Yamadivayisi umhlaba wokulima. Sample yokuthengisa inkontileka

Land efanelekayo ukutshalwa kokudla kuphoqelelwe amasiko, ezibhekwa Okuqondiwe amasu kuwo wonke amazwe. ERussia, okuyinto, nakuba kubhekwa njengento ingxenye enkulu yalo "zone wezolimo okuyingozi", efanelekayo wezolimo ezweni ngobuningi, njengoba esizindeni ewusizo, angaphansi kuhlolwa isimo.

Land wezolimo njengoba isihloko kuthengiselana

Phakathi yokwakha kabusha, lapho kwakukhona cishe ushintsho oluphelele lomthetho kuleli zwe, isimo ilahlekelwe simo sayo njengoba Umnikazi ongayedwana bezwe. 04.25.1991 Yokutholwa, Ikhodi ye RSFSR Land ukuchitshiyelwa soMthethosisekelo ka 1978 abantu ukuba ngumnikazi esingenamkhawulo ukuthi amasayithi izidingo ezahlukene. Ngakho yasungulwa le ukujanyiswa ukudayiswa umhlaba wokulima nenkathi eyiminyaka engu-10, esimweni reception yayo mahhala, futhi iminyaka 5 kusukela osukwini othenge ngemali ethile.

Nokho, ne ukwamukelwa ngo-1993 soMthethosisekelo yonke imikhawulo yasuswa, futhi amasayithi babé abahlanganyeli abagcwele inzuzo civil.

Land Ikhodi WaseRussia (RF LC) yiSigaba 11.1 ichaza izindawo njengengxenye surface area emhlabeni, imingcele zazo asethwe futhi bhalisiwe e emthethweni othile oqondile. Futhi bamatasa ingenakunyakaziswa sihlukaniswe, okungezona consumable, izinto idluliselwa ukuthi abe nesici esithile ngesimo ngesimo esingokomthetho (isigaba), okuyinto lihlelwe kuye ngenjongo komhlaba.

Phakathi kwalezo ezibalwe umthetho izigaba ezweni esetshenziselwa izidingo kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, kukhona kwasekuqaleni, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwawo okukhethekile ukuze sisetshenziswe umbuso. ENgxenyeni 1 Isigaba 77 se-RF LC Lezi zihlanganisa izinto ezilandelayo:

• Izindawo engaphandle nemizana futhi senzelwe nomsebenzi wezolimo - (. Amapulazi, isitoreji okusanhlamvu nokunye) atshale, imfuyo, notshani, nenhlanga, kanye nokubekwa izakhiwo ezifanele.
• Izindawo lapho ungakwazi ukuzibandakanya kwezolimo kodwa kwezinye izigaba - lokubuyiselwa komhlaba kanye non-ihlathi emazweni Isikhwama ihlathi.

Zonke izinto ezichazwe Ukwakheka kwakhona heterogeneous, futhi wawuhloselwe ukudayiswa elandelayo izinhlobo zabo kungabandakanya:

Izingxenye komhlaba wezolimo

emazweni Agricultural izindawo kuze kuqala ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo	umhlaba abangekho kwezolimo ezindaweni izinto "asizayo"
umhlabathi olimekayo (indawo yokutshala izilimo)	imigwaqo yangaphakathi
izitshalo zisetshenziswa ipulazi ukudla (ezithelo, izivini, njll).	izitshalo Ihlathi ukuze azivikele eyingozi ingxenye (umlilo, imimoya hot nokunye.)
Imali - emhlabeni, ababekade bezisebenzisa njengezikhali ngaphambili inkambu lishayisa, kodwa ngakwesokunxele ukuphumula ukuze siphinde sithole izindawo evundile	Land ezakhiweni unomphela noma ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, izakhiwo kanye nemishini, okuyinto zenzelwe izinqubo zokulondoloza kwemikhiqizo yezolimo
haymaking	izinto Water - amadamu zemvelo noma zokwenziwa ivaliwe (amachibi amanzi cut umsebenzi)
	Communications, kuhlanganise sokufunwa

Kungakhathaliseki ukwakheka kanye olinganise komhlaba, ukudayiswa yabo izoba ngaphansi imithetho ekhethekile, ezithile RF Land Ikhodi futhi zoMthetho Federal № 101-FZ (ngemuva kwalokhu - uMthetho inzuzo). Nokho, zikhona ezinye izici ukudayiswa nokuthengwa komhlaba wezolimo nge ukufakwa okukhulu komhlaba asizayo. Ikakhulukazi, Ukwakheka kwabo, izimo nesenzakalo kanye nokusetshenziswa eminye kumele zifakwe umbhalo sivumelwano.

Imikhawulo kwesikhatjhana ukuthengiswa komhlaba

ezindaweni kwegazi Civil Kwenziwa ikhumbula okumiswe Civil, Ikhodi Land kanye neminye imithetho. Ngaphansi baqonde izimo, ukuvinjelwa ezikhawula umnikazi ngesikhathi kuhlukaniswa komhiaba (easement, mortgage, ukwethembana ukuphathwa, irenti, njll).

Ngokwe nemithetho uMthetho inzuzo, ukuthengwa nokudayiswa umhlaba wokulima has ukulinganiselwa ezilandelayo:

1. Lots kungukuthi idluliselwe ubunikazi nabezizwe (abantu noma izinkampani), abantu lizwe ababhekwa njengezakhamuzi zalo, kanye nezinkampani isiRashiya, uma dolobha isabelo sabo ogunyaziwe kobunikazi amazwe ezingaphezu kuka-50%.
2. Izindawo ezingeke zikwazi ukuthengiswa nge ushintsho alandelayo isigaba (uya khona). Kulokhu, ngemva kuthengiselana ovumeleke ukushintsha ukusetshenziswa evumelekile ezweni. Ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye izindawo ugunda zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela emadlelweni.
3. Ngokusho Article 4 emuva, enomnikazi nelilodwa (umuntu noma ibhizinisi) kungachazwa endaweni kuphela - kusuka 10 kuya 100% we lonke inani izindawo emikhawulweni komasipala. Okuningi ukulinganiselwa ezithile imithetho yesifunda.

Oku-emptive amalungelo ukuba bathenge umhlaba

Isigaba 8 soMthetho ichaza isithiyo esikhulu ukuze kutungeletela umhlaba - igunya esifundeni ukuze ukuthengwa ezweni lapho bayidayise. Banikezwe ukubaluleka yecebo endaweni futhi ukudla, ukulinganiselwa umyalelo ekhethekile bokuhlukaniswa, ngempela okunengqondo.

Ingqikithi yalo amalungelo pre-emptive wukuthi umdayisi ngenhloso ukungena kule inkontileka sokuthengisa indawo esizayo, siphoqelekile ngokubhala ukunikeza ulwazi olulandelayo:

• ukubaluleka izwe nokuphila nemizana phakathi kwezinhlangano (izinsuku ezingu-90);
• endaweni into futhi q ehektheleni. amamitha;
• Indawo (ikheli) ingxenye Imininingwane cadastral yokubhalisa;
• cadastral (okunemibandela) inombolo komhlaba;
• ulwazi mayelana umthengisi, kuhlanganise nemininingwane yokuxhumana.

Isaziso ayidingi ukungena ulwazi mayelana ikhasimende. Umthetho kudinga notation phezu kuhlukaniswa ngokwayo. Futhi, le dokhumenti akusho kuhilelani incurring isiphi isibopho ukuthengisa.

Isaziso idluliselwa ku ehhovisi noma igunya wathumela incwadi nohlu nezinamathiselo. Esikhathini amanothi ezilandelayo efanele futhi imibhalo kuyoba ubufakazi main ezimpikiswaneni enkantolo yiqiniso kwalesi inkontileka sokuthengisa.

Uma isiGungu umzimba (umnyango, inkonzo, umnyango) esifundeni enqaba ukuthenga, umdayisi ngesaziso esifanele, kwesikhatjhana ukuthengiswa komhlaba umhlaba wokulima kufanele ubanjwe unyaka ongu-1. Kodwa isinqumo ukuthengwa izwe kungase omuhle. Kulokhu, beqala ukuthatha isinyathelo sihloko imithetho yesifunda ehlinzekela ezithile isaziso umdayisi (isaziso, umyalelo noma umthethonqubo) kanye nokubhaliswa okwalandela ukudayiswa nokuthengwa sivumelwano.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthengiswa komhlaba wezolimo esifundeni Moscow ngesisekelo kwesigatshana 3 kanye neSigaba 10 inani Law 75/2004-OZ ka 12.06.2004 edolobheni, ozoba phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-60 emva Ukwamukelwa umzimba kamasipala kwemhlaba.

Ngaphezu amalungelo esifundeni noma umasipala, umthetho Russian kunikeza inzuzo kanye nabanye:

1. Eyisakhamuzi ngaphansi lento 8 Isigaba 22 se-Code Izwe Russian Federation unelungelo athenge izwe yaqashiswa kubunikazi isimo ezweni phambi kwalo lonke nabanye abantu abanentshisekelo.
2. Lapho umnikazi ucabanga - Agriculture Organization - Umnikazi womhlaba engumakhelwane abe nalo ilungelo zangaphambi emption nezinto zayo.

Ukuhambisana izimo zokuthenga okukhethekile kudingeka. Endabeni ka ukuhlukumeza, ukuthengwa nokudayiswa kwendawo yezolimo ayikwazi ukuthatha indawo noma nilenze enkantolo.

Le sipho ngoba kwesikhatjhana ukuthengiswa komhlaba: isampula

Izinkambiso izihloko № 101-FZ athuthukiswe ezingeni lesifunda, ngokusebenzisa Ukukhishwa imithetho ehlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthengiswa komhlaba wezolimo e-Ivanovo kulawulwa uMthetho № 31-OZ ka-May 8, 2008 "On the ngemuva izwe lase-Ivanovo esifundeni." Kwezinye izifunda isimo kuhlukaniswa yalezi izinto afakiwe kwemithetho jikelele njengoba isahluko ehlukile noma isigaba.

Kunjalo mayelana isaziso ukudayiswa esizayo isayithi. Ezindaweni eziningi, uyamenywa ukuba uthumele incwadi ku ifomu lamahhala, ecacisa ngayo yonke imininingwane edingekayo. Kodwa kwezinye izindawo ifomu evunywe isigungu. Ngokwesibonelo, esazisweni Nizhny Novgorod Isifunda kufanele athobele Isijobelelo № 1 Ngayo Esinqumweni Uhulumeni № 453-r angoMashi 13, 2012

Pathways kuya kuthengiselana yengxenye yokufuna

Treaty, njengendaba eyiqiniso zomthetho, livela ngenxa izinqubo zayo isiphetho phakathi abazimele (umthengi nomthengisi), okuyinto ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni zonke izimo. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuba isivumelwano futhi kwale mibandela elandelayo:

1. Kumiswa umhlaba.

Yamadivayisi komhlaba wezolimo kungenziwa kuphela ezenziwa maqondana amasayithi ngabanye, okusho idlule inqubo ohlola (ukusungulwa kanye nokuhlanganiswa imingcele phansi) futhi ukubhaliswa cadastral ngokuhambisana zoMthetho Federal bona № 221-FZ ka 24.07.2007

2. Isaziso amandla eliphezulu esifundeni kanye / noma indawo yisifiso ngithengise izwe ngemibandela ukhonkolo nokuthola imvume kuzo ngempendulo efanelekile.

3.Ukuthola kwemvume yomuntu wesithathu ukudayiswa, uzwakalise ngokubhala. imithetho yamanje ukuhlinzekela lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo kubo:

• Imvume iyisithandwa yomnikazi ukudayiswa (kwesigatshana 3 kanye neSigaba 35 se-Code Family).
• Kwemvume umlawuli yesikhashana, umhlangano abakweletwayo 'noma umuntu ohlinzeka ukulondeka ngokwezimali (Izihloko 64, 82 kanye 101 zoMthetho Federal № 127-FZ ka 26.10.2002 "Ngo abaLawula").
• Kwemvume yomnikazi (amapulazi ngabanye, ezolimo) angomakhelwane izindawo uma isayithi esifanayo umdayisi esimweni ucabanga at the stage of ucabanga ekuqhutshweni.

Lolu hlu olungenhla lezimo evulekile, njengoba isidingo izenzo ezithile ngoba isiphelo sesimiso inkontileka yokuthengisa kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi, kuhlanganise site ngokwayo, indawo yayo, umnikazi welungelo, indlela inyumbazane.

Ngokwesibonelo, lapho kabusha ukudayiswa akukho Ucwaningo umsebenzi liyadingeka, njengoba isihloko inkontileka ke asewenzile kakade ku-Accounting ezifanele. Isaziso iziphathimandla ngenhloso ukuthengisa liyadingeka kuphela uma umdayisi kuyinto ngabanye yangasese.

izimo ezibalulekile

Izinhlinzeko Article 432 Code Civil (Civil Code), kunqunywa ukuthi ngaphambi esiphethweni langempela kuthengiselana kanye ukudluliselwa impahla nemali amaqembu kumele avumelane ngokuthi kwale mibandela elandelayo:

1. Isihloko yesivumelwano - incazelo egcwele izwe ukuhlukanisa ke kwabanye. Umkhuba isungule iqoqo ulwazi kumele icaciswe inkontileka:

• Inombolo cadastral;
• ikheli (indawo);
• ehektheleni endaweni noma isikwele. amamitha;
• isigaba kanye nokusetshenziswa kuvumelekile.

2. Intengo bezwe expropriated - inkulumo ethi impahla ye isibopho sokubuyisela umdayisi ngokufana imigomo yabo inkontileka sokuthengisa. Kungaba icaciswe njengeyunithi ngoba yoke imikhawulo wonkana, futhi per unit endaweni. Amaqembu bakhululekile ukukhetha ubukhulu yentengo, kodwa ngeke akwazi ukuyishintsha ezinqumela.

In the ukungabikho mibandela inkontileka yokuthengisa endaweni Ngeke ukhishwe, kodwa kakhulu isimo sengqondo khona impahla yayo, omunye umuntu nje ngeke kwenzeke.

Amalungelo kanye nezibopho nomthengisi we Isiqinti esibiza

Land ukudayiswa komhlaba wezolimo akusho definition into futhi intengo, kodwa futhi isiqondiso oluphelele izenzo amaqembu (umthengisi futhi umthengi) ku ukudluliswa, ukwamukelwa nokukhokhwa kwezintela impahla, kanye okwalandela ukubhaliswa mbhalo e Rosreestra.

Amalungelo nezibopho yomnikazi kunqunywe umthetho osebenzayo we Russian Federation, futhi zimi kanje:

1. imisebenzi namalungelo Umthengisi.

1.1. Ukunikeza konke ukwaziswa okukhona mayelana umthwalo (imikhawulo) ingxenye, ikhwalithi kanye amathemba ukusetshenziswa kwabo ohlosiwe. Lolu lwazi:

• imvume ukuqhuba ezithile ezolimo (izivini, idivayisi, ukudalwa into, njll);
• khona iziteshi angomakhelwane ukuthi ibe nanoma imuphi umthelela ingxenye atholwe;
• izakhiwo qualitative zomhlaba, ezithinta ukusetshenziswa kanye izindleko;
• neminye imininingo ezingase nganoma iyiphi indlela ukushintsha isinqumo umthengi ukuthenga.

Amalungelo ezweni kungase kungagcini ukusungulwa ezingeni lesifunda, nezimfuneko ezithile ukusetshenziswa mode ukuphathwa kanye ixhunyaniswe ukuvikelwa kwezilwane kanye isitshalo imihlaba, inhlabathi nokongiwa, indawo yemvelo zezinyoni ezingavamile izilwane noma izinyoni, imizila kufuduka zemvelo nokunye.

Abanikazi izwe lingenzi ukwazi yonke imikhawulo, kodwa kumele icacise kwinkontileka yilawo zaziwa.

1.2. Dlulisela umhlaba.

Ngaphansi kwaleli lungiselelo libhekisela izenzo yomdayisi eqinisweni futhi umthetho ngesikhathi kusungulwa lomthengi sokuthola umhlaba. Futhi kwakusho hhayi Ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "Ukuklonyeliswa" nokuthi lishumekwe izwi ngumthetho.

Ngokusho isigaba 1 Article 224 Code Civil, iyiphi into kubhekwa anikezwa ngemuva yokuvuma ngqo kwelifa loonyana umthengi. Lesi sakamuva ungaboniswa njengesabelo komhiaba ukukhululwa kwe-umdayisi noma ukumisa yokulima.

Isibopho ukudluliswa senziwa ngesimo idokhumenti ekhethekile - nesenzo ukudluliswa nokwamukela esisayinwe amaqembu abanezinkontileka futhi kuphela ke kubhekwe ugcwalisekile.

2. Ilungelo eziyisisekelo umdayisi yikhono adinga inkokhelo ngesikhathi esifanele yezwe ngaphansi imigomo yenkontileka yokudayisa. Uma impahla elihlukanisiwe amandla wezokuphatha angase:

• ukuqapha ukuphepha kanye nokusebenzisa indawo;
• ezidinga ukusetshenziswa okuhloswe komhiaba, kanye Ukugcwaliseka kwezinye izibopho ekusetshenzisweni zensimu.

Amalungelo nezibopho umthengi Isiqinti esibiza

Izinhlinzeko yezenzo futhi amakhono lomthengi, njengoba umthetho, zifana ngokuphathelene umdayisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lona wamuva angeke akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngaphandle izenzo elihambisana umthengi. Ngokuvamile bangakwazi ahlukaniswe abe amaqembu 2:

1. izibopho Eyisisekelo.

1.1. Cash ukubaluleka komhlaba lemali, imigomo kanye nenqubo eyasungulwa inkontileka sokuthengisa. Njengomthetho, lokhu kuphumela ukudluliswa kweemali ku-akhawunti in the oda yokukhokha egcwele.

1.2. Izenzo okuhloswe ngaso kwemukelwa izwe lefa langempela ezweni nokwenza isenzo ukwamukela ukudluliswa.

Inombolo yezibopho ezengeziwe ezinikezwe umthengi zikhulu kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile zihlanganisa imvume yokukhokha intela yomhlaba hhayi ngosuku lokushintsha komnikazi wesayithi kumarejistri weziphathimandla zentela, kodwa kusukela ngosuku lokuqeda isivumelwano sokuthengisa noma ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa okwamanje into. Yena, njengomthetho, unesibopho sokuqhuba nokukhokhela ukubhaliswa kokudluliselwa kwamalungelo kwisayithi e-Rosreestr.

Uma igunya lezinto ezithengiswayo lingumnikazi wendaba yokudayiswa, ezinye izibopho zingadluliselwa kumuntu othola imali, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukugcinwa kwesondlo kanye nokufezwa kwendawo eseduze kanye nemigwaqo yokufinyelela;
• Imigomo nenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwendawo yokuhlwanyela;
• Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala mahhala kwabamele izinhlaka zombuso kwisayithi ngenjongo yokuhlola izici zokuphathwa;
• Ukulondolozwa kwemingcele nemingcele ye-geodesic;
• Isethi ethile kanye nesikhathi sokulinganisa nokuthuthukisa isimo somhlaba.

2. Ilungelo eliyinhloko lomthengi liwumthwalo womthengisi futhi liqukethe isidingo sokudluliswa kwesikhathi esifanele komhlaba ngokusemandleni okusebenzisa amandla akhe omnikazi:

• Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo nezakhiwo zezimfuno zezolimo;
• Sebenzisa ngezinhloso zabo siqu zamaminerali atholakale esidlangalaleni, emanzini angaphansi komhlaba kanye nezidumbu zamanzi;
• Ukukhipha ukuchelela, ukugeleza, ukuvuselela imisebenzi, ukwakhiwa kwemithombo yamanzi (amachibi kanye namakhekhe).

Izinkontileka zokuthola umhlaba akuzona eziphoqelekile futhi ziphethwe ngaphansi kwemithetho ejwayelekile yokuthengwa nokudayiswa kwezindlu zangempela. Kodwa akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izenzo zangaphambili, izinhlobo zezinkontileka. Isibonelo, nge-oda leKomidi laseRussia yeRussian Federation ngo-1/16/770 kusukela ngo-02.06.1993, isibonelo sekhontrakthi yokuthengwa nokudayiswa komhlaba wezolimo sevunyiwe. Njengamanje, le dokhumenti ilahlekelwe amandla ayo, kodwa ingaba iphuzu lokubhekisela ekuthengisweni komhlaba.

Izinhlinzeko ezingavumelekile zenkontileka yokudayiswa

Isigaba sesi-2 se-Article 37 se-RF Land Code sibhala izimo lapho ukudayiswa komhlaba wezolimo kuyobe kungavumelekile:

1. Ilungelo lomthengisi noma omunye umuntu ukuhlenga impahla emuva kuthanda noma ngaphansi kwanoma yimiphi imibandela. Ukuba khona kwalesi sivumelwano kungqubuzana nalokho okushiwo yimpahla.
2. Imikhawulo yomnikazi omusha (ukuthola) kungenzeka ukuthi ulahlekelwe ngokwengeziwe impahla eyamukelwe. Isibonelo, ukuvinjelwa kokubhaliswa kwezindlu, ukuhlwanyela kwezitshalo ezithile, ukuqashiswa kwemali, njll.
3. Ukuxoshwa komdayisi wesakhiwo sezwe kusuka ekuzibophezelweni uma kwenzeka izimangalo kanye nezicelo kusayithi kusuka kumalungu wesithathu noma imizimba yombuso. Isibopho sokukhokhela umthengi ukuhoxiswa noma izithiyo ekusebenziseni isayithi kunikezwe ku-Article 461 ye-Civil Code yaseRussia Federation.
4. Incazelo yezenzo zomnikazi wesikhathi esizayo, nganoma iyiphi indlela ehlobene nokushintsha kwesigaba sezwe lomhlaba noma ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwezinye izinhloso, okungukuthi, hhayi ngezidingo zezolimo.

Ukusungulwa kwalezi zimingcele kunesimo esithile kanye nokusebenza kahle. Isibonelo, ngenxa yabo, amacala akhishwe lapho, ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuthengisa, isivumelwano sokubambisana siphetha. Ngokuya ngesilinganiso kanye nomthamo wokufakwa kwesivumelwano, ukudayiswa komhlaba wezolimo kungavunyelwe ingxenye noma ngokugcwele.

Izindlela zokuphetha inkontileka yokuthengisa

Ukucabangela uhlobo lobunikazi kanye nokwakheka kwesifundo, inqubo elandelayo yokudayiswa komhlaba wezolimo ihlukaniswa:

1. Ukutholakala kwesayithi elizimele ngaphansi kwemithetho yonke yokudayiswa nokuthengwa, okuhlinzekelwe ku-§ 7 yeSahluko 30 se-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation, izihloko ezingu-30 no-38 ze-RF Land Code, Isigaba 8 se-Federal Law No. 101-FZ.
2. Ukuthola isayithi ngokusebenzisa ibhidi (imincintiswano noma izitolo). Ngokuvamile, le nqubo yenziwa ngokuhlukaniswa kwezakhiwo kubunikazi bomphakathi. Imithetho ehlukile yokwakha izici zokuthengisa umhlaba wezolimo ngokubambisana ayitholakali, kanti izinhlinzeko zoMthetho ngokubuyisela zibhekisela ekuhlinzekeni okujwayelekile kwezingxenye 38-38.1 ze-LC RF.
3. Ukuthola isayithi ngumqashi. Ngalendlela yokuthenga, uhlobo lobunikazi lubaluleke kakhulu. Uma ukudayiswa kungaphansi kwesakhiwo sangasese, ukuthengiselana kulandela imithetho yonke. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthenga umhlaba oqashiwe ovela kumbuso noma esifundeni, njengoba kulandela isigaba 4 se-Article 10 soMthetho wokuThuthukiswa komnotho, kodwa ngaphandle kokungabikho kwemithetho ekhona ekhishwe yizinhlaka zombuso noma zikamasipala ezinikeze isayithi ukuqashwa.

Isimiso sokukhululeka kwenkontileka siqhubeka, kufaka phakathi indlela esiphethwe ngayo, okwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa iziqephu zomhlaba hhayi ngaphansi kwemithetho yendawo yonke, kodwa nangasendlini yangasese yangasese (amathenda, ezithengiswayo). Izimiso zomthetho ngenzuzo ayivimbeli lokhu, zibophezela ukugcina kuphela isibopho sokukwazisa igunya le ndaba mayelana nenhloso yokuthengisa isayithi.