi ngoba ukwethulwa Dnepr futhi afeze ukusebenza kwe-wenkululeko ephelele eDonets Basin.

Kuwo wonke okuhlaselayo, Red Army wathola usizo eside kusukela isitha ezisebenza ezingemuva abashokobezi. Kwaphela izinyanga ezimbili cishe aphazamisa 200 izitimela isitha, iqhume ayizinkulungwane 10 komzila wabhubhisa ayizitha mayelana 6000. Kuphela ukulwa abashokobezi umyalo German kwadingeka ukudala ezine ezihlukene nokuvikeleka division.

ukulahlekelwa Ubude zaseSoviet ukusebenza Smolensk zaba cishe 450 000 abantu (kufaka 107 ayizinkulungwane - the deadweight). Ngokusho imiphumela okuhlaselayo, ukuxhumana 104th babelwe siqu iziqu zayo zokuhlonipha -. Yelnya, Smolensk, Yartsevo, Roslavl futhi t D. Izinkulungwane amasosha futhi abashokobezi wathola izindondo, futhi ubuqhawe ikakhulukazi ovelele - isihloko esiphezulu Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.