Ukukhululwa-Europe kusukela wobushiqela. ukuba kukhululwe Operations European

Came ngo-1933 neqembu lakhe amandla okubusa eJalimane, u-Adolf Hitler sinqatshiwe iSivumelwano SaseVersailles imingcele, izinsizwa abuyiselwe, ngokushesha efakwe ekukhiqizweni izikhali kanye ukuthunyelwa amabutho ahlomile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezweni usungule isimiso esinamandla ingcindezelo bekhalazela ukucindezelwa we ukukhononda futhi ukhiphe inkulumo we okukhethekileko isizwe samaJalimane, usinikeza aphakeme uhlanga Aryan kanye nesidingo kwakuwukuthi bazo zonke izizwe nezinhlanga ngeke inzalo ka Siegfried. labantu German kugxilisa umqondo wokuthi isango futhi ekuthuthukisweni komnotho ezindaweni zabanye uyonika kudingekile isikhala ephilayo nezisetshenziswa ukuthuthukiswa Germany kanye nekwentiwa ncono okusheshayo e ukuphila kwawo wonke German.

Ukudala ngesisekelo impahla yokungakholelwa yolaka, uHitler wasungula impi entsha emhlabeni, ekuthumbeni cishe wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngaphandle lamazwe ayencike kuyo, umbimbi kanye namazwe kokungathathi hlangothi (eSweden, eSwitzerland, Portugal, enozwelo amaNazi, iVatican). Kwakuhlezi, kanye nengxenye yezikhulu ingxenye European wase-USSR. AmaJalimane baphuthuma eCaucasus, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nangale, eNdiya.

Nokho oMfelandawonye, ne esivivaneni juqu ukulahlekelwa enkulu eU.SSR ponosshego, bakwazi ujike igagasi empini futhi nqoba, lapho kugujwa iminyaka engu-70 lapho sisanda kugubha emhlabeni wonke. Ukukhululwa-Europe u-Allied kusengaphambili kusukela empumalanga nasentshonalanga, nama-ekusekeleni umphakathi, ngezinye izikhathi kula mazwe, amabutho anti-undlovukayiphikiswa futhi elibuyekeziwe isikhundla salo elibusayo izigwili ube ukukhululwa kwawo siqu. Nokho, lona wamuva Lwenziwe bedle ecasula ngempumelelo anti-Hitler womanyano. Uhlolojikelele ngezenzakalo eziphathelene yokukhululwa Europe, kufingqwe lapha ngezansi.

Impi eNtshonalanga phambi kuvulwa Front Okwesibili

Ezinsukwini Okthoba 1942, amabutho lwaseBrithani Marshal Montgomery Battle of El Alamein wahlulwa Ukubuthelela Italo-German ethuthuka ku Cairo futhi Suez Canal. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lweNyakatho Afrika (Algeria futhi Morocco) lawela amaviyo American General Eisenhower, owayezoba umongameli USA. Ukucindezela nhlangothi zombili kwezinhloko zamaviyo Italian futhi isiJalimane, amabutho oMfelandawonye ababecindezela abantu Tunisia, lapho ulwandle sicindezelwe amabutho Axis baphoqeleka ukuba lidele. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1943, ku-13 Meyi.

Lokhu kunqoba wavumela wamaNgisi namaMelika amabutho ahlomile ngo-July 1943 ukuze wenze kokwehla eSicily. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, eSicily abayekanga, futhi amabutho anti-Hitler womanyano baqhubeka ayehlasela Italy, sawela Gulf Messina lawela ngqo Apennine nhlonhlo. Lokhu kwabangela esibucayi wobushiqela isiNtaliyane, nokuqedwa umholi we Blackshirts offset za uMussolini kusuka kukho konke okuthunyelwe, kulandele ukuthi abanjwe aboshwe. Uhulumeni omusha we-Italy iqale impi ngo-eJalimane, kodwa ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho ne emaphakathi yezwe yaba ngaphansi kweJalimane.

Amalungiselelo kuvulwa umsinga ekulweni eJalimane, kuzo ukusekelwa ngezinto ezibonakalayo of Great Britain eSoviet Union ngokwezinga elikhulu kuncike isimo e-Atlantic. German "Impisi iphakethe" ka ngwenya, izindiza, futhi imikhumbi surface torpedo-iviyo kusekelwa imikhumbi emikhulu olwenziwe impi ngesihluku ukuphazamisa Atlantic ngohide umbimbi endleleni ngokuxazulula inkinga zasolwandle deblokady eJalimane. Kodwa anamandla zezindiza US kanye UK imikhumbi ngo-1943 bavunyelwe ukukhuluma baphendukela ezizayo. Ngakho, ngo-1942, i-amabutho asolwandle futhi izindiza zabo wabhubhisa ngwenya ezingamakhulu amabili Doenitz Admiral. AmaJalimane kwanqamuka nokuhlaselwa ngohide futhi ezingelwa lwemikhumbi olulodwa noma stragglers otbivshimisya kusukela ukuphumula.

Ukuqala yokukhululwa Europe amabutho aseSoviet kubangane bawo ku Eastern Front

Ngo-1944, okwasala ngemuva impi ewumnqamula-juqu, eyaba usesimweni esibucayi ngendlela abantu bethu nomhlaba jikelele ukuthi usindiso olukhulu. Ngo-January kwezinsuku zomnyaka penultimate we impi sekuqala ukusebenza amasu okuhlaselayo, okwaholela wenkululeko ephelele ezweni Soviet German-matasa ukufinyelela emngceleni. Ekuqaleni isikhundla kohlaka logic lempi imisebenzi ehlukile phambi isikali kwaba kamuva ukuhlaziywa, babeqoqana ngokunengqondo ku umkhankaso jikelele ngo-1944. Empeleni, ngo-1944, ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, ukukhululwa kuka eYurophu amabutho aseSoviet baye benziwe inqubo olulodwa. Ukuze anikeze ukuhambisana nokuhlangana isithombe banzi yezindaba zemihla ukuthi ngonyaka Eastern Front, kuyasiza ukwethula yonke idatha ku itafula:

Eziyishumi imivimbo 1944

№№ nn	imisebenzi	isikhathi	Akuthintayo izinhlangano	Umphumela izuzwe
Okokuqala	Leningrad-Novgorod	14,01 - 1.03	izimpi: Leningrad, Volkhov, aseBaltic, Fleet: I Baltic	Ukunqotshwa kwe-wamabutho iqembu "North", egcwele Leningrad deblokady, ukukhululwa Leningrad Region
2nd	Dnieper-ZaseCarpathos	24/12/1943 - 17/04/1944	izimpi: 1st, 2, 3rd futhi 4th Ukrainian	Ukukhululwa Ilungelo-Bank Ukraine
3rd	Odessa ------------------ Crimean	1944	3rd Ukrainian Front ------------------ 4th Front Ukrainian Black Sea imikhumbi	Ukukhululwa Odessa kanye eCrimea, amabutho undlovukayiphikiswa uphonseke olwandle
4th	Vyborg-Petrozavodsk	1944 (Summer)	izimpi: Leningrad, Karelian	kukhululwa kwebantfu Karelia
5th	"Ukusebenza Bagration" (Belarus)	23,06 - 28,07	izimpi: 1st, 2 kanye 3rd Belarus, 1st Baltic	Liberation of Belarus, iningi Poland ne ukufinyelela Vistula futhi ingxenye enkulu Lithuania, ukufinyelela imingcele eJalimane
Okwesibili	ELvov-Sandomierz	13,07 - 2,08	izimpi: I 1st futhi 4th Ukrainian	Liberation of naseNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine, owela we Vistula, ukwakheka Sandomierz bridgehead
7th	Iasi-Kishinev ------------------ Romanian	Agasti ------------ 30,08 - 3.10	izimpi: 2 kanye 3rd Ukrainian ----------------- 2nd Ukrainian	Ukukhululwa Moldova, Isiphetho impi, Romania, Romania simemezelo wempi ngokumelene eJalimane naseHungary, evula indlela yokuba ithole Hungary, esiphelweni sesimiso impi, Bulgaria iqale impi ngo-eJalimane, ekuthuthukiseni izimo aid abashokobezi zaseYugoslavia
8	Baltic	14,09 - 24,11	izimpi: 1st, 2 kanye 3rd Baltic imikhumbi: Baltic	Ukukhululwa eLithuania, eLatvia, Estonia Ukuzihlukanisa empini eFinland futhi isimemezelo impi yayo ku Germany
9th	East ZaseCarpathos ------------------ Belgrade	8,09 - 28,10 ---------------- 28,09 - 20,10	izimpi: I 1st futhi Ukrainian 4th ---------------- Soviet, zaseYugoslavia, izingxenye Slovak nemisho lemagalagala	Liberation yeYugoslavia nosizo kwavukelwa Slovak ngokumelene Wehrmacht
10	Petsamo-eKirkenes	7.10 - 29.10 ngo-Okthoba	izimpi: Karelian	Okukhishwe wax German enyakatho Finland futhi Norway

imisebenzi Military eYurophu (Centre kanye South-East)

Ingena imingcele yase-USSR futhi kusengaphambili okunye kwezinhloko zamaviyo ensimini ka kwamanye amazwe kwaba isizathu nesitatimende uhulumeni wamaSoviet. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we waphawula isidingo ukunqotshwa yokugcina German undlovukayiphikiswa amabutho ahlomile futhi isiqiniseko sokuthi eSoviet Union ayinakho izinhlelo ukushintsha isimiso sezombusazwe lala mazwe futhi ukuhlukumeza yobuqotho babo indawo.

Noma kunjalo, iSoviet Union obala asekelwe amabutho akhe athembekile, ikakhulukazi amaKhomanisi kanye nabangani babo abaseduze. In the kwezepolitiki ubuholi Soviet kufunwe ohulumeni Great Britain United States aqaphele izithakazelo zawo ezingxenyeni amakhulu eYurophu. Ukwanda isithunzi i-Soviet Union Stalin, ukuba khona iRed Army emasimini awo ophoqelelwe Churchill kanye Roosevelt ukuba aqaphele Balkans (ngaphandle Greece) sphere Soviet ithonya. EPoland, iSoviet Union ukwenze ukudalwa uhulumeni qotho eMoscow, kunokusebenza Uhulumeni emigre Polish e-London.

Ukukhulula yaseYurophu amasosha aseSoviet senzeka ngo Ukubambisana eduze ne ukunyakaza yabashokobezi futhi amabutho kwamanye amazwe. Ibutho Polish, ibutho zaseYugoslavia ngaphansi kobuholi Iosifa Broz Tito, le eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia Corps Ludwig Svoboda, Abashokobezi Slovak wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo emzabalazweni wenkululeko eziseMpumalanga Yurophu.

Ngo-1944, 23 Agasti, e-Romania bobukhosi kwakukhona etat Ukuketulwa ngokumelene isizinda Uzungu ekhona anti-undlovukayiphikiswa nge ezibanzi base zezombusazwe - kusukela bangamakhomanisi ukuze monarchists. Ngenxa yalokho lesi senzakalo esenzeka ngaso, Romania futhi baba anti-undlovukayiphikiswa, bememezela impi ku eJalimane naseHungary.

Ngomhlaka 31 August, Bucharest kuhlanganisiwe amaviyo iRed Army, futhi yakhiwa izingxenye wajoyina Romanian. Lokhu kwaba isizathu umklomelo we-Romanian King Mihai Order yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Victory, kuyilapho Romania futhi bahlanganyela ubudlova amaNazi ekulweni neSoviet Union. Ikakhulukazi, amabutho Romanian matasa Odessa futhi ingloriously umkhosi ngaleso kwaseStalingrad.

EBulgaria, ngokuba sizana kwamaNazi Wenqabile ukubamukisa amasosha ngaphambili empumalanga, King Boris (ubuzwe German) kuHitler waphendula ngokuthi baseBulgaria ngeke silwe Russian, ewakhulula ijoka WaseTurkey. Bulgaria alikhulumi nanokukhuluma impi, eU.SSR, wahlangana ingxenye insimu yalo ingeyamakhosi amasosha atshalwa ekuthuthukiseni iRed Army amabhanela umculo zemikhosi. Ngemva Icebo lika-September 9 ukuze amandla kuleli zwe wafika uhulumeni wamaKhomanisi, iqale impi ngo-Germany.

Njengoba sekushiwo, Finland kuphinde kuhoxiswe empini. Ngosuku Septhemba 19, 1944 uhulumeni walo yasayina ukuxolelana neSoviet Union kwi izimo ohloniphekile ngokuphelele.

I Slovak kazwelonke kuvukela ahlomile

Leli yikhasi nobuqhawe iningi umzabalazo isizwe Slovak akaconsi emlandweni yokukhululwa Europe.

Slovakia ngakho ngaphambi kwempi, futhi isikhathi eside ngemva kwempi kwaba eyayiyingxenye yeCzechoslovakia. Hitler matasa ukuzimela Czech Republic, Slovakia ngokusemthethweni anikezwe, eqinisweni, ukuyivala ibe satellite. Slovak ingxenye bathunyelwa epini empumalanga, kodwa ngenxa kungathembeki yabo (Slavic umphakathi kanye isiRashiya, Ukraine, Belarusians Slovaks savusa umuzwa uzwela bonke abantu WaseSoviet), basuke ngokuvamile elisetshenziswa ezingemuva amaJalimane ukuze kuvikeleke ukuxhumana okuphambili kanye nempi yokulwa abashokobezi. Kodwa lokhu kwamholela eziningi ukuhwebelana Slovaks ku ezinhlwini abashokobezi Soviet. Ensimini ka-Slovakia ukuthuthukisa kanye shirilos yabashokobezi ukunyakaza.

Ekupheleni kwe-eshisayo izinzwa engokoqobo nengokomfanekiso kwehlobo lika-1944 kwagqashuka abadumile Agasti Slovak kokubhikisha kwango-anti-undlovukayiphikiswa. Ukuze zisize abantu mbuso wathutha amabutho wamisa njengengxenye 1st Front Ukraine. Phakathi kwazo kwakukhona 1st eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia Army Corps. Le ngxube yayalwa Jikelele Ludvik Svoboda, owaba ngo-1968 umongameli we eCzechoslovakia. Okthoba 6, ngenxa yokulwa kanzima phakathi kweziNtaba ZaseCarpathos (the Dukla Pass) zilwa Bakhululi langena endaweni ka-Slovakia. Nokho, ukulwa olunegazi futhi esibuhlungu waqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kuka-October, akahambanga ngqo umgomo - the amabutho aseSoviet kuhlulekile izithathe ukuze ixazulule leyo Carpathians futhi baxhumane amavukelambuso. Ingxenye enkulu khona umphakathi abashokobezi baya ezintabeni, nokuqhubeka ukulwa ngokubamba iqhaza belikhumbuza kancane kancane izingxenye izwe ekuthuthukiseni iRed Army. On the yeSoviet Union, bathi abantu abasizakele kokubili abantu kanye izingalo kanye nezinhlamvu. Ukudluliswa izindiza kwenziwe.

Ukulwa eHungary, e-Austria futhi esigabeni sokuqala Empini yaseMpumalanga Prussia

Logic of the ukulandelana izimpi futhi baholela yokuthi sizana sina kuphela Hitler esifundeni ngo-Okthoba 1944. Hungary Nokho wahlala, futhi yena azama, kodwa ahluleka ukuba bahoxe ekungeneleni impi. UMbusi Horthy waboshwa namaJalimane baseHungary kwadingeka alwe kuze kube sekupheleni. izimpi Fierce ngoba Budapest akazange avumele amabutho aseSoviet, uphuze ngesikhathi umzamo wokuqala. ku okwesithathu kuphela kwathiwa baphumelele, futhi Februwari 13, 1945 inhlokodolobha Hungarian wawa. Phakathi efanayo Februwari yaphela kokunqotshwa Budapest Ukubuthelela amabutho aseJalimane.

Ngo-April, kwakukhona Balaton impi, lapho amabutho undlovukayiphikiswa umkhankaso balwe abanolaka ngokumelene iRed Army, kodwa amayunithi kweSoviet futhi bakwazi ukuyeka futhi anqobe isitha. Khona-ke, ngo-Ephreli, amabutho aseSoviet ayezohlasela, abakhulula Vienna, inhloko-dolobha yase-Austria, walidla eKönigsberg e yaseMpumalanga Prussia.

Sama yaseMpumalanga Prussia kwaba okuqinile zone ukuzivikela ku ukujula enezinqaba eliqinile le ka kwagcizelela izakhiwo zikakhonkolo. Advance inhlangano izikimu ukuzivikela for lomuzi ngamunye kufakwe khona izindlela yisivikelo zokuhlala. Ukuvikelwa amabutho ethuthuka baba baningi izinqaba, imisele, pillboxes, bunkers, izimayini kanye nocingo oluhlabayo. Kwezakhiwo edolobheni futhi baba amayunithi ukuzivikela nge multilayer uhlelo umlilo.

Futhi wamabutho okwamanje okuhlaselayo okuqondene Izimpi ezimbili isiBelorussia (2 kanye 3rd) waqala maphakathi Januwari entsha, 1945. Phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu we amabutho aseSoviet nepepper leli qembu le-Wehrmacht futhi SS amayunithi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amasosha iRed Army, kusukela zangasese ukuze ojenene, balahlekelwa esindayo. Omunye wabo kwakungu-April 18 ukufa insalela isitha igobolondo Army General I. D. Chernyahovskogo induna 3rd Front isiBelorussia.

Kodwa ukuthi kungase kube yiqiniso, ngeke, isibindi kanye ubuqhawe, elisekelwa abanekhono massed ezingontuluntulu (empini ngenxa yaseMpumalanga Prussia 5 izinkulungwane. Pieces wezikhali yasetshenziselwa, kuhlanganise howitzers osezingeni 203-mm 305-mm ingxenye RGC) futhi ukwesekwa zezindiza, ziye zaholela yokubuyiswa endaweni yenhloko-dolobha isiJalimane, edolobheni-inqaba eKönigsberg. Ayethelekela we-node ezibaluleke kakhulu amasu Defense eJalimane lobuNazi owawuse kusuka 7 kuya ku-9 Ephreli 1945. Amashumi ezinkulungwane amasosha aseJalimane bashonile kwathi abanye acishe abe yizinkulungwane 100. Bathunjwa.

Warsaw kuvukela

Ebhekisela Amakhasi okuthakazelisayo nezinezinhlekelele belikhumbuza oluyingqopha-Europe, namanje kubangela impikiswano lezinombolo zezombusazwe futhi umphakathi ezahlukene, ososayensi, izazi-mlando nezingqapheli abameli ezihlukahlukene futhi calibers. Ngakho, sizogxila kwavukelwa ahlomile ngo-1944 e-dolobha Polish ngaphansi kobuholi London emigre uhulumeni.

Phakathi neminyaka engu-yokuvinjezelwa wamaNazi Poland elahlekile kwezigidi eziyisithupha ezakhamuzi zayo aphume labantu ingqikithi abantu abayizigidi ezingu-35. Umbuso umsebenzi yayinzima, lokhu kuye kwaholela ukuvela ukwanda Polish ukumelana amabutho. Kodwa babeyizinceku okuxubile. Ngakho, njengoba sisebenza ezweni mass Ikhaya Army subordinated London Polish uhulumeni-in-ekudingisweni. Ngemva entry ensimini EPoland, amabutho aseSoviet esedale uhulumeni pro-Communist - Committee National Liberation. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, amaqembu ahlomile silwa Yabantu Army. Esondela Warsaw iRed Army nge Amayunithi Army Ludovit kungangenza ngibuyele ekuphuzeni wale komiti amandla yonke insimu Polish. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, uhulumeni ekudingisweni e-London kanye Ikhaya Army amayunithi wathatha izinqumo ngokuzimela khulula Warsaw futhi ngaphandle ukulungiselela ngokungashwampuluzi eside waphakamisa khona ukuvukela ahlomile. Kwenzeka-August 1st. Kwaba khona abangu-izakhamuzi eziningi inhlokodolobha yase-Poland. Kodwa ubuholi Soviet omubi walahla isenzo, sokubizwa ngokuthi gembula. Ngokusho abanye abahlaziyi, iSoviet Union wenqaba ukusekela izihlubuki nge izingalo kanye nezinhlamvu, ngokuvumelana abanye, iRed Army wayengakwazi ukunikeza ukwesekwa okudingekayo. amaqiniso Nokho, kukhona ezimbili - Septhemba 13, amabutho aseSoviet ifinyelele osebeni Vistula e Warsaw, kanye nokufa uhlangothi lwezihlubuki esigabeni lokugcina kwavukelwa senzeka eqinisweni phambi kwabo. Elinye iqiniso - ezinsukwini zokugcina ka kwavukelwa usizo abakhileyo Warsaw amasosha aseSoviet, kwi-oda siqu Stalin wayesalokhu enikeziwe, nakuba okwamanje akunjalo isizixazululile lutho.

Eselahle ayizinkulungwane 18. Amasosha 200,000 Abafa izakhamuzi waseWarsaw, abaholi kuvukela capitulated Okthoba 2, 1944. amabutho aseJalimane njengoba isijeziso waqala ngokubhujiswa komuzi, izakhamuzi zalo eziningi baphoqeleka ukuba babaleke.

Qedela wenkululeko yase-Poland

Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1945, iSoviet Union wavelelwa bokuphakama obuqand amasu ngaphezu kwesitha, edlulele ke ngesigamu isibalo amasosha, kathathu - isibalo amathangi nezibhamu self ezinezinjini, kane - isibalo wezikhali izingcezu (izibhamu izigqulo), izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili - inani izindiza. Endaweni ehlukile, kuyafaneleka ukuthi Eastern Front eziqhutshwa amayunithi ibutho and Allied ingqikithi abantu abayingxenye yesigidi. Nge ngokuphelele emoyeni ukuphakama amabutho aseSoviet bakwazi ukukhetha isiqondiso kanye nesikhathi ukushaqeka main, ukuvula offensives kanyekanye nezimpi ezahlukene futhi benza amasayithi abo. It ayenamandla okukwenza ukulwa, ukubabulala isitha lapho kwaba ezikahle kanye inzuzo lapho futhi.

I okuhlaselayo jikelele kuhlelwe 20 Januwari. Ngu lokulwa eyayihilelekile yonke impi asebenzayo futhi ezimbili lasolwandle.

Kodwa, njengoba sekushiwo ngaphambili kulesi sihloko, phezu Western Front, ngo-December 1944, amabutho kaHitler e Ardennes ngokuzumayo ehlaselwa amabutho wamaNgisi namaMelika wabaphonsa phezu km 100 emuva. BaseMelika elahlekile angaba yizinkulungwane 40. Man. Churchill mathupha ukuvusela Stalin nge isicelo usizo, isicelo wathola kwezindaba ezinhle. I izimpi Soviet, naphezu ukuqeqeshwa elingaqediwe waqala Januwari 12, 1945 futhi waba enamandla kakhulu futhi abantu abaningi sebekholelwa lonke impi. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa izinsuku 23. Ngo-February 3 izingxenye ethuthuka iRed Army wafika osebeni Oder - ngaye yayiwukuba ezweni isiJalimane, lapho izwe kwehlela-Second neMpi Yezwe. Ngo-January 17, amabutho aseSoviet langena Warsaw.

Vistula-Oder operation, olwenziwa umyalo Soviet, kuphelile yokukhululwa Poland futhi ilondolozwe kusuka ekubhujisweni Ardennes amaviyo Western oMfelandawonye, wadala izimo Storming Berlin futhi ukuqeda impi e-Europe.

Ukukhululwa eCzechoslovakia

Impi ewumnqamula-juqu ngenxa ayebusa izikhundla key e-Europe, izwe waphendukela phakathi kuka-April 1945. Bratislava, inhloko-dolobha yase Slovakia, wadedelwa ejele ngaphambili, 4 Apreli. A amasosha angu-30 th Soviet babethathe isikhungo esikhulu yezimboni Moravská Ostrava.

5 Meyi abakhileyo ePrague wasukuma ukuze zabhikisha wezikhali wokulwa efunwa amaRoma. AmaNazi azama minza kwavukelwa egazini, babengazazi wayeka ngisho umyalo German ngemvume insimbi umaluju ku 05/08/1945.

Abavukeli Praguers kuvuliwe umsakazo kuya oMfelandawonye usizo. Uphendule kule kholi, umyalo Soviet, wamshaya imashi ePrague kwamabutho amabili ithangi we 3rd Front Ukraine. Ukwenza trohsotkilometrovy mashi, ibutho izinsuku ezintathu, Meyi 9, langena ePrague. Kulesi kuhlasela nokunye noMbutho we 1st, 2 kanye 4th izimpi Ukrainian, okuholela eCzechoslovakia yakhululwa umsebenzi amaNazi. Qedela yokukhululwa kwabantu baseYurophu kusukela wobushiqela.

Eyesibili phambi

Julayi 6, ngemva ukuqeqeshwa omkhulu West, waqala ayehlasela Allied Expeditionary Amandla - kokwehla operation grand "wazo". amabutho wamaNgisi namaMelika nge Amayunithi Mahhala isiFulentshi, isi-Polish, amayunithi eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia engamaphesenti 2 million 876 ayizinkulungwane. Indoda ukwesekwa okukhulu we Navy futhi Air Force esesifundazweni enyakatho yeFrance, ngo eNormandy. Ngakho-ke ekugcineni wavula phambi yesibili eside elindelwe. Ngesikhathi misa, amaJalimane isinyathelo abashokobezi units komhlaba Ukumelana amabutho matasa amazwe aseYurophu. Baceba aphonse inhliziyo eJalimane. Roosevelt babekholelwa ukuthi Berlin makamthathe baseMelika.

Phakathi okuhlaselayo, amabutho azihlanganisa weza kuvukela ahlomile eFrance, eBelgium naseDenmark. The French futhi baseBelgium lithanda bekhululiwe inhloko-dolobha yabo amaButho Asizanayo Expeditionary Force izuzwe yokukhululwa emazweni abo. Danes abanokuncane - hhayi wathola usizo, kuvukela olwembiza kubahlaseli.

izinqumo Political futhi amasu umbimbi

Ngenxa yalokho, amabhithi ezihehayo kanye ububanzi umxhwele futhi we okuhlaselayo Soviet ngo-1944 nasekuqaleni kuka-1945 ukujula, kucaca ukuphela ngokushesha empini futhi kwesiphetho ukunqotshwa sokugcina ibutho lamaJalimane. Sekuyisikhathi sokuba umbimbi kuhlelembisa zonke izici ecasula zakamuva ngokumelene eJalimane futhi nixoxe ngezinkinga oda emhlabeni ngemva kwempi. Growing isithunzi eU.SSR ukuqashelwa zonke sizana of umnikelo wakhe esiwujuqu kokunqotshwa wodweshu sika akavumelekile ukwamukela isiphakamiso kweSoviet Union ukuze ubambe Yalta Conference of Tinhloko Uhulumeni mazwe amathathu main iqhaza kule anti-Hitler womanyano.

Esikhathini kusuka 4 kuya ku-11 Februwari I. V Stalin, F. D. Ruzvelt futhi sathathwa uWinston Churchill ahlangana Conference Yalta, okuyinto isibe iphuzu eliphezulu nokubambisana amandla kokweqa. abaholi Western babeyazi ikhono eU.SSR ukuqedela ukunqoba ukusebenza wedwa ukuze akhulule Europe. Mhlawumbe lokhu futhi avunyelwe ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni kuzo zonke izindaba.

Ngamagama lempi, liye ixazululwe nezindaba wokubambisana umngcele esishintshashintshayo bomsebenzi. Emaphakathi empikiswaneni yezombangazwe - ikusasa Germany - yaxazululwa ngomqondo wokuthi izwe uzohlala yedwa, ebusa ngentando yeningi, okungavunyelwe ukulwa kuyo, ayikwazi ukwenza emelela liyoba usongo esikhathini esizayo ukuze lonke lwesintu.

Amandla ku umbuzo Polish futhi afinyelele kusivumelwano. Poland wavula indlela khulula ukuthuthukiswa ozimele in imingcele ngokomlando fair.

Kwanqunywa ukuba ukusungula yeziZwe ngenhloso ekufezeni ekuqondisisaneni, sivumelwano futhi kuvimbele ubudlova phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili emhlabeni ngemva kwempi.

Futhi ekugcineni, ukuze ekupheleni ekuqaleni we impi futhi nokucindezela ubudlova lempi le eliseMpumalanga Ekude kwavunyelwana imigomo ye-USSR kokujoyina impi Allied ngokumelene Japan.

Impi ye-Berlin futhi ukuqeda impi

April 16, kwasho ukuqala ukusebenza Berlin. Ngenxa yalokho amasonto amabili wezimpi olunegazi emaphethelweni Berlin (Seelow Heights) futhi edolobheni, lapho zonke izitaladi nazo zonke izindlu ezinkulu yaphenduka inqaba, amasosha iRed Army wakwazi ukuthatha isikhundla wobushiqela - the Reichstag kanye nawo ifulegi ebomvu phezu kwalo.

Ekugcineni, ngobusuku 8 kuya kumhlaka 9 kuMeyi e Karlshorst, esemaphethelweni inhloko-dolobha eJalimane, wonke amaqembu ongene isenzo umaluju kwemibandela wonke amabutho aseJalimane.

Kodwa lokhu akuyona yokukhululwa eYurophu wobushiqela aluphelanga. Meyi 9 sekuqalile Berlin, amasosha kusukela amayunithi kanye okwakheke we 1st Front Ukrainian, ukusiza ePrague edlubulundayo, mashi okusheshayo iyiswe dolobha eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia, wamisa kweqembu undlovukayiphikiswa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo-umzamo ize ukusindisa Isiphelo sakhe unenviable, ayelapho izingxenye t. N. Army imbuka vlasov, noma Roa, eyeke kuya Praguers.

Futhi omunye phawula ngaphezulu. Common phakathi jikelele ingozi abantu futhi sithi kwaba ngemva kwezikhathi zokulotshwa impi kancane kancane waqala bayaqhelelana. imizamo eminingi wokubukeza umphumela impi akagcini kuze kube manje. Ngisho Victory kugujwa uSuku ngezinsuku ezahlukene. Amazwe amaningi sicabangele samaholide usuku 8 Meyi, futhi eSoviet Union, manje Russia, besikhumbula abanolaka impi olunegazi ePrague ngo-1945, gubha Victory Day ngo-May 9. Ngeshwa, njengoba sekube nesicelo indlela olubandlululayo ekusebenziseni izizukulwane ezintsha izindaba mayelana nendlela ukukhululwa ezenzeka eYurophu esuka wobushiqela.

isiphetho

Ukukhululwa-Europe kusukela wobushiqela senziwa Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba nobuqhawe super-Soviet Union kubangane bawo, ukulwa amabutho Ukumelana emasimini lwamaNazi matasa kuwo. I seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili akukapheli, ngaphambili kwaba ukunqotshwa of Japan, kodwa ukunqoba main yayisivele iwine. laliphukile enamandla impi German umshini abehlula.

Kodwa inyunyana izizwe emzabalazweni wobushiqela azikwazanga ukulondolozwa e ngemva kwempi. Njengoba esikhathini esizayo futhi izwe, e-Europe lahlukaniswa kwaba amakamu amabili, esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga, isicebi kanye sezenhlalo. Sekunesikhathi esingakanani ihlukaniswe eJalimane uqobo. uhlelo sezenhlalo emhlabeni sidaliwe, manje kakhulu liguquke, kodwa sisekhona.

Ukukhululwa-Europe, seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili kwaba olunegazi kakhulu. Izisulu Europe ezinsukwini zokugcina zempi yezwe kulinganiselwa ngaso abantu abayizigidi ezingu-40, 2 zawo eziyizigidi ezingu-- abayizigidi ezingu izakhamuzi eNtshonalanga Yurophu nasemazweni 7 - izakhamuzi eJalimane. Asele kwezigidi ezingu-30 abantu abalimala sezizwe eMpumalanga Yurophu i-USSR.

Noma kunjalo, umphumela main - yokukhululwa abantu ekugqilazweni undlovukayiphikiswa. Okwamanje, le nkinga sibi lesintu ukuvimbela yokuziphindiselela ensundu isifo futhi ukhumbule okwenzeka kokuhlanganisa amabutho disparate futhi ngezinye izikhathi abasiphikisayo zezombusazwe futhi umphakathi ukuba usongo lobuphekula nokubhujiswa isiko nempucuko. Ukukhululwa-Europe ngo-1945 kuzobe kungenhloso eside izinto isikhathi sokuhlaziya yesayensi, ezempi, zezombangazwe, zomlando zokuziphatha. Ukuhlobana isipiliyoni nendumezulu abanolwazi namuhla kunanini!