Imithetho ekuvimbeleni ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi. Inhlawulo ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi eRussia. Lapho ukubhema kuvunyelwe?

Ukubhema - umkhuba omubi kakhulu okuholela ekubeni imilutha nezinkinga zempilo. Uhulumeni waseRussia elwa kanzima nalabo abalithanda-nicotine, yingakho imithetho ekuvimbeleni ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi Benziwe. Abaningi babo bezwa, kodwa bambalwa bayazi zonke izichibiyelo kanye inhlawulo. Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe imithetho kakhulu mayelana ukubhema, kanye nenani izinhlawulo ngemali mthetho.

mayelana bill

23/02/2013 umthetho odluliselwe ukuvimbela ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi we Russian Federation. It has igama elisemthethweni inombolo 15-FZ. Kuyinto umbuzo temphilo kanye nemvelo nokusondelana lentuthu kagwayi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izinto sebhili sesingasebenza kuphela ngonyaka ngemuva kokwemukelwa ngokushesha. Ngokwesibonelo, kwentelwa kutsi letichibiyelo ngokwanda izintela imikhiqizo kagwayi, kanye intengo minimum futhi esiphezulu kagwayi Waqala ukusebenza kuphela ngoJanuwari 2014.

Ngo-July 2014 umthetho ekuvimbeleni ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi we Russian Federation iye yathuthuka. It satjhugululwa, eziphathelene ukuhweba kwetimphahla ngogwayi. Nokho, ngenxa bayophuma kuphela ngonyaka ozayo, 2017.

uMthethosivivinywa uhlose

Ngokwezibalo kusukela Ministry of Health unyaka ngamunye ngenxa yomdlavuza futhi eziningi nezinye sina wamaphaphu nesifo ubulala ezingaba yingxenye yesigidi izakhamuzi Russian Federation. Izinkinga eziningi zezempilo kubangelwa yokuhogela intuthu kagwayi noma asebenzayo. Lesi sibalo iyashaqisa. Kwaba njengoba phetho ukukhula umkhuba inani ababhemayo uhulumeni yokutholwa bill lokuvala ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi. Ngokombono wabo, kufanele kube push ukunciphisa isibalo ababhemayo ukuqinisekisa ukukhuthazwa yokuphila enempilo nje isizukulwane esisha.

Okuphokophelwe yi-bill kukhona, njengoba sishilo phambilini, ukuze unciphise inani ababhemayo, exclusion emthethweni ugwayi yokuthengisa Izitolo, kanye ukukhuthazwa ukuphila ngendlela enempilo, ekuthuthukiseni isimo jikelele we imvelo kanye nokuvikela ukuphila non izakhamuzi. Naphezu imigomo, izazi zithi imiphumela yokuqala umsebenzi womthetho kungabonwa kuphela emva okungenani iminyaka emihlanu.

Uqinisile lapho ungakwazi ungabhemi?

Umthetho esivala ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi kusho uhlu izifunda lapho banqatshelwe usebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi. Ukwahluleka okuthobela nanoma kwemibandela yomthetho akuhileli eside izinhlawulo yemali ngokwephulwa yayo. Kusukela ngo-June 2013 ensimini ka Russian Federation, non-ukubhema amamitha eduze kuka-15 kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezikhumulweni, ulwandle, umfula futhi emoyeni emachwebeni, ngezitimela ezigcwele. Ukuze zonke ezinye izigaba indawo isicelo imingcele ezimbalwa, okuyinto ngazo manje.

Sanatoriums, izibhedlela, izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi, emagcekeni emafulethini, amabhishi, zokudlala, isikhungo sakho semfundo noma amasiko - yindawo lapho kukhona kuvinjelwe ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi (umthetho). 5 amamitha ezakhiweni - ibanga lapho lo mthetho usebenza. Lowo okonile kuyodingeka ukuba ngikhokhe inhlawulo.

Ukubhema endlini efulethini

Kaningi ababhemayo kuwumbono oyiphutha lowo ukuthi uvunyelwe ukuba ngibheme emaphasishi esikoleni, njengoba kuba yangasese. Nokho, zonke akunjalo. Ukungena - lena impahla yomphakathi, okuyinto kubhekwa indawo yomphakathi. Sikholelwa ukuthi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kunoma yisiphi isimemezelo, kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho. UMthetho ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi we Russian Federation Ubuye kubo. Ukubhema akuvumelekile isakhiwo sokuhlala, uma ine- endaweni ehlukile kwafakwa komoya okuhle futhi avunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa ngaphansi indawo yokubhemela abasebenzi.

Ubani uqaphe ukwenza ngokuvumelana nalezi amazinga?

Kuze kube namuhla, umthetho phezu ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi we Russian Federation ngcono kulekelelwa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayekhona iminyaka emithathu, hhayi wonke umuntu azi eqinisweni bani is ukuqapha kuhambisana namazinga obekiwe kuyona.

Nokho, uhulumeni wase abukakasunguli inhlangano ehlukile ngabe akangajeziswa emthethweni ababhemayo, babe eside ukucabanga ngakho. Nakuba isakhiwo esisha, okuzokwenza ukuqapha ukubulawa kwabo umthetho, engakaze esidalelwe ababhemayo yengamela amaphoyisa. State Duma iPhini Oleg Nilov ukholelwa ukuthi uqale ukubulawa yomthetho akufanele ukuqapha ngokwabo izakhamuzi. Ululeka baseRussia at the emehlweni ukubhema ngokushesha athinte amaphoyisa. Nilov futhi bancome ukulungisa ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nemithetho ikhamera. Okwamanje, amaphesenti ayikhulu we mthetho kufanele bajeziswe nanhlanu kuphela.

Nilov ikholwa ukuthi uma indlela izakhamuzi ngaphezulu Russia asabela ngayo komgomo ezinjalo, umthetho kungaba kusebenze kakhulu.

Inani izinhlawulo yemali

Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, umthetho kwadluliselwa ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi. Inhlawulo baye basungula kuphela ngemva konyaka. Oleg Nilov ukholelwa ukuthi into esemqoka - akusiwona usayizi isigwebo yemali, kanye irreversibility yokukhokha. Ake sihlolisise lokho izinhlawulo silindele mthetho. Ukuze yokubhema lokudlala noma naye kuyodingeka bakhokhe phakathi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili ezintathu. Inani elifanayo esihambelana nezinye izindawo maqondana nalapho lo mthetho usebenza.

Thanda utshwala, ugwayi, asivunyelwe ukuthenga futhi asebenzise kubantu abangazange sebethole yobudala. Ingane, hhayi ngokuvumelana nezidingo isenzo normative bayakujeziswa inhlawulo ka ezintathu abe izinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Futhi okusongelayo isigwebo yemali kanye nomdayisi. Inani kuyoba engama-ruble angu-30 kuya kwezingu-50.

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa imithetho ekuvimbeleni ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi bese exhasa izinhlawulo labo eyethula ingane nge umkhuba othile omubi. I imali yenhlawulo ngokuvamile omunye: yinkulungwane namakhulu amabili. Uma isakhamuzi ubonisa umsindo noma ividiyo nge ukuphathwa ugwayi ingane, enesibopho ukukhokha inhlawulo, okuzoba ayizinkulungwane 20-200.

Ngokusho uhulumeni, isinyathelo sokusiza umphakathi wanamuhla umthetho ekuvimbeleni ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi. Izinhlawulo kufanele funda ukwazisa impilo ababhemayo hhayi kuphela yakhe, kodwa futhi abanye. Fall kulawulwe ngokucophelela kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi. Uma inhlangano engahlangabezani ngokugcwele izincomo mayelana Izindawo izindawo ukubhema, kuyakuthengiswa inhlawulo ezisukela ruble 20 kuya kwezingu-80. Ukuhambisana nemigomo lemisiwe ledzingeka ukuqapha kwamaphoyisa endawo futhi yikuphi ukwephula ngokushesha ukuthatha isinyathelo.

Umbono umsizi we uNdunankulu

Umelekeleli kuya Russian undunankulu Gennadiy Onischenko uye wasekela kuvinjelwe ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi. Russia, ngokombono wakhe, kuba ezweni impucuko, okuyinto bayayazisa impilo yabo ngempela. Onishchenko wagcizelela ukuthi ukubhema uthi ukuphila kwezigidi. Imithetho ekuvimbeleni ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi, ngokombono wakhe - ukhetho best ekulweni okubi. Yena okholwa ukuthi lokhu ushevu kancane, futhi udinga ukuba ilwe umzabalazo okuqinile naye.

Imithetho mayelana ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi phesheya

Uma Russia kwenza kuphela izinyathelo zokuqala sisendleleni eya ngendlela enempilo ngaphandle ukubhema, kunjalo nakwamanye amazwe amaningi, le mpi sekuqhubeke iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi. Ngokwesibonelo, e-America, nase UK ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yogwayi izindawo okungagunyaziwe lowo okonile uzokhokha uhlawule ngobukhulu kusuka omunye dollar ayinkulungwane ezimbili.

Imithetho mayelana ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi kakhulu elawulwa eGreece Japan ngokucophelela. Kukhona okuhle the violator kungaba phakathi amadola ayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Ngokumangalisayo, Japan kukhona uhlu emgwaqeni lapho ngokuphelele non-ukubhema.

Iculo le-Cigarettes kusukela ngaphansi esiphikisayo

Ukwephula bill, okuyinto manje kuzoxoxwa, yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi. Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa umthetho № 15-FZ unqabela Izitolo okudayisa ukusakaza kwemikhiqizo yogwayi iwindi. Uhulumeni uncoma ukugcina osikilidi ngaphansi counter, futhi umbono jikelele ukucabanga inani layo likwenza ubone kuphela. Kufanele kube khona izithombe, kuphela igama kanye nentengo.

Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu,

Ngo-2013, imithetho ekuvimbeleni ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi seyemukeliwe, kodwa usubakhiphile ezuzisa umphakathi, okungafaka ulindele uhulumeni kanye nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi ukubhema ingxenye labantu? Njengoba sishilo phambilini, izibalo izotholakala eminyakeni nje emihlanu lase kodwa nokho izinguquko ezithile zisuke zisekhona. Mayelana nabo kanye nenkulumo.

Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ekuqaleni kakhulu ukuba bafinyelele iziphetho, kodwa kuyafaneleka ukuthi abantu ababhemayo ambalwa. Sesinciphe kakhulu iphesenti eyeve eshumini nambili ababhemayo. Uma ngaphambi kokuba hudula ekhoneni esikoleni, futhi manje ngalesi uqaphe ngokucophelela amaphoyisa wesifunda.

AMANGA e umthethosivivinywa

Nommeli ongumakad 'ebona Timur Bondarev wathi ukuthi umthethosivivinywa yahlelwa akunembile. Siyakhumbula ukuthi ukulawulwa onqabela ukubhema zokudlela zasendlini nezindawo zokudlela ezinhle. Nokho, incazelo yalo izakhiwo singamelwe. Ngakho-ke ukwephulwa kalula inselele. Ngokusho kwakhe, umthetho kumele athuthukiswe, ukuze esikhathini esizayo ngeke ukubhekana ukungezwani.

Umbono we izakhamuzi Russian Federation

Ngemva kokubukeza zonke izimpendulo, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi imicabango yabantu zazihlukaniswe ngomthetho yokutholwa. Ngokuvamile kunabangabhemi izakhamizi ukusekela emisha, kodwa ababhemayo basabela. Ngokuvamile, basuke kuqhathaniswa ukuvinjelwa ezinjalo.

Sahlulela

Umthetho № 15-FZ sacala kusebenta muva nje, eminyakeni emithathu nje edlule. okutholakele Global ekuseni, kodwa kuyabonakala ukuthi ngcono sisekhona. Kwema okuthile hhayi kuphela okukhuthaza imikhiqizo kagwayi kumabonakude, kodwa futhi ukudayiswa evulekile. Lokhu kwamvulela ithuba lokunikeza ukwehla kwenani ababhemayo, abanye babo intsha. Ake bathemba ukuthi lena kwakumane kuyisiqalo, futhi umthetho izohlomula umphakathi, kuhlanganise esizukulwaneni esisha.