Nanini isabizwana: imithetho kanye okuhlukile

isabizwana nanini libhekisela engaqinisekile noma engaziwa referent (into, umuntu) noma epulazini lakhe. Lezi tabito zihlanganisa: okuthize, omunye, into, noma ubani, noma yini, noma ubani, njll akhiwa izabizwana interrogative, kanye aduduze non-ukusetshenziswa, futhi postfix -okungukuthi Koe. , someday.-noma. Ngokwesibonelo, othile - umuntu, umuntu, umuntu, umuntu; lapho - endaweni ethile, Wabeka endaweni ongawathola, endaweni ethile, noma kuphi; kangakanani - kangakanani ezimbalwa, ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi.

Ukwahlukanisa ngesisekelo tabito nanini Amaphatho

Ngakho, tabito nanini ngolimi Russian zihlukaniswe zibe:

• Izikhombo - iphuzu entweni ethile okukhona ngokoqobo (Koe-ke, into, umuntu). Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, isithenjwa isabizwana ingahlukaniswa ngesisekelo aziwayo noma ongaziwa baba izigaba ezimbili:
  
  1) tabito ongacaciswanga kahle - asetshenziswa esimweni lapho isikhulumi into eyaziwa, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungacabangi for the isilaleli (owodwa Koe, omunye-ke ukubaluleka Koe) ukuthi yaziwa (isibonelo: Ngizokutshela eyodwa imfihlo);
  
  2) Ukungaqiniseki tabito - ngiwo asetjenziswako ukuveza into engaziwa isikhulumi (ku tabito -okungukuthi) (isibonelo: ngu Ivan kwafika othile).
• Non-Ticukatsilwati - abonisa unfixed, into elingacacisiwe (noma yini-noma, ngolunye usuku) (isibonelo: Mina kudingeka bathandaze bacele omunye).

Izabizwana prefixed nge engeke

Lawa: eyodwa, abanye, abanye, into. Lowo mbhangqwana wokuqala ka tabito ekhombisa udumo, ebhekisela isikhulumi engaziwa ozwayo. Kungenjalo bangabulawa ngokuthi kanje: tabito nanini. Iziphakamiso ingakhishwa washayelwa ngakho:

• Ukuze nami House kwafika insizwa, embethe ingubo emhlophe.
• Le ndlu uthisha wami, umuntu Ivasjuk, uthisha emangalisayo futhi umuntu.

Futhi kulolu chungechunge tabito ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa ukuveza umsebenzi introduktivnoy, isb. E. Ngoba isingeniso ekuqaleni umbhalo izinhlamvu ezintsha kanye nezimo. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ngo umbuso ...

Okuthile, umuntu, kwezinye izimo kungathuthukisa ukuveza engaziwa esikhulumini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngeke umehluko izabizwana -okungukuthi. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Okuthile mhlophe futhi ugijimela Fluffy futhi agxume phezu esobala enokukhanya kwelanga ihlathi.

Izabizwana ku nonomusa

isabizwana nanini kuze -Yini senzelwe ukuveza engaziwa ngalo kanye nenombolo yeriferensi isikhulumi:

• Mina wenkampani walalelisisa futhi waqaphela ukuthi empeleni ukhona egumbini.

Futhi ku tabito -okungukuthi ayikwazi lisetshenziswe ngokuyisisekelo incazelo yalo, futhi baqonde okushiwo ngolunye usuku:

• manje Othile kufanele ahlale emsebenzini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchungechunge ku introduktivnuyu nonomusa ongenza umsebenzi:

• Ezinye umfundi-isazi sabhala ebhodini le engenangqondo.

Izabizwana ngelinye ilanga

Inani isabizwana non-Ticukatsilwati kunqunywa ngesisekelo izici ezithile semantic nezinhlobo umongo lapho tabito esetshenziswa.

Ibizo ngelinye ilanga kusho ukuthi umuntu ubhekwa esikhundleni (kungenzeka) kunomunye. Lokho, kulesi simo, libhekisela umongo "off-ukungagunci." lolu hlobo ngemuva singenzeka:

• uma kukhona isimo okukhulunywa ngaso esikhathini esizayo;
• uma kwaba khona isimo, enye, kuze ngisho kubhekiselwe kuzo okwamanje noma esikhathini esidlule;
• usebenzisa ingqikithi Distributivity.

Ngakho, cabanga konke lokhu kabanzi. Esimweni sokuqala, i isabizwana nanini kuze ngolunye usuku isetshenziselwe:

• lwetakhi telulwimi isikhathi esizayo (yena kuzoholela ezinye izibonelo; they hlangabeza endaweni ethile);
• Ukufakwa sesikhathi esizayo, kuhlanganise nezicelo (Irina ufuna ukuya endaweni ethile, uVladimir ngifuna okuthile okuthakazelisa kuwe, umcela engingakuloba);
• I-lesiphocako (ngaphandle umongo isenzo inkulumo yokuvuma, ngisho i-oda) (Sing okuthile, usitshele ukuthi noma yiliphi ivesi, ngasheshe ukulanda i-movie);
• modality amakhono noma kunesidingo (kwakungase (kufanele) abe umuntu ukubiza, othile ukutshela; udinga ukuba kufike umuntu ozoyisiza);
• subjunctive, oplativa (kahle yaliyisa okokuphuza; mina wayezimisele ukwenza noma yini ngaye);
• ukucacisa target (ukuze wenze okuthile, sidinga imali).

Esimeni sesibili, esebenzisa isabizwana esithi, wasebenzisa igama:

• (Un) Ngokuqinisekile, mhlawumbe (Angikholwa ukuthi ukwenza okuthile, ungacabangi bayazi yini ngakho, ongaziwa ukuthi yini libanjwa, neze kuphi kwesokunxele; kusobala ubani Ngamemeza; uma eye balethe okuthile (izolo));
• umbuzo (nezalo bokukhuluma) umbuzo ezicatshangwayo (Omunye okuthiwa Ingabe ubani omunye fanele phi khonondo ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso?);
• disjunction (bathatha ne-Alain noma nanoma yibaphi abangane bakhe);
• nemibandela (uma lutho oluthukuswe, bona ibhadelwe);
• epistimicheskoy modality (othile zilimaze kuye);
• ekuphikeni e subordinating predication (ungacabangi ukuthi kufanele ushintshe noma yini).

Ngoba icala lesithathu usho nezibonelo zawo ezifana: ngasinye kungaholela umuntu naye.

tabito ihomonimi, nanini Ukusebenza imisebenzi

format Liphinyiselwa kwezinye izimo nezakhiwo ingase ivinjelwe. Ake siqhathanise ukusetshenziswa tabito nanini e imibuzo ngokungaqondile, nemishwana lekhontile okunemibandela:

umbuzo ongaqondile :

• Wacabanga futhi ngacabanga, futhi namanje shayela - ukuthola uma okudingayo.
• Out of the ekhoneni lika iso lakhe-ke walinga ukubonana uma kukhona umuntu eduze umshini.

umusho okunemibandela :

• Uma kwenzeka into ebaluleke - bayokujabulela.
• Uma kufika othile, ukukhanyisa isibani oluhlaza.

tabito nanini Inkulumo

Ngaphezu kwalezi tabito bendabuko nanini, futhi zihlanganisa:

• isabizwana Reduplicated: endaweni ethile lapho umuntu (Ubani-ubani, ngakho ke ngeke akwazi ukwazi).
• Izabizwana Inkomba based equkethe -okungukuthi formant (kangaka, kukhona okuthile, ngoba into, njll) (Khona-ke into bese into ongakufeza umzamo).
• Ezinye amazwi okuqondene izingxenye ezahlukene yokukhuluma, okuyizindawo inkomba engaqinisekile: inhlanganisela napodobii elilodwa noma okunye; Umlandzi yaziwa kuchazwe; eyodwa inombolo.
• amayunithi Pronominal kokuba prepositive ingxenye "ziyinhlanganisela" - ezakhiwe isabizwana based spusinga, dunno-lwemsebenti: Angazi ukuthi ubani (bengayi) kuyacaca ukuthi akekho owaziyo nini, Angikhumbuli kanye nabanye.
• amayunithi Pronominal equkethe postpositive ingxenye "kvazirelyativy" - kwaqanjwa pronominal equkethe ngesisekelo peakless lekhontile isihlobo: kuphi, njengoba kuzoba njalo, noma ubani ofuna, nokunye ..

tabito Negative futhi nanini

At ekuqaleni sithi tabito nanini akhiwa kusukela interrogative nge ticalo ezithile futhi postfix. Kodwa ngaphandle kwabo, kusukela ifomu interrogative futhi kungaba tabito negative, kuphela kulesi sikhathi ngosizo ticalo ezifana non - ni- nalapho - kukhona ndawo kakhulu - neze, ubani - akukho, lapho - wake, njll ..

Ngaphezu kwalokho, tabito engemihle futhi nanini unenye sinento esifana ngayo: izici zabo syntactic kanye morphological luqondane labo nalabo kusukela lapho kwakhiwa, okungukuthi, kusukela interrogative.

Izabizwana nge nokwehlukana omubi

Ukwabela tabito nanini, libhekene polarizations ezimbi. Lezi zihlanganisa: leze futhi iphele-noma. Ngamanye amazwi singasho ukuthi ngokuvamile kube umongo ezimbi. Kulokhu, angase indawo e okuqukethwe tabito ezimbi. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Angizange ngimbone noma yimuphi (isabizwana nanini) Ukumelana endleleni yabo yokuphila.

Esikhundleni ukusetshenziswa kungenzeka lwanoma yiluphi uhlobo okuya. Futhi, kungenziwa lezi tabito esikhundleni kungekho ezimbi. Noma lokhu:

• Angifuni ukushintsha into / Angiyi ukushintsha into.

Kuhle kokusho ingenye ukukhipha: uma kuphikisa isetshenziswa umshwana oyinhloko, umushwana okhonzile ingasetshenziswa kuphela noma umuntu - noma, njengoba akunakwenzeka - esebenzisa isabizwana esithi, omubi. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Akwaziwa ukuthi le ncwadi wake (kodwa hhayi ngeke) kwenziwe.

Nokuveza tabito engemihle futhi nanini

Ungakhetha zalezi zinhlobo imithetho ngokubhala la izabizwana:

• ukusetshenziswa izinhlayiya hhayi kunoma yimuphi;
• izinhlayiya ehlukile futhi tho kungukuthi ubhala hhayi nge izabizwana;
• defisnoe isipelingi izabizwana.

Ngakho:

• I kuyizinhlayiyana akuyona ebhalwe ngendlela ehlukile, futhi akukho - akukho ukucindezeleka (lutho, omunye, lutho, into, ngandlela-thile, ukhetha ukungabuthinti nhlobo, akukho ndawo, ndawo, into, lutho).
• Uma asikho isizathu esamukelekayo, izinhlayiya ungalilahli futhi kufanele ibhalwe kanje igama elilodwa (akukho, ezimbalwa, into akekho, kungekho, akukho), futhi uma ikhona eceleni, ku le ibhaxa kufanele eme emkhatsini izinhlayiya netabito (e muntu, kungekho muntu, zingabi yilutho, ize). Ngakho, sithola inhlanganisela ukuthi liqukethe amagama amathathu.
• Nokuveza tabito esingapheli ukuthi zihlanganisa Koe Isiqalo netijobelelo ngolunye usuku-ke, kubalulekile-noma hyphenate.
• Imisho akukho okunye (umuntu), njengoba omunye (omunye) is hhayi esibhaliwe kuyizinhlayiyana, futhi eceleni ebukhoneni izinhlayiya njengoba ehlukaniswe ukungezwakali kwawo. Izabizwana akekho futhi lutho kufanele kubhalwe ngokuvumelana nezimiso jikelele, okungukuthi, ngaphandle ukucindezeleka futhi ngaphandle isabizwana noma kuyizinhlayiyana sibhala, futhi isabizwana ndawonye (akukho okunye (ezinye), akekho omunye (ezinye)).
• Esikhathini imishwana ngenhla ukuphikiswa ungaboniswa hhayi nje ngenxa yezinkulumo Union kanye kodwa okumelwe sithathwe lezi inhlanganisela (ngobatjho kuye wakhe futhi akekho omunye). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lezi ezinye inhlanganisela kuphikisa emshweni ngeke.
• Kepha imishwana akekho omunye (ezinye), akukho okunye (ezinye), bajwayele ukwenza ne kokuphikiswa, njengoba emshweni, lapho kukhona ekuphikeni (Akukho okunye is kahle for you hhayi ukwenza), futhi kakhulu kuyaqabukela emshweni lapho Akunakuphikwa (kuphela akwenzayo futhi akekho omunye umuntu). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuyizinhlayiyana kwanoma iyiphi inhlanganisela idatha ebhaliwe izabizwana ndawonye.

Njengoba singabona, ukupelwa tabito ezimbi futhi nanini iqukethe imithetho kahle elula futhi okuthile okuhlukile kubo. Ngakho-ke, uma kukuhle ukuqonda isihloko, izinkinga ne esipelingi nokusetshenziswa kwalezi tabito akufanele kube. Futhi labo ukufunda isiNgisi, tabito nanini akufanele kusenze noma ibuphi ubunzima, ngoba zisebenzisa izimiso ezifanayo nalezo eziku isiRashiya.

Izibonelo imithetho ngesiNgisi

Cabanga indlela ukusebenzisa izabizwana ezivamile nanini. IsiZulu Lezi zihlanganisa :. Noma iyiphi, okuthize, omunye, umuntu, noma yini, noma ubani, noma ubani, njll Ngakho:

• isabizwana wokuqala avame ukusetshenziswa sentences with ekuphikeni olusobala, ekuphikeni ngokuphelele, kanye nezindaba;
• Laba bobathathu alandelayo asetshenziselwa ngemisho ngoyebo ezindabeni ezihilela lutho;
• ezintathu zokugcina asetshenziswa umusho omubi; e umbuzo jikelele; emshweni okunemibandela; emitjhweni ngoyebo nemibi, uma isabizwana isetshenziswa kusho "noma iyiphi, ngamunye".