Igazi ukuhlaziywa: izinhlobo, kulungiswa nezinkomba

Igazi - ingenye yezindlela ezivamile eyinhloko futhi ulwazi zokuxilonga. Ngokusho imiphumela, ungakwazi ahlulele zikahulumeni, ukuletha, ukuqinisekisa noma zingamanga uphethwe, ukucacisa lokho nesigaba lesi sifo bese ulungise ukwelashwa enqunyiwe, ukunquma izinga lama-hormone i-ukulungisa okwengeziwe. Ukuhlaziya igazi, izinhlobo aziwa zonke odokotela, akubangelwa labo abagulayo kuphela, kodwa futhi abantu ephelele ubani alandele isimiso wezokwelapha bayohlolwa kanye ngonyaka (e izinkulisa kanye nezikole, emsebenzini, ibutho). Ngakho, mhlawumbe, hhayi umuntu wezwe lakithi, okwakuyoholela alikaze uzithela izibalo ongaqondakali futhi kancane olwethusayo amatafula ne imiphumela yokuhlaziya.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: izinhlobo

Ziningi ukuhlolwa ezahlukene igazi:

• Ama-hormone.
• Ushukela.
• Test ukunquma izinto ezixabana nomzimba.
• Immunoassay.
• Ekunqandeni.
• Ukuze isimila iziphambano.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa kanye nabanye.

Ukuze uqale, sixoxe ngezizathu ezimbili ezivamile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo asithe ukuhlaziywa okulula isiguli:

• Kwamakhemikhali.
• Clinical (kwabiwa / zenzeka).

biochemistry

Ngaphambi ufunde kwezinkambiso yokuhlaziya kwamakhemikhali kwegazi e abadala, etafuleni okuzokwenza inikezwe ngezansi, siyowuqonda, lokho kungcono ngoba.

Direction biochemistry - lena ephepheni ukuthi GPs ukunikeza izitaki nsuku zonke. Wamiswa ukuhlela ngamunye nesineke kanye ngonyaka ukuqapha isimo sempilo ngemuva ikuphi ukuhlupheka umuntu isifo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye noma yimuphi umuntu efika esibhedlela.

Igazi amasampuli wenziwa kuphela kusuka umthambo (ngokuvamile emalungeni indololwane, kodwa kungase kube ukwahlukahlukana kocingo kusukela emithanjeni phezu izandla, izinyawo, imilenze) futhi njalo ekuseni, esiswini esingenalutho. Ngemva kovivinyo inqubo tube ithunyelwa laboratory ekhethekile. Imiphumela ukuhlaziywa ngokuvamile ukulungele ngosuku olulandelayo.

Izinkambiso sokuhlaziya kwamakhemikhali kwegazi e abadala: itafula

inkomba	yokukala	Umkhawulo engezansi evamile	Elingenhla umkhawulo ka evamile
Ushukela / glucose	mmol / l	3.3	5.5
urea	mmol / l	2.5	8.3
Igazi nonprotein nitrogen (asalile)	mmol / l	14.3	28,6
creatinine	micromole / ilitha	44	106
lipids ezivamile	g / l	4	8
cholesterol	mmol / l	3.6	7.8
Okuphansi ukuminyana Esilula, LDL / LDL cholesterol	mmol / l	owesilisa: 2.02 Abesifazane: 1,92	owesilisa: 4,79 Abesifazane: 4.51
High ukuminyana Esilula, HDL / HDL cholesterol	mmol / l	Abesilisa: 0.72 Abesifazane: 0.68	owesilisa: 1.63 Abesifazane: 2.28
atherogenic isici		0	3
Triglyceride (izinga kuncike kakhulu ku yobudala kanye ocansini. Amanani for kweminyaka eyi 35-40)	mmol / l	owesilisa: 0,61 Abesifazane: 0.45	owesilisa: 3,62 Abesifazane: 1.99
phospholipids	mmol / l	2,51	2,92
bilirubin	micromole / ilitha	8.5	20,55
amaprotheni	g / l	65	85
albumin	g / l	35	50
AST (aspartate aminotransferase)	IU / l	10	38
ALT (alanine aminotransferase)	IU / l	7	41
Gamma-glutamyl	mmol / l	amadoda: 15 abesifazane: 10	Abesilisa: 106 abesifazane: 66
phosphatase ane-alikhali	IU / l	20	140
calcium	mmol / l	2.15	2.50
potassium	mmol / l	3.5	5.5
sodium	mmol / l	136	145
chlorine	mmol / l	98	107
yensimbi	mmol / l	owesilisa: 11,64 Abesifazane: 8,95	amadoda: 30,43 abesifazane: 30,43

Ngenxa yomnotho ezibhedlela zethu wesifunda, odokotela bavame ungacabangi ukuthi kudingekile ukuba ngithume iziguli ezivamile ukuhlaziya okugcwele, bese isithombe kohlobo oluthile ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwamakhemikhali ku nemiyalo engabekwa izonikezwa kuphela ezinye izici.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma isiguli ekhononda zezinkinga kwesibindi sona has ukuthatha igazi bilirubin (inani), namaprotheni Imininingwane, albumin, i aminotransferase alanine, gamma-GTP, amaprotheni C-esisheshayo, phosphatase ane-alikhali.

Uma udokotela esola ukuthi isiguli onesifo sikashukela, kuyothiwa kwenziwe ucwaningo ngokuyinhloko kwamakhemikhali zibe ushukela (glucose) ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma ukuphikisa umbono.

Iziguli konke udokotela ezahlukene futhi abanolwazi, uma kukhona izimpawu oqondile lesi sifo, ngeke bachithe imali isiguli kanye esibhedlela izinsiza ngeze. Ngemva izikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka nje ukuchitha jikelele igazi ukuhlaziya okugcwele, ngaphandle ubufakazi, akudingekile.

Qedela segazi

Ngakho nazyvaaetsya izinhlobo ukuhlolwa igazi okumele kwenziwe kuphela esiswini esingenalutho (kungakhathaliseki ngomunwe kuzothatha igazi noma ngemithambo).

Namuhla nokukala okwenziwayo kulolu cwaningo kwenziwe ngokuzenzakalela ku ekhethekile Haematology analyzers.

Amapharamitha eyinhloko emitholampilo igazi ukuhlaziywa yilezi:

• I-hemoglobin - ingxenye erythrocyte, eliveza ezicutshini futhi izitho oxygen. Ukwehlisa inani elithwala umoya-mpilo kubangela izicubu hypoxia. Sivamile abesifazane - 120-140 g / l, abesilisa - 135-160 amagremu / ilitha.
• Leukocyte (inombolo). Leukocyte - egazi umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu - isivikelo antigen microbial, isimila cells. Kulungile: (4 - 9) * 10 ⁹ / l.
• Erythrocyte sedimentation izinga - inkomba yokuthi zokugula emzimbeni. Ngo abesifazane, kuyinsakavukela isesikhathini 12 mm / ihora, amadoda --8 mm / ihora;
• Hematocrit - ebomvu egazi. Uma hematocrit luyanda, kungenzeka ukuthi iqalise khona erythrocytosis noma ene-leukemia. Uma behliselwe phansi - anaemia, overhydration, ukukhulelwa. Sivamile abesifazane - 0,360-0,460 l / l ezingabantu 0,400-0,480 l / l;
• Erythrocyte (inombolo). Ukwanda kwenani kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kungase kubonise amahlule, izimila, izifo we nezinso. A ukwehla - ukopha, ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni, ukukhulelwa, njll Izinga ngoba amadoda (4-5,15) x 10 ¹² L abesifazane -. (3.7-4.7) × 10 ¹² l.

Yini enye ongabonisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, yiziphi ukuhlolwa igazi, omunye kumelwe siqale siqonde ukuthi igazi futhi zimelelani ngidinga khona.

Igazi - umzimba Indwangu, ehlanganisa i-plasma (uketshezi) namaseli (leucocytes, erythrocyte nezinhlayiya zegazi). It ukhiphela ngokusebenzisa imithambo yegazi ngaphansi Kufinyeta ezisekujuleni kwenhliziyo futhi uyasondla zonke izitho zomzimba womuntu.

Igazi ezidingekayo ukuze umuntu:

• Ukuze uthumele i-carbon dioxide ezicutshini zomzimba kuya emaphashini, futhi umoya - emuva.
• Ethula emangqamuzaneni kwezicubu izakhamzimba.
• Ukulungisa nezinga lokushisa komzimba.
• Ukugoqa imfucuza kanye izinto eziyingozi ukuze izinso futhi kulula ukuba kubulawe okwalandela kusuka emzimbeni.
• Nge-hormone ukudluliswa uxhumano nomsebenzisi ndawonye zonke izinhlelo isitho;
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka komzimba.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
• Qinisekisa umsebenzi izidumbu, ebanikeza ukucindezeleka phezu kwenhliziyo.

Ngakho-ke, siyaqonda ukuthi igazi kungaba zisenza sibe izinkinga eziningi emzimbeni: akukho ukwephulwa emsebenzini zesimiso ngasinye ezimisweni, somzimba womuntu ngamunye. Kuyinto kudingekile kuphela ngesikhathi ukuhlolwa igazi, lo dokotela ayoyikhetha ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo, futhi ukuxazulula le mfumbe.

Ukulawulwa kwendlala yegilo i-hormone

Manje, cishe njalo isakhamuzi yesihlanu yezwe lethu elikhulu, ungathola ezinye amaphutha ukushayisana indlala yegilo. Uma udokotela wokuhlola osola izinguquko uyophonsa isiguli ultrasound (US) Ukuhlola yegilo indlala, kanye ukuhlolwa igazi for TSH (hormone yegilo-inkanuko ngenani). Phela eziyimbangela yezinkinga ezizuzwa phambili umzimba ukuze kulungiswe inkinga yokungabi nenzalo, Libido ingqondo, izinkinga ngomsebenzi engqondo, ngokushesha futhi usinda ngesikhathi yinoma iziphi izifo kanye ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.

Izimpawu I-blood donation e lemali we-hormone yegilo

Amanye awo yilawa:

• Ukuhlala endaweni okufunwayo ukuntula iodine.
• Ngemva aphinde ahlinzwe.
• Uma unezinkinga e akhulelwe futhi bephethe ingane.
• Uma usebenzisa izindlela kwama-hormone ngesikhathi Ukuvikelwa ekukhulelweni (control TTG kanye ngonyaka).

Lapho ukwephula ngaphambilini ekhonjwe wendlala yabesilisa, ukuqapha inkambo isifo kanye Ukukhetha izidakamizwa.

Kwezinso kule ukuhlaziywa ungakhuluma mayelana nezindaba ezifana:

• I-hypothyroidism (ongaphakeme yegilo umsebenzi).
• Hyperthyroidism (umsebenzi okwandisiwe wendlala).

Isikhathi ezikhonjwe ngeziphambeko okuncane kusukela kuyinsakavukela amenable ukuba izidakamizwa ukulungiswa emihle, futhi ukuthola sina futhi ngasekupheleni isifo zidinga ukwelashwa kuhlinzwa. Uma umbukiso nesineke ngenhla evamile hormone yegilo-inkanuko, kuphoqelekile ukhombe-ultrasound indlala yegilo futhi kungenzeka impilo yonke ukwelashwa kwama-hormone.

Norma izinkomba yegilo inkanuko-hormone okuthiwa i

Ukuze sicacise uphethwe kanye nokuqapha Yiqiniso isifo linqume enemininingwane igazi yokuhlola TSH, okubandakanya:

• Mahhala T3 (i-hormone unesibopho exchange oksijini). Norm - 2,6-5,7 pmol / L.
• Mahhala T4 (i-hormone obhekene amaprotheni umzimba). Okuvamile - 9-22 mmol / l.
• Amasosha Omzimba kuya thyroglobulin amaprotheni (ukugwema sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba nezifo uhlelo). Okuvamile - kumayunithi 18 / ml ..

Kubalulekile ngaphambi lokuqoqa hormone igazi TSH ukulahla yokuvuma utshwala inzalo hormone nezinye izidakamizwa equkethe ama-hormone. Kuyadingeka ukuba kukhawulwe umsebenzi futhi ukuyeka usuku ukuphuza.

igazi ekunqandeni

Kwenzeka ukuthi, lapho ngihlolwa kuhlelwe noma ngesikhathi ukuhlaziya wembulani ngephutha ukwephula ukuminyana igazi. Uma ukuhlukumeza kwatholakala phakathi ukuhlaziya kwamakhemikhali, lesi owelapha ngeke bayaqondisa ukuhlaziya olunye ku igazi coagulation. Yini ukuyibiza yesayensi ukukhumbula - koaugologramma.

Libuye inkomba ukuhlaziya yilezi:

• Izimpawu ukopha okungapheli, nokulimala, noma omncane wokunyathelisa.
• Ukusebenza esilandelayo.
• Izifo izitsha inhliziyo, isibindi, igazi.
• Ukukhulelwa.
• amasosha omzimba Kwehliswe.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-coagulation kuhlanganisa isethi enkulu izinkomba:

inkomba	kuyinsakavukela
prothrombin inkomba	12-20 imizuzwana.
APTT	38-55 imizuzwana.
plasma fibrinogen	2.0-3.5 g / l
thrombin isikhathi	11-17,8 imizuzwana.
plasma recalcification	60-120 imizuzwana.
Tolerance to heparin	3-11 imiz
Isihoxiso ihlule legazi	kusuka 44% kuya ku 65%

Uma umuntu umiselwa ukuba sihlaziye igazi ekunqandeni, igama akakwazi ukukhumbula. Isiguli ngasinye uthola indawo ekhethekile lapho Uzonikezwa isikhathi, igama ucwaningo kanye nezidingo ezidingekile kusebenta kwaso, kuye ngokuthi uphethwe okuhloswe:

• Fingerstick umkhiqizo kocingo zethu ezingokwenyama capillary igazi ekunqandeni kokuhlaziywa.
• Fence ka ngemithambo impahla ukukhiqiza emithambo yegazi ukuhlolwa igazi.

Lokhu kuhlaziya, njengabanye abaningi, udinga ukuthatha esiswini esingenalutho.

Ukuhlaziywa hormone zesifazane

hormone Good - isimo kubalulekile ukusebenza evamile wonke umzimba. Nguye sincike kuyo ubuthongo evamile, inhlalakahle, ikhono umsebenzi odinga amandla. Ucwaningo ngesizinda hormone ezidingekile abesifazane nalezi zimpawu:

• Insomnia.
• kwesisindo noma okunzima kwesisindo.
• Izenzo eziphazamisa nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini.
• Ukucasuka.

Lapho Ukungadli amazinga ama-hormone e abesifazane ekuthuthukiseni ngokuya izinkinga zezempilo kwesimiso sokuzala (kuhlanganise fibroids, izinhlumba, polycystic), ukuphazamiseka psyche, ukukhuluphala / emaciation, ephule noma ekuvalweni kwe-menses, ukungazali, wesilisa pattern izinwele ukukhula emzimbeni nokuningi.

Ngakho, ukuhlolwa igazi hormone zesifazane zihlanganisa:

• Follicle-inkanuko hormone.
• Prolactin.
• Luteinizing hormone.
• Estriol.
• Progesterone.
• Follicle-inkanuko hormone.
• DHEA-sulfate.

Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi izinga lama-hormone amaningi kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi isiphi isigaba sayo umjikelezo, ngakho udinga ukulandela ngokucophelela imiyalelo udokotela ngaphambi blood donation. Noma yimuphi ukuhlaziywa hormone ukudlula njalo esiswini esingenalutho, 1-2 amahora ngemva uphaphame.

hormone ocansini Male

• Testosterone.
• sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-hormone ocansini besilisa angabelwa ukuba kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. Into wukuthi Androgens banesibopho idrayivu (libido) e besilisa nabesifazane. Ngokucacile, testosterone amathonya futhi phezu sebaceous nezindlala, imisipha kanye nobuchopho.

Ukuhlaziya inani androgen, kokubili amadoda nabesifazane uhleli nsuku zonke ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho.