Counteroffensive Soviet eduze eMoscow. Wasungula counteroffensive e Battle of Moscow

Emlandweni zikhona izikhathi ayikwazi kabusha noma ukushintshwa akukho mlando. Sinzima ekwindla ka-1941, lapho zisongelwa, kwakubonakala emhlabeni wonke, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa umbuzo yokulondoloza ubuqotho kweSoviet Union, eziningi umzamo useye bevikela eMoscow. Futhi naphezu isimo okukhulu, amandla etincenyeni letintsatfu Disemba 5, 1941 waqala esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo we amabutho aseSoviet eduze eMoscow. Kusukela ngalelo langa, kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekile aminyene abahlaseli undlovukayiphikiswa ukuba imingcele esentshonalanga ye-esimweni sethu. Kodwa akunjalo wacabanga ukusebenza wasithatha USSR kanzima ngamaNazi.

ukuhlela Barbarossa

Summer 1941 kwaba buhlungu uma iSoviet Union. Juni 22 amabutho undlovukayiphikiswa waseJalimane i- emngceleni futhi zayiswa imisebenzi okuhlaselayo asebenzayo. At inhliziyo ukuqala German walala edumile Barbarossa uhlelo, akhiwa Field Marshal Pawulu. Wabiza kusengaphambili okusheshayo amabutho aseJalimane phezu ingxenye European zase-USSR, ekuthatheni wonke amadolobha amakhulu, kuhlanganise dolobha impela eLeningrad (kungenzeka kanjani ngokuthi impi ngoba eMoscow kungaba omunye amaphuzu kokuphenduka kule mpi esabekayo). Okwavelela ukusebenza Paulus babekholelwa ukuthunjwa eCaucasus ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka izinto zokusetshenziswa. Phela, amasheya European uphethiloli umkhankaso eside Wehrmacht ayikwazanga suffice.

Kumele sicacise ukuthi isu eyinhloko leli cebo kusengaphambili ngokushesha kakhulu amaqembu ithangi enamandla okwakufanele crack ngivikele iRed Army nokuqeda ezokuthutha imithambo yayo supply. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi elihamba German embonini yezezimoto, ukuhambisa kancane kancane, uyobhubhisa izinsalela amayunithi wezempi we iRed Army, esahlanganisa ngaphansi ithangi kuhlasela.

Elihamba bayalwa ukudala boilers okuthiwa, kanye nokufinyelela unimpeded ukuze amayunithi supply ithangi ehlasela. Lo msebenzi waphathiswa iqembu ibutho "Isikhungo", iphansi kwesandla sika-Field Marshal Fedor von Bock. Wawunamabhodi we 4 th futhi 9 th Army, eyenziwa ikhava elihamba ithangi iqembu, okuyinto wabunjwa kusukela 2nd namaqembu ithangi 3rd. Inombolo ephelele combat-ngomumo ithangi ukwahlukana kulawo maqembu kudlulwe 60. Air yokwenza iqembu von Bock asibekela 2nd Air Force Luftwaffe, abacela 1680 ukulwa izindiza.

I ubuqhawe of onogada basemngceleni

Naphezu ukuzuma isihlobo zokuhlasela, amahora okuqala kakhulu amaJalimane sabhekana ukumelana okushubile kwabaphathi Soviet umngcele onogada, ngubani Yiqiniso, abakwazanga ukubamba ehlasela ithangi amagejambazo abahlaseli. Nokho, amahora ukuthi they steadfastly wagcina ukuzivikela (a Eqinisweni eyaziwa ukuthi kwezinye izindawo, emaphaketheni of ukumelana smoldered izinyanga), bavunyelwe ukukhululeka okuthile ebuhlungwini isimo samanje eyinhlekelele Soviet amayunithi njalo isiqondiso entshonalanga.

Ngamanye amazwi, isilinganiso "isikhathi - ukulahlekelwa" kusukela imizuzu lokuqala impi yaqala ukusebenza ngokumelene amaJalimane. Lezi imiqondo eshiwo ku Umlando kwezinye ojenene German e-General Assembly Abasebenzi. Nakuba ngokuvamile akuzange kushintshe isimo esikhona manje. AmaJalimane nobunzima, kodwa ehlaselwa, abhubhise amabutho kanye nemishini ye iRed Army. Nokho, kuyilapho bona balahlekelwa esindayo.

Ukukhuthaza maphakathi nezwe

Impi eduze eMoscow okwakukhona izigaba Army Iqembu "Isikhungo", kwenziwa ngamandla. German amagejambazo armored izigubhu athumba abaningi emingceleni ezintsha, kodwa amakholomu kaningi it is gone ngokwabo sabanjwa izikhwama umlilo futhi izigebengu. Kukhona amacala lapho ngobuchwepheshe okulungiselelwe wezikhali abaqamekeli ubhujiswe impi eyodwa futhi amathangi 20-German.

umyalo kaHitler awazange asinakekele imibiko enjalo okwethusayo kusukela nezinduna zakhe. Kwakubonakala sengathi ukunqoba isikhwama. Usizi lokukhulelwa yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba sivikele iRed Army namanje ukuqedela emoyeni ukuphakama amaNazi. Armada Junkers angabekwa emhlabathini emzini ngokuthula, no-fighters akazange bangafuni ngisho abazingela ngamaqembu amancane ababaleki.

izindiza Soviet, eduze imingcele ukuya phezulu, labhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, emasontweni ambalwa isitha wazizwa kuhle ukhululekile esibhakabhakeni. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, abanye fighters namanje lalindiza ngawo. Njengoba esimweni ukusebenza phansi, June 22 amaJalimane yizo lokuqala izindiza. Futhi ngo-August 7 Soviet imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo zezindiza izenzo washaya ngebhomu kuqala ku Berlin.

Izinjongo zalolu sihloko akubandakanyi ukudluliselwa amagama amaqhawe ezidumile amayunithi lempi, okuyizinto ngolaka ukuzivikela, egqoka phansi German ibutho endleleni enhlokodolobha, kanjalo enikeza ithuba ukulungiselela balwe of amabutho aseSoviet eduze eMoscow. Amagama abalingiswa, yebo, akekho umuntu ukhohlwa.

Operation "iSiphepho"

Futhi ngifuna wazi ukuthi okwamanje lapho Wehrmacht waba ngowokuqala esibi, futhi ngokusho kwezinye izincwadi, ochwepheshe, isilonda ezinkulu. Kumayelana usuku, lapho iSoviet esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo eMoscow. Ngangithandaza ngokuqondene ukuthunjwa inhlokodolobha yase-USSR-Adolf Hitler exhumene impumelelo enkulu blitzkrieg yakhe.

Ekuqaleni Jikelele Abasebenzi zamabutho German operation ekhethekile ukuze uthwebule eMoscow lakhiwe, okwakubekelwa codenamed "iSiphepho". Loluhlelo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa okufanayo ithangi "amagejambazo". Three iqembu ukushaqeka ithangi kuhlelwe ukwehlukana izivikelo kweSoviet futhi sifinyelele eMoscow kusuka tinkhombandlela eziningana, kuphela ukuvumela elihamba ngokukhululekile ukungena emzini.

Isikhathi eside empini ukuzivikela

Usuku counteroffensive eduze eMoscow wayesalokhu kude, kodwa ukusebenza amaNazi iqale ngo-Septhemba 30. Njengoba uzungezwe amabutho aseSoviet entshonalanga Vyazma, amaNazi ayehlela nokubhujiswa kwabo okuphelele. Nokho, abavikeli lomuzi lwalunezisekelo ukumelana abanolaka ngokudonsa elihamba yama-Jalimane, lapho kwakuyilungelo elingakanani ukusekela ekuthuthukiseni ithangi iqembu.

Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, izimpi eside ka Vyazma avunyelwe umyalo baseSoviet kakhulu ukuqinisa Mozhayskoe isiqondiso ngezithukuthuku izinqolobane fresh. Lapha-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwaba kwaba esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu lonke uhlelo ukuzivikela, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola ekuqaleni esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo eduze eMoscow.

isimo lokuvimbezela

Ngo-October 13 kuzo zonke izindawo okuholela inhlokodolobha, ngezihluthu Kwagqashuka. UMbuso Defense iKomiti esenqumile wokuba abantu baphume olungaphelele ezinye amabhizinisi kanye zamanxusa eMoscow. Zona efanayo uMkhuzi Stalin wenqaba ukushiya eMoscow.

Ngo-October 19, usesimweni zokuvimbezela waphoselwa. Izinkulungwane Muscovites agcwaliswa division of izidlamlilo kazwelonke, ukumba imisele ukuzivikela, ukufaka antitank izithiyo ekhethekile. Ukubuthelela amasosha aseSoviet ngo-Vyazma ngemizamo kakhulu ephethwe phuma, patting kakhulu welulela ezingemuva isiJalimane kakhulu ekuqiniseni division isakhiwo ayo ukuthi bavikela enhlokodolobha.

umbukiso wezempi

Engxenyeni October yesibili, amaJalimane zaziseza ijubane okuhlaselayo, ngokuqhubeka likhiphe eMoscow. Bathatha orel, Kalinin futhi babesheshe bafike tindlelanchubo Tula. Nokho, umqondo jikelele ukusebenza "iSiphepho" kusobala ekhungathekile. AmaNazi abakwazanga ngaphambi ashubisa umkantsha ukuze uthwebule eMoscow.

Ekuqaleni kuka-Novemba, lapho Battle of eMoscow kwi "wanqamuka," le uMkhuzi Stalin kwadingeka umbono ukubamba a idunyiswe wezempi e Moscow. Kwakuyisinyathelo kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ehlakaniphile zezombusazwe kubaholi Soviet. Novemba 7 umbukiso zenzeka. Yonke labantu zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ngokuphuthumayo nimelana umcimbi kwaba nethonya elikhulu.

La masosha, bamasha mbukiso, wabona Stalin phezu ngisesiteji we wezindawo zezidumbu. Kwaba sobala konke phambi mpi esemqoka kakhulu futhi nganquma ngathi, engesiyo ekuzigwemeni uya ubuholi ngisho ephakeme wezwe. Isimo salo ukhonza phambi iRed Army kwaba unprecedentedly okusezingeni eliphezulu. Singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi impi ye-Moscow, counteroffensive Soviet futhi akhulule isimo kusukela amaNazi waqala lapha, ku Red Square.

Dlulisa amabutho baseMpumalanga Ekude

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimanga ebuhlungu German Jikelele Abasebenzi khona ukudluliswa eziphuthumayo ezivela izigaba Ekude, khona babengazilibazisi ngokunye ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa Union amaFascist Japan. inkonzo Soviet imfihlo wahlinzwa eziyingqayizivele disinformation umyalo Japanese, ngakho amasosha fresh futhi kahle ahlomile lapho ukusekela counteroffensive Soviet eduze eMoscow.

Nokho, umyalo German wayengazi bese uqhubeke nokuthuthukisa impumelelo nokusebenza. Kwezinye izingxenye ngaphambili amaNazi ephethwe ukuza eMoscow phezu km 11. Kodwa naphezu kwemizamo obunamandla iRed Army wema. Bazophela amandla elwa amayunithi German ayengakwenza kusengaphambili ayisekho.

I isimo iphuzu

Kusukela 5 6 Disemba ukuze amaJalimane umkhankaso wokuhlasela ukumangala amabutho aseSoviet eduze eMoscow, futhi amabutho eziphukile German baqhutshwa emuva 150-200 km kusukela enhlokodolobha. Ukulahlekelwa kuzona Wehrmacht kuze kube manje esinganqobeki babe eyesabekayo. Manpower Alone owabhubhisa abantu abangaphezu kuka-500 eziyinkulungwane. Phambili babe izimpi abanolaka kanye eside kweminyaka emine impi. Kodwa ufa lokuqala lezempi umshini laseJalimane lobuNazi kwadingeka khona Battle of eMoscow.