IsiZulu wobunxiwankulu revolution

AmaNgisi wobunxiwankulu revolution, izizathu kwamiswa ngisho ngaphansi Elizabeth 1 okuyiwona, indaba uhlukaniswe izigaba ezine. Esokuqala kwaba esigabeni eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. Lokhu kwalandelwa impi yombango. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzabalazo okuqukethwe yeningi nomunye impi yombango. Kuphelile IsiZulu wobunxiwankulu revolution kwekhulu le-17 lapho kumiswa nezizimele weRiphabhulikhi.

Njengoba sekushiwo, phakathi ephalamende kanye umqhele ukulwa likwazi ukuboshwa nokuqaqwa ngisho ngaphansi Elizabeth 1. Eminyakeni wokubusa Charles 1 le ngxabano kwaholela kuqedwa ePhalamende. Ngemva kwalokho waqala IsiZulu wobunxiwankulu revolution, okuthiwa emlandweni ngokuthi "ukuhlubuka okukhulu."

Njengoba isikhali ngemibono eliphikisayo wakhuthaza emikhulu zenkolo nezombangazwe inhlangano yomphakathi - Puritanism. ukunyakaza samaPuritan kuyinto ukubukwa ahlukahlukene kanye yinkimbinkimbi isakhiwo kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi enhlanganweni kuya phezulu le ngxabano babe ukusakaza ezintathu eziyinhloko.

Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa nabebandla laseHabe. Ifakiwe ezinhlwini ebukhosini lawela kanye nonxiwankulu. Zazifuna ukusungulwa lapho sebebuswa inkosi eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo.

Umkhuba lesibili kwakubhalwe nezizimele. Phakathi kwabo kwakuno-abameleli izikhulu amancane phakathi, kwezakhi phakathi onxiwankulu ezisemadolobheni. Kwakumelwe esivuna amakhosi ohlanga elinganiselwe ngokomthethosisekelo nge isimemezelo nokubonwa inkululeko inalienable yato tonkhe takhamuti kukhululwe.

Yiqiniso nezizimele levelers wama phandle, okuyinto sasisekelwa abalimi kanye netingcweti temsebenti. Levellers khulumela umqondo wokuthi ukulingana kazwelonke, ubukhosi, walwa ukusungulwa i-republic.

IsiZulu wobunxiwankulu revolution ithuthukiswe ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kwaba nomthelela ukusheshisa yezwe kanye behluliwe 1639 empini Anglo-Scottish.

Isimo sishubile ngempela. Urban abancane kanye nabalimi abancane yokuvukela, ukunganeliseki phakathi abathengisi kanye bezimali, ukuntuleka imali ukubeka le nkosi e yayisesimweni esingenathemba. Ngenxa yalokho, Carl 1 obize le ephalamende elisha, elabizwa ngokuthi eside. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke amaNgisi wobunxiwankulu revolution uye wathuthela esiteji ngokomthethosisekelo yesibili.

IPhalamende Long ngokuhamba umsebenzi wabo wathatha Triennial Act (okuyinto kusungulwa ukubiza wePhalamende njalo eminyakeni emithathu kungakhathaliseki intando yenkosi), umthetho wePhalamende ayikwazi ziyoncibilika ngaphandle kwemvume yayo. It lwemukelwa futhi Grand Remonstrance, okutshengisa izithakazelo yezikhulu futhi onxiwankulu entsha.

Ngakho, amandla ayetholakala izenzo kakhulu kuvinjelwe corona, kugqugquzelwe ukusungulwa lapho sebebuswa inkosi eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. Usesikhundleni evelele ephalamende LaseHabe esatshwe ukuthuthukiswa inguquko.

Inkosi e 1642, e Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo lika-ePhalamende imemezele impi. IsiZulu wobunxiwankulu revolution wakhula empini yokuqala yombango. Ngenxa manqikanqika Inqubomgomo prosviterian, iPhalamende wanqoba. Ubuholi wamabutho wathatha phezu nezizimele.

Nokho, ngo-ehlobo 1645 ibutho ePhalamende kwaba ihlelwe kabusha. I Yombango (ngowokuqala) Yaphela ngokukhululwa ukunqotshwa kwezinhloko zamaviyo wasebukhosini. Presbyterian ePhalamende kubhekwe inguquko kuphelile, ke kuhambisana isikhundla kwakhiwa futhi isimiso sezombusazwe kuleli zwe isimiso ohlanga eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo.

Nokho, ezinye izimfashini ezimbili (Levellers nezizimele) ziye zafuna izinguquko ezinqala more. Ngo-1648, it idedelwa yombango phakathi Independent Presbyterian nePhalamende. Ngenxa ukulwa owokuqala wathatha eLondon kungabalwa Long ePhalamende Presbyterian iningi.

Ngemva yomcebo yasebukhosini e 1649 eNgilandi iba i-republic. Njengoba amandla ophakeme kwakungu ezandleni kwePhalamende unicameral.

Abaholi nezizimele kwaholela nge Cromwell esungulwe uhulumeni wobushiqela lempi. Abaholi shoka them Levellers bagqunywa ejele.

Ngaphansi kwalowo mbuso wobushiqela wawa ngemva kokufa Cromwell. Izwe 1659 elimisiwe republic. Ngenxa yalokho we lokuketula uhulumeni iminyaka 1688-89 kwase kunesiqiniseko ebucayini phakathi Izicukuthwane lawela kanye nonxiwankulu.