Umdlavuza omkhulu welwandle: isithombe nencazelo. I-crab yokwakheka kwe-marine

Emhlabeni wethu kunezinkulungwane ezingaphezu kuka-70 zonke izinhlobo zama-crustaceans. Zitholakala cishe kuzo zonke izidumbu zamanzi zomhlaba: emifuleni, emachibini, olwandle, nakanjani, olwandle. Ngayo yonke inhlobonhlobo yama-crustaceans, ngisho nanamuhla akuzona zonke izinhlobo zazo ezifundwa kahle yizo zoologists. Omunye wabameleli abakhulu kunazo zonke lezi zinhlobo zezilwane yi-lobster enkulu ye-sea, i-crab ye-hermit nenja ye-mantis.

Ubani ama-crustaceans?

Ngakho kuyisiko ukubiza iqembu elikhulu (subtype) lezilwane ze-arthropod. Lezi zihlanganisa ama-crabs awaziwayo, ama-shrimps, ama-crayfish, ama-crayfish (ama-mantises, ama-hermits, ama-lobsters), ama-lobsters, njll. Okwamanje, ososayensi bachaza izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-73 000 zezidalwa. Abamele leli qembu lezilwane baye bazi kahle cishe zonke izinhlobo zamagumbi eplanethi yethu.

Iningi labantu baseCrustacean liyizidalwa ezihambayo, kodwa emvelo umuntu angathola futhi amafomu afanelekile, isibonelo, amadada asezilwandle noma ama- sea acorns. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-crustaceans ezilwane zasolwandle, ezinye zazo, isibonelo, ama-crabs nezinyosi, zikhetha ukuhlala emhlabeni.

Indlela yokuphila

Ama-crustaceans, kuhlanganise ne-lobster, ne-mantis, kanye ne-crab yokumisa, ziphakathi kwemindeni yabo nezinhlobo zazo, zombili ezinkulu nezincane. Eziningi zalezi zilwane zingazifihla ngokuphelele, ziguqule umbala wazo kumbala wezwe elizungezile, isibonelo, i-lobster eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlanzi zigijimela, zibhukuda futhi zikhuphuka yonke indawo, ezinye zikhetha indlela yokuphila engazinzile, zizihlanganisa nento eyodwa noma enye engaphansi kwamanzi.

Ama-Crustaceans amaningi avikelelwa ezitheni ngamagobolondo e-calcareous, kodwa akubona bonke abakwazi lokhu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-lobster enkulu, kanye nama-shrimp kanye nama-crabs asinawo amagobolondo. Umzimba wabo ugcwele igobolondo elinokwethenjelwa, eliqukethe amapulangwe anamandla. Amagobolondo anjalo ajwayelekile kuwo wonke ama-crayfish emfuleni.

Ukukhiqiza

Ama-crustaceans aseMarine wanda, abeka amaqanda. Zonke izinhlobo ze-khansa ezinkulu zifana namaqanda ezinhlanzi. Isibonelo, ama-lobster abeka amaqanda abo ngobuningi obukhulu kakhulu - kusukela ezinkulungwaneni eziyizi-1.5 kuya kwezigidi ezingu-600 ngezikhathi ezithile. Yiqiniso, akuzona zonke amaqanda azokwazi ukususa i-crayfish. Abaningi babo baya ekudleni izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zasolwandle.

Ngakho-ke, ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe abameleli abambalwa abakhazimulayo be-subtype yama-crustaceans olwandle : i-mantis crayfish, i- crab ye-hermit ne-lobster (lobster).

Ukuthandaza

Lezi zilwane zihlala ezindaweni ezijulile ezingasolwandle nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Isici sabo esiyingqayizivele ngamehlo anzima kakhulu emhlabeni. Isibonelo, uma sikwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala emithathu kuphela eyisisekelo kanye nemithunzi yabo, ama-shrimp ase-mantis abona i-spectrum enemibala engu-12. Ososayensi abaye bahlola lezi zilwane baqiniseka ukuthi babona imibala ye-infrared kanye ne-ultraviolet, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokumiswa kwe-flow flux.

Indlela yokuphila nokuzingela imicu

Umdlavuza we-sea mantis yisidalwa esinonya, esiholela ekuziphatheni okuzimele. Esikhathini esiningi esichitha emigodini noma emagumbini angaphansi komhlaba. Imfucumfucu i-mantis ishiya isiphephelo sayo kuphela lapho kusetshenzwa ukudla noma ukuguquka kwendawo yokuhlala. I-prey yabo ibanjwe ngosizo lwezingxenye ezibukhali nezigqinsi emilenzeni yokubamba: ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, ama-shrimp ase-sea mantis enza ukukhahlela okusheshayo nokunamandla kulesi sisulu, ukubulala. Izilwane zidla kokubili ama-crustaceans amancane nama-gastropods. Abazideleli futhi badla ukudla.

Isihlahla seHermit

Lezi zidalwa zinokubonakala okungavamile. Ngezindlela eziningi, kuncike endaweni yokuhlala. Ama-crab aHermit ahlanganiswe ngendwangu eboshiwe ngokomoya. Ngaphandle, kuphela imilenze emibili yokuhamba imilenze ibonakala. Ezimbili zokuqala kukhona izihluthulelo zobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ukugqoka okukhulu kunazo zonke kudlala indima yenkomo: ngogwayi lwaso olwandle, lugxuma umnyango wegobolondo laso.

Indlela yokuphila yama-hermits

Igama lalezi zinhlobo ze-crayfish zasolwandle ziyazikhulumela: zihola indlela yokuphila yodwa. Njengekhaya nendawo yokukhosela, izinhlanzi eziningi zisebenzisa ama-shells asele kwi- gastropods. Lezi zidalwa zihlala ezindaweni ezihamba phambili nasemanzini angajulile olwandle. Ezinye izikhumba zezimbuzi zingashiya amanzi isikhathi eside, zibuyele elwandle kuphela ngenkathi zizala. I-Hermits yizidumbu ezivamile.

I-lobster (lobster)

Kuyinto umdlavuza omkhulu womkhumbi womndeni wama-invertebrates. Ekuboneni kokuqala, lokhu kudalwa kungakhumbuza wonke umuntu umdlavuza odumile womfula, kodwa kusekhona umehluko phakathi kwabo. Bonke abamele lo mndeni bahlukaniswa izimpikiswano ezinkulu. Kuzo zonke ezinye zifana ne-crayfish evamile.

Indlela yokubona i-lobster?

Ukuhlukanisa le lobster kulokhu noma lowo mdlavuza omkhulu, kubalulekile ukuba unake izihluthulelo nemilenze yayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi ama-lobster eqiniso anezinhlanzi ezinkulu, ezisezinyaweni zombili zokuqala. Emilenzeni yesibili nengxenye yesithathu, lezi zilwane nazo zinamahlumela, izikhathi ezimbalwa kuphela ezingaphansi kwalezo zokuqala. Ngokuphelele, lezi zidalwa zinezinhlangothi ezinhlanu zemilenze.

Incazelo yangaphandle ye-lobsters

U-Omar ngumdlavuza wemanzini ohlala emanzini amaningi eplanethi yethu. Izihluthulelo zalo ezinamandla kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuthola ukudla nokuvikela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitha zasolwandle. Ekhanda lama-lobster kunezinhlanzi ezintathu zomhlathi. Okunamandla kunazo zonke yizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-mandibles, ngendlela ama-crustaceans abawasika ngayo ukudla. Amahlathi asele ahlungwa. Ngandlela-thile, igobolondo le-lobster i-lobes kalula liqhekeze ama-claws awo amakhulu.

Ekudleni lezi zidalwa zidla konke okunomvelo, okungukuthi, badla konke okufika emaceleni abo. Ngenxa yalokhu bazulazula amahora ngaphansi kolwandle. Njengawo wonke ama-crayfish, ukudla okuthandayo kwe-lobster kuyinsalela ebolile yenyama yezilwane zasolwandle. Aphinde azinqabe ama-crustaceans amancane, izimbongolo, ama-mollusk nezinye izinambuzane.

Amehlo omdlavuza omkhulu womkhumbi emhlabeni wonke unamahlo amaningi amancane namanye abantu, okuthiwa yizici. Ngokumangazayo, iso elinye le-lobster lingaba nezinhlamvu ezingu-3000! Ayitholakali kuphela e-crayfish ejulile. Ama-bristles asekhanda athatha izitho zokuzwa. Ngesizo sabo, ama-lobsters azizwa, aphunga futhi anqume ukubunjwa kwamakhemikhali amanzi.

Incazelo jikelele yama-lobsters

Ama-Lobsters, njengezilwane eziningi zasolwandle, uphefumule ngegill. Zitholakala ngaphansi kwegobolondo labo. Lezi zidalwa zikhetha amanzi aphuzi kakhulu namanzi ashubile, okushisa okungekho ama-degrees Celsius angaphezu kwama-20. Ama-Lobsters akatholakali olwandle olusuka ogwini lwezwe lakithi, ngoba indawo yabo igcinwe isiqhingini saseScandinavia nge-Atlantic.

Lo mdlavuza wezilwandle une- dimorphism evezwe kahle ngokobulili, okungukuthi, abesilisa bahlale bekhudlwana kunabesifazane. Isifunda esiswini kulezi zilwane sithuthukile kahle: zonke izingxenye zokusebenza nezigaba ziyahlukaniswa ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi inselele. Ngokuvamile igobolondo le-lobinous lama-lobster liyaqhubeka.

I-musculature yomzimba kulezi zilwane iqukethe imisipha ekhethekile futhi ethuthukile. Ukuphila kwama-lobster wesilisa kuphakathi kweminyaka engu-25 kuya kwezingu-32, kanti ama-lobster amabhinqa aya eminyakeni engu-55. Ngokusho kweGuinness Book of Records, umdlavuza omkhulu kunazo zonke owenziwe olwandle olwandle olwaluqhutshwa eCanada (eNova Scotia). Isisindo sawo sasingu-20.15 kg.

Ukuziphatha kwama-lobsters engozini

U-Omar ngumdlavuza wemanzini ongakwazi ukuzilimaza ngokuphepha kwawo. Isibonelo, uma uthatha isilwane ngesitha, ama-lobsters azilahla ngaphandle kokungabaza, okungukuthi, wona ngokwawo alahlekelwa yimilenze yawo (ngezinye izikhathi kuya kwesithupha ngesikhathi). Lokhu kuvumela ukuba babalekele engozini, befihle endaweni yokukhosela.

Izitho ezilahlekile zivuselelwa ngesikhathi, okungukuthi, zibuyiselwe. Yiqiniso, inqubo yokubuyiselwa kwabo ngokuphelele ingadlulela iminyaka eminingana, kepha yini okufanele ukwenze - impilo yakho iyabiza kakhulu. Futhi ama-lobsters ayaqonda kahle lokhu.

Kungani i-lobster ifile?

Okokuqala, ama-lobsters, njengamanye ama-crustaceans, angama-link e-chain chain. Ngamanye amazwi, baya ekudleni izinhlanzi eziningi zolwandle, izinhlanzi ezinama-moustached (njengokudla okuyinhloko) nezinyoni. Iyini imfihlo, ama-lobster namanye ama-crayfish, kanye nama-shrimp, ama-oyster, ama-crabs - lokhu kuyizintandokazi eziyintandokazi abantu abazidlayo. Kwaze kwafika kuze kube manje ukuthi okwamanje izitshalo zonke zakhiwa lapho ama-crayfish akhiwa ngokukhethekile ukuze asetshenziswe ngokuqhubekayo ekudleni.

Okwesibili, ama-lobsters azwela kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali amanzi. Isongo esibulalayo kulezi zilwane kungukungcola okuqhubekayo kwamanzi nezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene zezimboni, ama-slags nezinye izidumbu.

Lobsters ekuphekeni

Njengoba sekushiwo, ekuphekeni, i-crab enkulu yolwandle ibhekwa njengento enhle kakhulu. Abantu badla inyama yakhe, edume ngobubele bayo. Inyama isetshenziselwa ukudla okuvela ngaphansi kwegobolondo, futhi kusukela emilenzeni nasezinkolweni zama-lobster. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu badla i-caviar nesibindi salezi zilwane. Ezitolo zokudla ezivela ku-crustaceans, soufflé, isobho, amasaladi, ukudla okudla, ukudlala, i-croquettes, i-mousses, njll.

Ukuqothulwa kwama-lobster

Abantu baseCrustacean bahlala behla. Kusukela phakathi nekhulu le-XIX, imizamo yokuqala yenziwa ukuhlakulela ama-lobsters ezinqolobaneni zokufakelwa. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XXI, lo msebenzi wawuzuze ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje abantu abakwazi ukuthola indlela yokuhweba inzuzo yokulima inhlanzi yolwandle.