Ingabe uyazi ukuthi ubani owavela umshini unezela?

wokubala prototype - umshini ungeza - kukhona kakade eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-300 edlule. Kulezi zinsuku ukwenza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezibalo kungaba kalula, buthule ngokucindezela izinkinobho wokubala efanayo noma ikhompyutha, iselula, i-smart phone (lapho isicelo okuhambisanayo efakwe). Futhi ngasekuqaleni kwale nqubo isikhathi esiningi futhi wadala eningi ngokuphazamiseka. Nokho ngaleyo ndlela ukubukeka idivayisi ukubala kuqala ukonga on izindleko umsebenzi ngokwengqondo lalifuna ukuba uthuthuke ngokwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke ezithakazelisayo ukwazi owasungula umshini kubalwa futhi uma lokho sekwenziwa.

Ukuvela umshini ngokungeza

Ubani owasungula le umshini wokuqala kubalwa? Leyo ndoda yayiyisibani usosayensi German Gotfrid Leybnits. Isazi sefilosofi omkhulu nesazi sezibalo kudivayisi esakhiwe ehlanganisa ukuthutha nezinqe, roller wangenela. Lokhu okusungulile Leibniz owethulwa umhlaba 1673.

imibono yakhe yabusa unjiniyela French Tomas Ksave. Wasungula umshini kubalwa ukwenza imisebenzi ezine izibalo. Ukumisa izinombolo eyalo ukunyakaza toothed isondo-eksisi, kuyilapho Slots avele inombolo kwesokudla, ngamunye wangenela roller oluhambisana idijithi elilodwa izinombolo. Kudivayisi icushiwe ngokushintshanisa isigwedlo uhlangothi, okuyinto yena, washukumisela lo amagiya ngezimpaphe, enika elamukelekile. Kwakuwusuku umshini wokuqala ukungeza, olwaqalwa ekukhiqizweni.

kudivayisi ukuguqulwa

EyiNgisi uGeorge. Edmondzon nguye abenyukela umshini ngokungeza nge indlela isiyingi (ukuthutha wenza isenzo kumbuthano). Le yunithi yadalwa ngo-1889 ngesisekelo tomasa Ksave kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Nokho, hhayi izinguquko ethile ekuklanyweni amadivayisi kwenzekile, leli apharathasi kwaba njengoba nzima futhi esingesihle, efana ezazingaphambi kwayo. Isono efanayo futhi okulinganayo okwalandela zedivayisi.

Kuyaziwa owasungula umshini ngokungeza nge ikhiphedi yezinombolo. Kwakuwusuku American F. Baldwin. Ngo-1911, lapho bethula ngokubala idivayisi, lapho iqoqo izinombolo ezivezwa ukudedelwa mpo esinezinhlamvu ezingaphezu 9.

Ukukhiqizwa eYurophu isungule ezifana amadivaysi nokubala unjiniyela Carl Lindstrom, udala usayizi emfishane futhi ukuklanywa zedivayisi. Kukhona kakade wangenela ezinamasondo ahlelwe thwi kunokuba nendawo, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinto ahlelwe iphethini checkerboard.

On the eSoviet Union, umshini wokuqala ngokungeza lamiswa efektri "Schetmash" kubo. Dzerzhinsky eMoscow ngo-1935. Lalibizwa ngokuthi ukhiye ngokungeza umshini (CSM). ukukhiqizwa kwawo kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ukuqala kwempi yezwe yesibili, bese waqala ngendlela onobuhle entsha imishini semi-automatic kuphela ngo-1961.

Eminyakeni efanayo zadalwa kanye namadivayisi okuzenzakalelayo, ezifana "TIM-2" futhi "Zoemtron-214", ezisetshenziswa emasimini ahlukahlukene, ngenkathi umsebenzi besihambisana nesiminyaminya umsindo omkhulu futhi ngokungalungile, kodwa kwaba ithuluzi kuphela ngesikhathi, esiza ukuba babhekane nge semali izibalo.

Manje, lezi amadivaysi ezibhekwa siyindlala, bona kuyabonakala kuphela njengoba ucezu Museum noma iqoqo lasendulo abathandi art. Sesihlole umbuzo owasungula umshini ekubaleni, kanye nokuhlinzeka ulwazi mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe umlando kule yunithi, futhi sethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi kuyoba usizo abafundi.