Ukuncipha kwemvelo kule labantu Russia: Izimbangela

Ukuncipha bemvelo labantu - inkinga, okuyinto ingenye embi kakhulu emhlabeni. kuphakama isimo ngenxa ye predominance labantu ababulawa phezu ukubeletha.

Umqondo "ukwehla bemvelo labantu" futhi "ukwanda"

Nenzalo nokufa - izinqubo ukuthi nethonya juqu kwi isimo lokubala ubuningi babantu emazweni ngabanye noma umhlaba jikelele. Bobabili zinkomba ambalwa. Izinga lokuzalwa ibonisa inani ukubeletha phezu esikhathini esinikeziwe ensimini ethile, kubalwa, ngokuvamile ngesimo isici esivamile - isibalo ezaphila ngayinye 1,000 labantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingase wenzalo kunqunywa izinkomba ezifana:

• yobudala okuzala ngesilinganiso (inombolo olusanda kuzalwa ngayinye abesifazane 1,000 beminyaka yobudala efanayo);
• inani okuzala ngesilinganiso (inombolo ezizalwa endaweni ethile isikhathi esithile owesifazane ngamunye).

Izinga lokufa lichazwa ngokuthi isilinganiso sesibalo sabantu abafa yenkathi enikeziwe futhi ensimini ezithile sabantu. Inani elikhulu labantu abafayo aphansi kuze kube manje iqinile e Qatar, Kuwait ne-United Arab Emirates, enkulu kunazo zonke - e Swaziland, Lesotho, Botswana nakwamanye amazwe ngezinga eliphansi ephilayo, impilo, i-HIV.

wenzalo lokushona kwabantwana bezalwa nethonya eliqondile kwamanye amagugu kwezibalo e Ukucwaninga, isibonelo, ukwehla yemvelo kanye kwenani labantu. Yemvelo labantu ukwehla (noma Coefficient engakhi wokukhula ongokwemvelo) kulotshwe, uma ngokwempilo yangenyama idlula okuzala. Kungenjalo, singakhuluma ukwanda yemvelo, okuyinto isisekelo zokwenyuka kwenani labantu.

Uhla lamazwe by labantu ukwehla

The esiphezulu zemvelo labantu ukwehla esivamile emazweni amaningi aseMpumalanga Yurophu. Uhlu depopulating amazwe (ngokuya labantu zemvelo nokwehla isimo okubi kakhulu lokubala ubuningi babantu) kwakuyilawa:

1. Bulgaria. Nokufa eBulgaria kuyizikhathi cishe unyaka nesigamu ephakeme kunaleyo izinga lokuzalwa amashumi eminyaka.
2. Estonia. Ingxenye ukulahlekelwa engokwemvelo labantu e-Estonia kuyadingeka hhayi kuphela ushintsho ibhalansi ukuzalwa nokufa, kodwa futhi outflow kwababaleki, kuhlanganise isiRashiya.
3. Latvia. On ukwehla zemvelo eLatvia, futhi abe abalulekile umthelela ukufuduka.
4. Ukraine. Ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe, ukwehla kwamazinga okuphila, yaphela impi yombango futhi ukulahlekelwa ezindaweni - konke lokhu, kanye ekunciphiseni lokuzalwa, kwezimbangela eziyinhloko zemvelo labantu ukwehla e-Ukraine.
5. Belarus. Inani labantu base-Belarus kancane kancane ekunqabeni ngoba eziningana iminyaka ilandelana.
6. Georgia. isimo kwedemografikhi saqala ukwehla ngokushesha lapho kuwa iSoviet Union.
7. Lithuania. Njengo-republic eziningi zaseSoviet, eLithuania isimo saqala ukwehla ngemva ukuzimela.
8. Hungary. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana, Hungary likhona uhlu lamazwe nenzalo ongaphakeme.
9. Japan. umthamo ezalayo uwela eJapane ukusukela ngeminyaka yoma. Sekuyisikhathi ukuthi, uma hhayi inhlekelele ke kuyinkimbinkimbi isimo lokubala ubuningi babantu ngokunembe kangaka.
10. Russia. izinkinga kwedemografikhi Russia kuzoxoxwa kabanzi esigabeni efanele ngezansi.
11. Slovenia. Kuze kube manje, i-akhawunti ukubeletha amabili nanye namakhulu ngoba izinkulungwane nesishiyagalolunye efile. ukwanda Natural omuhle, kodwa ijubane ukukhula labantu abampofu.
12. Moldova. Ukulandela ekumenyezelweni kukazibuse labantu Moldova kwehle ngo-cishe ezinkulungwaneni ezingamakhulu amathathu.
13. Armenia. Population ukwehla bubonakala ngokucacile kusukela ngo-1995.
14. Bosnia. In the state kukhona esitebeleni labantu ukuguga.
15. Croatia. Inani labantu ababulawa idlula isibalo ukubeletha, kwehla abantu zemvelo Kuye kwaphawulwa iminyaka eminingi eCroatia.

Imephu ngezansi imidwebo ebonisa ngesilinganiso zemvelo kwenani labantu emhlabeni.

Dynamics of labantu waseRussia ngonyaka

Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka, olwenziwa ngo-1897, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-eqoshiwe 125 abahlala uMbuso Russian. Imingcele samanje Russian Federation ngesikhathi wahlala 67,5 million. ukwehla ngokwemvelo kwi labantu waseRussia kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube ngo-1994, lapho-ke waqala ukunqabela ekukhuleni labantu laligujwa kanye kuphela. Ngakho, ngo-1946, ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, inani lezakhamuzi sesehle sisuka cishe 111 wezigidi (ngo 1941) ukuthi izigidi ezingu-97,5.

Esikhathini ishadi ngezansi imakwe wokukhula ongokwemvelo Dynamics nenzalo, ukufa kusukela ngo-1950. It kuyabonakala ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwabantu okungokwemvelo (ngaleso sikhathi namanje ngeke wokukhula ongokwemvelo negative, kodwa Ukuwohloka okusobala isimo lokubala ubuningi babantu) nge ukwehla wenzalo nasemkhakheni iminyaka post-yimpi. Khona-ke isimo uhlaliseke. Okulandelayo kukhona ukuwohloka okukhulu ngokuwa kweSoviet Union. Khona-ke, ngenxa isimo sezombangazwe okungekuhle futhi Ukuwohloka izinga lempilo, ngesikhathi esifanayo kwehle wenzalo kanye nokushona anda.

Inani labantu base-Russian Federation

Kuze kube manje, labantu waseRussia abantu abayizigidi ezingu-146,8. Kule minyaka embalwa (kusukela ngo-2010) isibalo abakhileyo eRussia kancane kodwa inyuka unyaka nonyaka. Kulokhu, lesi simo lokubala ubuningi babantu ngokuvamile ayiyinhle.

Yamanje isimo yobuzwe: Amathrendi main

Yamanje Amathrendi lokubala ubuningi babantu esikhathini Russian Federation yilezi:

• ephansi phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu, ubude bempilo ngoba amadoda (iminyaka 62.8);
• "Amagagasi kwedemografikhi": inombolo ongaphakeme kakhulu abantu abazalelwa forties, yoma futhi nineties;
• ukushabalala lalolo hlanga kancane kulinganiswe kufuduka ukukhula;
• isibalo sezingane owesifazane ngamunye kwehle kusuka ezimbili (at 1988 unkulunkulu ingamaphesenti izingane 2.2) kuya 1.24, ngenkathi i-esitebeleni kwenani labantu kudinga okungaphezu ezimbili;
• izinga lokuzalwa kukhuphuke ngo izifunda nge ngumama ngokwesiko ekuseni;
• kakhulu kwanciphisa inani Russian lichaza ekwakheni yobuhlanga, lalolo hlanga esikhundleni ababaleki;
• izinga encishisiwe wokuphila, okuyinto kuba kokubili imbangela kanye wobujamo obumbi lokubala ubuningi babantu - emazweni amaningi nge ukwehla zemvelo sabantu sibhekene nezimo zezomnotho nezombusazwe ezingezinhle, kanye nezinye izinkinga.

Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kwehla zemvelo sabantu

Kunamaqembu eziningana izici nomthelela nesenzakalo yalesibhicongo ukubalwa kwabantu, Nokho, ukugqamisa izinto evelele akunakwenzeka njalo.

1. Demoekonomicheskie: Ukwehla jikelele amazinga wenzalo nokwanda futhi ngokwempilo yangenyama, okuyinto ejwayelekile kakhulu uthi post-ezimbonini.
2. standard ukuncipha ephilayo, ukungalondeki, aphuma socialism emnotfweni emakethe, ukwesaba ukuba nabantwana: kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho.
3. Sotsiomeditsinskie: ziwohloke wholesale izindaba eziphathelene nempilo yomphakathi, ukuba umlutha wotshwala mass, ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa, ukufa kukhuphuke.
4. Sotsioeticheskie: ukucindezeleka ngokwengqondo sabantu, amazinga aphezulu ubudlova, ukukhuthazwa isisu, ukuwa umndeni, ukusabalala kwemibono "childfree", nokwehliswa kwesithunzi nokuziphatha emphakathini.

Izinhlelo ka isimo lokubala ubuningi babantu eRussia

Isibikezelo ngesimo samanje lokubala ubuningi babantu okwamanje akayena evumayo. Uma manje akuyona kukhuphula lizinga lokuzalwa, ngo-2025 ngaphambi kokuba izinze isimo kuyoba izinga ezidingekayo ilingane Imininingwane okuzala ngesilinganiso izingane 3.41 owesifazane ngamunye.

On isimo esikhona, singalindela ukuthi labantu Russian uzokwehla laya ezigidini ezingu-80 ngo-2080. Ngokusho izibikezelo engenathemba kuzokwenzeka ngisho ngaphambili - e 2060. Ngokusho ososayensi abaningi nabezombusazwe, nale nombolo ukugcina ngaphansi kolawulo ensimini Russian Federation ngeke aphumelele imingcele lanamuhla.

indlela yokuphuma obumbi lokubala ubuningi babantu

Kukholakala ukuthi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kulesimo nzima zendawo ukuze uqinise kweSikole umndeni nezingane. Nokho, umkhuba, zidinga izinguquko ezinkulu ngaphezulu. Ngakho, kufanele kuqinisekiswe isimo kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho ezinzile, ukuze lelisu intela ekhethekile futhi amakhredithi zemindeni abasha, ukuqinisa isikhundla umndeni, phakathi kwezinye izikhungo zenhlalakahle nokunye okuningi.