Voronezh. Metro: inganekwane noma zingenzeka ngempela?

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi Esiteshini iyona eshibhe futhi omunye izindlela elula kakhulu ezisemadolobheni izithuthi zomphakathi. Sekuyisikhathi eside namahemuhemu ukuthi uhlobo olufanayo umyalezo ungathola Voronezh. Metro kungaba esidayisa kakhulu voltage osenyameni imoto. Kodwa angakanani amathuba okuthi ongaphansi komhlaba wokwakha Voronezh, futhi ngasiphi isigaba ingabe lo mbono?

iphrojekthi Ingemuva

Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani zisuka ukuthi emenza umqondo wokwakha ezitimeleni e Voronezh.

Ngokokuqala ngqá okuxoxwe uhlelo ukudala i ezokuthutha komhlaba emzini ezinsukwini zika-USSR. Esikhathini-yalolucwaningo 80 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka, labantu kulo muzi awafike ayizinkulungwane 900. Abahlali, okwaholela umthwalo omkhulu kakhulu kunethiwekhi ezokuthutha ekhona, ngalo wayengasenakukwazi ukubekezelela ngokugcwele. Lokhu kwaba imbangela inkulumo mayelana nokwakhiwa Esiteshini e Voronezh. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zingxoxo lakhula laba okungaphezu kwalokho. "Subway" uhlelo labakhi ngisho wadala.

Kodwa iSoviet Union isihlakazeka ku republic angu-15, umnotho wezwe uyahamba ebhekene nezikhathi ezinzima, futhi imali edingekayo izidingo eziphuthumayo. Ngakho kwakungewona kuze kube iphrojekthi, bese ekhohlwa yiso nhlobo. Kusukela ngo-1998, ukwehla kancane kancane labantu kulo muzi. Ngenxa yalokho, siye safinyelela ezingeni 850 ayizinkulungwane. Indoda, ukuze ukwakhiwa Esiteshini kwaba akubalulekile kangako.

Izizathu ukuvuselelwa umbono

Nokho, inkinga ebhekene kuleli ngokwezibalo zika-1990 - kowezi-2000 kwaholela esimweni imikhumbi sebhasi e Voronezh aqala ukuncipha ngokushesha. Ulwa imali ekhokhele abasebenzi edepho nezigubhu ukubambezeleka eside, ukunciphisa abasebenzi, ukusika izimoto laqaqwa. Lokhu kwaholela yokuthi nemizila tram kusukela Voronezh wanyamalala ngokuphelele ngo-2009. I Ukudilizwa wesitimela tram siyaqhubeka kulesi sikhathi samanje, nakuba iningi labo Sekuyisikhathi eside isusiwe. Ngokuzimisela sinciphile sebhasi epaki. Ngakho, Voronezh eseke ngempela impumelelo edabukisayo - isibe idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Europe, lapho kungekho ezisemadolobheni wesitimela yezokuthutha.

Kusukela engxenyeni eyishumi yokuqala yaleli khulu leminyaka lesibili, isimo sashintsha. labantu kulo muzi zaqala ukuhluma futhi 2013 kudlulwe 1 million. Uma ngisho ngaphambili, in the 80s, uhlelo ezokuthutha akuyona ngempela ukubhekana kangcono nale eliphezulu umgibeli inkonzo, kodwa manje, kanye ukunyamalala kaMasipala kanye nokwehla kwepaki inqola, futhi nakakhulu. Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi emnothweni Russian waqala ukubonisa ukukhula okukhulu, okusikisela ukwabiwa kwezimali yamaphrojekthi esizayo.

Ngakho, ngenxa yokwanda kwenani abahlali wabuyela inkinga ezokuthutha, kodwa - futhi lokhu kubalulekile - kukhona amathuba wezimali ukuze siyixazulule. Izakhamuzi emadolobheni neziphathimandla zendawo futhi baqala ukukhuluma ngaba- ukwakhiwa kungenzeka umasipala.

Tram noma esitimeleni?

Nokho, Voronezh saqala ukuthuthukisa imibono eziningana ehlukile, okuyinto bekufanele anikele ikhambi yenkinga ezokuthutha kuleli dolobha.

Izinketho ethandwa kakhulu uphiwa ochwepheshe ahlukahlukene, abameleli iziphathimandla dolobhakazi dwellers nje zazinjalo ukwakhiwa esitimeleni e Voronezh namaculo laying ngoba ujantshi olula, noma njengoba ibizwa kaMasipala ukukhanya. Ngamunye izinketho ezimbili ngenhla has ubuhle nobubi bayo.

ongaphansi komhlaba lula

Umqondo kaMasipala ukukhanya noma wesitimela ukukhanya, ikakhulukazi asebenzayo aqala ukuyibheka njengengcono phambili ngo-2013 ngu-Moscow inkampani "MOSTGEOCENTER", okusikisela ukuthi iziphathimandla Voronezh iphrojekthi yakho.

essence yayo itholakala kubekwa 89 km ithrekhi for ngesivinini tram. Zazo 74 km kuyodingeka uthathele indawo phezu futhi, ngokuyinhloko, ukuphinda emkhondweni tram Ruts ubudala, futhi 15 km kuthiwa walala ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, elinye igama lephrojekthi - kaMasipala ukukhanya, noma Metrotram. Ngokwe-project "MOSTGEOCENTER" ngaphezu komhlabathi kumele zibekwe 57 iziteshi, futhi in the komhlaba ingxenye - 6. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke umugqa ukukhanya wesitimela uzobe ihlukaniswe 4 emadepho.

By the way, ezokuthutha zomphakathi izixhumanisi zalolu hlobo selivele likhona kweminye imizi Russian - Volgograd. Kube Metrotram lakhiwa ezikhathini Soviet, ngo-1984. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe elaliyiSoviet Union iphrojekthi enjalo ezokuthutha usebenza Krivoy rog (Ukraine).

Yini oyithola le phrojekthi Voronezh? Metro ukukhanya uhlobo uzokhulula kakhulu traffic umgibeli kusukela ezinye izindlela zezokuthutha, ikakhulukazi itekisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, tram komhlaba, ngokungafani ezivamile, ukukwazi ukuthutha inani eliphakeme - isilinganiso 24-30 km / h, kanti kwezinye izindawo - 75 km / h, kanti ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha sabafowabo kancane ifinyelela 15 kuphela -24 km / h.

komhlaba classical

Nokho, abaningi abahlonishwayo abavumi ka Voronezh Metrotram, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-nokuqaliswa kwalo yephrojekthi, a metro agcwele kungenzeka kudingeke sikhohlwe. Futhi ukuze kube zakudala "Subway" ngoba megacities kuyinto ehlonishwa kakhulu. Cabanga avuke imibono izakhamuzi zedolobha, lapho izivakashi ngeke sibabuze: "Indlela uthole metro station" Voronezh abafuni kwakukubi ngaphezu kwamanye amadolobha Russian ezifana Nizhny Novgorod, Samara -Omsk, sekuyisikhathi eside esebenze ngomshoshaphansi.

I ukucabanga Metrotram esivuna ekwakheni kaMasipala agcwele kusekelwa izinhlangano ezifana "Giprokommundortrans" futhi "Kinosarg". Imibono yabo zisekelwe eqinisweni ukuthi komzila babekwa endleleni endala akunakwenzeka. Iningi izindawo lapho hhayi kudala wagijima amathrekhi tram, manje lendlu lalakhiwa ngamatshe futhi kusukela ukwelulwa ingxenye yomgwaqo ebekelwe izimoto komgwaqo senziwa izimoto. Futhi kwezinye izindawo kakade wakha izakhiwo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda ijubane 6-9 km / h, ngokungafani kuya tram ezivamile, alinikela iphrojekthi Metrotram alwanele ngoba endaweni ezifana Voronezh. Metro ikuvumela ukuba ukuthutha ngokushesha okungaka.

Nezitha umqondo wokwakha "ongaphansi komhlaba" agcwele wagxeka iphrojekthi "Kinosarg", ethi akathathi a populist. Ngemva ukwakhiwa esitimeleni kuzodinga imali ngaphezu Metrotram. Futhi sonke siyazi ukuthi emadolobheni amaningi ngenxa yokungabi bikho ngezimali eRussia kukhona amaphrojekthi eqandisiwe laying ngomshoshaphansi. Ngakho, ngokukhetha le indlela, kungaba ngokujwayelekile asale engenalo ezisemadolobheni izitimela Voronezh. Metro kulokhu yayiyoba unrealizable sidle.

izindleko

Nokho, kulinganiselwa inkampani "Kinosarg", ekwakheni kaMasipala agcwele izobiza edolobheni ruble 79,3 amabhiliyoni. Kuyamangalisa, kodwa leli nani lingaphansi ngisho kuka izindleko ukuthi kwakuyodingeka ukuba bazilethele isabelomali uma "MOSTGEOCENTER" ziyokwamukelwa yinhlangano. Metrotram balinganiselwa ku ruble 89,0 amabhiliyoni. Kodwa ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izinga izindleko yephrojekthi "Kinosarg" uphansi kakhulu, kanye nokwakhiwa Esiteshini izobiza isamba olukhudlwana lemali.

Yini ukhetho ukhetha Voronezh? Metro tram noma ngaphansi komhlaba? Iziqinisekiso yanoma yiziphi izinhlangano abakholelwa ezingaphezu kuka ubuholi leli dolobha?

metro ibalazwe

Kwakubonakala ekuqaleni 2013 ibalazwe lokuqala ongaphansi komhlaba of Voronezh. Khona kwasuka omunye wabayishumi amasayithi lwenziwe ukuqoqa amasignisha esivuna imibono komhlaba ngenxa Ukuyekwa kwezindlela ukwakhiwa Metrotram. Nokho, kamuva umlobi kohlelo wavuma ukuthi akanayo ulwazi olwanele lokwenza uhlelo okuncike ebufakazini. Ngakho ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe, kunalokho, kwakuhloselwe zidonse ukunaka kwanoma abahlala kuzo bakwazi inkinga, hhayi impahla isiphakamiso ukuhumushela lolu ikakhulukazi uhlelo ongaphansi komhlaba empeleni.

Kamuva, ekupheleni Januwari 2014, inkampani "Kinosarg" futhi "MOSTGEOCENTER" sanika lesi imeya Voronezh Aleksandru Gusevu izinhlelo zayo komhlaba Metrotram.

Yini iyokwakhiwa e Voronezh?

Kodwa nokho, ukuthi ngeke yakhiwe Voronezh - komhlaba noma Metrotram?

Ngokusobala, ubuholi dolobha uthambekele ukusikisela "MOSTGEOCENTER", ie padded umugqa ukukhanya wesitimela, umasipala noma ukukhanya. Lokhu kugomela iqiniso lokuthi ukwakhiwa lolu hlobo inethiwekhi ezokuthutha elele epulanini sokuthuthukiswa Voronezh emuva ngo-2008.

Iqiniso lokuthi ukwakhiwa tram komhlaba kuhlelwe, imeya yathi ngo-February 2014 esikhathini esizayo. Yiqiniso, ngemva kwalokho we abasekeli yeprojekthi okunye, wezwa eningi amazwi engalulethi udumo inkulumo yakhe. Metro Voronezh, kungenzeka izohlala iphrojekthi wasenganekwaneni.

amathemba

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi imali iyadingeka ukuze ukugcwaliseka yimiphi imiklamo emibili empilweni isabelomali wendawo akuyona, ngakho abaphathi idolobha ifuna zimali abazimele. On ngokushesha ngayo babathole, futhi kungaba kuzoncika amathemba ethize kanye isikhathi ukwakhiwa.

Futhi nakuba okwamanje imininingwane mayelana nokubonakala izitimela edolobheni imbozwe inkungu, singasho ukuthi esikhathini esizayo umbuzo wokuthi kukhona metro station e Voronezh, ipendulo imibuzo kuyinto ibinzana kungenzeka: "Metro asipheli. Kube Metrotram ".