Izaba - kungcono ingxenye inkulumo edinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ... I bondzaweni ngesiJalimane

Izaba - kuba isevisi kwenkulumo, ephawula sokusebenzisana we kuncike into nobuhlobo babo omunye nomunye. Siveza okubizwa ngokuthi ubuhlobo syntactic zezitho elandelayo yokukhuluma: inani, isabizwana, ibizo - kwabanye. Futhi sici yayo eyinhloko ukuthi izaba - aluba umsebenzi alisetshenziswa wedwa. Futhi lokhu kubhekiswe kuzo zonke izilimi.

Bondzaweni ngesiJalimane

Indima yalesi tenkhulumo ngolimi kuyafana isiRashiya sethu esingacacile bomdabu. Konke ilula futhi icacile. Izaba - kungcono ucezu exhumanisa iqembu amazwi nomunye. Babevame ziphambi izwi, okuhlanganisa. Kufanele ukukunika isibonelo. Das Fenster (elihunyushwa ngokuthi "ifasitela"), der Tisch (etafuleni). La mazwi zingahlanganiswa ku umusho owodwa. Balamukele esilandelayo: ". Ithebula nge window" "Der Tisch i dem Fenster", okungase elihunyushwe ngokuthi Okuningi kumelwe kuphawulwe ukuthi bondzaweni zisetshenziswa ukunquma uma ibizo, futhi ngokuvamile lesi sabizwana. Kodwa kuphela lokhu ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho lezi tenkhulumo ngemva isabizwana. Asetshenziswa njengezitolo isenzakalo esisodwa unesikhwele futhi eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Nokho, abanye bondzaweni asetshenziswa futhi emva ibizo, futhi phambi kwakhe.

Ukuhambisana tento

Kufanele ukuthi tento eziningi German kufanele ngemuva ibhekwa ethile noma bondza endabeni ethile. Kwezinye izimo, ukubaluleka bondzaweni elawula sento, hhayi nozakwabo efanayo Russian uthumele. Kukhona omunye ngesibonelo esiphawulekayo oyibamba. Inkulumo ethi "Ngicabanga wena" ngesiJalimane uhumusha ukuba "Ich denke i Dich". Uma ngokoqobo ukuqonda lesi sigwebo, kuzwakala ngesiRashiya kuyoba njani lokhu: "Ngiyakholelwa kokuthile / kuwe." By the way, ngesisekelo salokhu, abaningi ukuqonda izinkinga. Russian balwela ukuhumusha ngokwezwi nezwi isiphakamiso esithile, ukuze eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze adlulisele okushiwo interlocutor yakhe isiJalimane, ngenxa nokusebenzisa kabi bondzaweni abaphikisi umane asiluqondi kukhulunywa. Asikwazi ukukhohlwa ngakho. Yingakho kudingeka ufunde uhlu tandziso, kanye ekuziqeqesheni ukusebenzisa.

Iqembu lokuqala

Tandziso, efana nezinye izingxenye eziningi yokukhuluma zihlukaniswe amaqembu amaningana. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela. Yibo okwathi ngemva ngokwami aludingi ngokwempilo yangenyama ethize - iqembu lokuqala. Iqembu lesibili yilezo ziphethwe ngokukhethekile omunye icala, kanye izinhlayiya leqembu idatha ziphethwe ukufa kwabantu ababili (Akkusativ futhi Dativ). Futhi okhuluma yalokho, yini izaba izincwadi, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele ngayinye yalezi amaqembu. Ngakho, ALS kanye wie - labo akudingeki ngemva endabeni ethile. Ngemva kwabo, titfo tenkhulumo ukushintsha indlela umusho. Unganikeza isibonelo: Ich kannte ihn schon als Lehrer (lapha liphinyiselwe Nominativ), futhi uhumusha ukusikisela okungenangqondo ezimbalwa: ". Nami bengingamazi, lapho ayesengumuntu uthisha" Kunokunye ongakwenza, wakhothama nge Akkusativ. Ithi: Ich kannte ihn schon als Lehrer. Futhi ukuhumusha, ngokulandelana: "Ngangazi wamkhonza lapho namanje uthisha." Nakuba, futhi, kuba kuphela idatha ibinzana Russian njengoba eliphilile, isiJalimane, kokubili ongakhetha abasakwazi okunengqondo.

Iqembu lesibili

Ukuze labo, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, yilezo izaba ukuthi zilawulwa icala elilodwa kuphela. Futhi akuyona into engavamile, njengoba abaningi babo futhi sinjalo. Nasi uhlu labo ukusebenzisa Akkusativ (umenziwa wesenzo): ebanzi, pro um, ohne, ngayinye, gegen, je, Durch, für, dis. Ngokwesibonelo, lo musho olandelayo: Ich gehe Durch den Strasse. Ilihumusha ngokuthi "ngihamba phansi emgwaqweni." Okulandelayo: bondzaweni elawula Dativ (umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi). Lezi zihlanganisa entgegen, Aus, gemäß, mit, bei, seit, nach, zu, zuliebe, von, gegenüber. Phela, kuyafaneleka ukuthi bondzaweni abaningi kuhlangene Ngamanye amazwi. Futhi Ezimweni ezinjalo mass. Ngokwesibonelo, zu + sammenlegen - phinda; vor + bei - by, njll Futhi iqembu lokugcina - labo bondzaweni elawula Genitiv (genitive). Nazi ezinye zazo: diesseits, unterhalb, oberhalb, jenseits, ungeachtet, infolge, kanye nabanye abaningi. Ungabona ukuthi kukhona izaba nzima kakhulu leli qembu. Futhi by the way, kukhona ngaphezu kwabanye. Futhi ukuphatha icala elilodwa kuphela.

Iqembu lesithathu

Lawa izaba ukuthi basingathe amacala amabili. Lezi zihlanganisa amagama alandelayo: unter, vor, Neben, Hinter, e, i, auf, Über, zwischen. La mazwi ukusebenzisa Akkusativ futhi Dativ. Futhi kulokhu kakade Konke kuncike umongo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kukhona izwi ethi "wohin?" (Translation: "? Kuphi"), Futhi wabe eseqhuba inkulumo mayelana isenzo eyenziwa ngenhloso, kulesi simo, bondzaweni, okuyinto manje obizwa zisebenze kunjalo sebuniyo Akkusativ. Ngakho olungile esiqokiwe injongo yesinyathelo. Kubonakala sengathi lokhu: "Eri setzte Sich mich Neben" - wahlala phansi eduze kwami. Ngokuvamile, bondzaweni indaba ephathwayo ulula, into esemqoka ukuba ayinike isikhathi esincane bese uvula ekucwaningeni izici akade ngaphambili. Kulesi sifundo icala futhi kuzoba lula ukuwakhumbula. Izaba - akusiwona sihloko ezinjalo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengoba tento okungajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-kulula kakhulu ukuzijayeza. Ngokuvamile, kunoma imuphi umfundisi weluleka abafundi bakhe, onesifo ucishe uhlola ulimi isiJalimane, Gxila ngangokunokwenzeka imvelo ulimi. Ngisho noma awukwazi ndizela eJalimane, umkhuba zingenza ekhaya. Kungcono ukuqala nge amafilimu, izingxoxo, amaculo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi imemori sokuzwa eyaziwa - omunye abaqotho kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa. German uwela kalula indlebe. Lapha ebaluleke kakhulu into - ukunakwa, ngoba ekuqaleni ukuthi kungase kuzwakale kuyindida, isimiso, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-nezinye izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, uma umuntu liyabezwa okokuqala.