Wayeyisazi designer kanye nobukhulu ukuphakama Eiffel Tower

Yini liphathelene Paris Izivakashi eziningi nabantu nje nesithakazelo? Yiqiniso, Eiffel nezwe odumile Tower, okuyinto emakhulwini edonsela onolwazi nelukuluku futhi ngendlela eyisimanga. Indaba umbhoshongo Kuyathakazelisa futhi engavamile, njengoba umlando iyiphi wobuciko eyaziwayo empucukweni yomhlaba.

Ngo-1889, kwaba ozoba embonini embukisweni impumelelo. Wedolobha laseParis, wakhethwa. Lo mbukiso owawuse ngokokuqala yeshumi nambili futhi kwachithwa izinto ezintsha emkhakheni wezesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Paris njengomuntu aphethe izihambi, ngokuvumelana baseParis, kwadingeka ukwethula emhlabeni impumelelo emangalisayo kakhulu.

Kuyo France kwathiwa emncintiswaneni amaphrojekthi, enye yazo kwakufanele abe hhayi kuphela litshwayo edolobheni, kodwa futhi uphawu embukisweni uqobo. Abakhi engcono yezwe ethulwa amajaji lwezithonjana yaso ephezulu. Ngemva kwezingxoxo ezinde, okuthandayo wanikezwa umbono uGustave Eiffel, wezakhiwo ayesevele aziwa yeFrance. Wasikisela ukwakha enhliziyweni inhloko-dolobha enkulu yensimbi isakhiwo wabuthela kusuka ngabanye izakhi mbhoshongo aliveza uhlobo umbhoshongo, ikhwele esisekelweni esiqinile. Le phrojekthi uzethemba kakhulu, hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa kwekhulu le-19. Ngemva kokuphela ukuphakama Eiffel Tower elalizokwakhiwa lalizoba amamitha angaphezu kuka-300.

Ukwakhiwa kombhoshongo laliyisenzakalo grand ongenawo analogue. Ngokushesha ukucacisa eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuyinhloko kuyinto ikhono lokubekezelela nsuku zonke umbhoshongo umoya umthwalo ukumelana isisekelo, isimo somhlabathi, izakhi inhlangano ephakamisa ukuba ukuphakama - zonke izinto zenziwe, kanye nolwazi imisebenzi enjalo ayengemaningi abakhi kuphela, kodwa futhi onjiniyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe ngokushesha nje ngemva ukwamukelwa yephrojekthi wawa Izibuyekezo baseParis thukuthele, owayekholelwa ukuthi indawo isakhiwo esinjalo ugly yazalwa metal, ayikwazi kuhlanganiswe izinto zomlando yenhloko-dolobha. Naphezu kokuphikisa, waqala umsebenzi.

Ukwakhiwa kombhoshongo waqala ngoJanuwari 1887. Indawo ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo wakhethwa ibhange kwesokunxele Seine. I element nzima kakhulu ukwakhiwa uvele isisekelo. Ukuze ekuwulungiseleleni futhi ukwakhiwa wathatha unyaka nesigamu, lapho ukwakhiwa wabaselwa eqoqwe cishe kweziyisishiyagalombili. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili-plus i-Eiffel Tower uvele phambi kwamehlo abantu baseParis nezivakashi.

Ukuphakama Eiffel Tower kwaba amamitha abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu, okuyinto irekhodi kabili emhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi, lo odumile imibhoshongo ecijile Cheops, Ulm Cathedral kanye Cathedral Cologne. Eiffel wakwazi ukubala olunembile nemininingwane emincane isigaba ukwakhiwa ngamunye, ukucabangela ngokuningiliziwe ukuqaliswa inqubo ngamunye. Ngokokuqala ngqá e-umkhuba ukwakhiwa ku-akhawunti ngaphambi yokubekwa kwesisekelo inhlabathi izakhiwo Benziwe kanye kwesigubhu yayo, okuyinto kwenziwa ucwaningo. Base phezu ubuchwepheshe bamuva wakhiwa kusetshenziswa umoya onomfutho. Isikhundla umbhoshongo kwadingeka ukuba njalo ulungise leyo Jacks efakiwe, ngamunye ephethe umthamo bephakamisa angu-800.

An emisha yayinokuphakama-Eiffel Tower. Kusukela imiklamo ezandulele zale usayizi ungazange enziwe, kwakudingekile ukuxazulula inkinga ka ephakamisa futhi yasibamba izakhi. Eyfelevskaya embhoshongweni uhlelo umakhi sika asebezifinyelele kakade ukuba khona amathathu phansi. Ukuphakama esitezi sokuqala kwaba 58 amamitha - umsebenzi ilula ebukhoneni Cranes akhethekile ngamawinji. Ubunzima ezingase ziphakame lapho kwakhiwa esitezi sesibili, ngoba isethwe at 116 amamitha ngaphezu komhlabathi. Ngokucacile le njongo wayeklanyelwe ekhethekile crane unjiniyela uyakwazi ukusebenza ngesikhathi eziphakeme. A crane Uphakamisa komzila i platform okhethekile.

esitezi sesithathu - iphiramidi 180 amamitha eliphezulu futhi 16 amamitha amabili ububanzi, okwakubekelwa eqoqwe on the spot. Ikhumbula ukuthi ukuphakama Eiffel Tower endaweni amamitha angaphezu kuka-120, okwenza kwaba ngokomthetho nzima. Ngokukhethekile ngalezi zinhloso Kwasetshenziswa imbeleko obandayo, okuyinto kwaku abasebenzi.

Kwenzeka isimanga, lesi Iphrojekthi ngokuphelele aliveza Eiffel, ezazingakaze ngaphansi zokubuyekeza. Izibalo wakucabangela konke, kuhlanganise esiphezulu umthwalo kungenzeka, okuyinto ungakwazi ukumelana design. Zonke imininingwane design abangu machined efektri yethu siqu futhi onjiniyela baye ezenziwe milimitha eliseduze.

Usuku ezisemthethweni kuvulwa umbhoshongo ubhekwa-March 31, 1889. Wayeneminyaka engu-wobuciko ngempela. Ithuba ukukhuphuka futhi bheka phezu komuzi wakwenza iphrojekthi commercial yimpumelelo, hhayi kuphela kwekhulu le-19, kodwa namuhla, futhi igama umdali phakade immortalized encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla umlando.