Kuyini isifo: definition, izici nezinhlobo

Imvelo ligcwele lenqwaba "izakhamuzi ', phakathi lapho zikhona ezihlukahlukene nezilwanyana ezincane ezifana amagciwane, isikhunta, lenyama. Abakwazi ukuphila ngokuvumelana ephelele nomuntu (non-pathogenic), khona emzimbeni ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo ukuba kwezimo ezivamile, kodwa bakhuthale bedle izici ezithile (intuba) yingozi kubantu, okubangela ukuthuthukiswa isifo (Amagciwane). Zonke imiqondo ezihlobana ngayo ukuthuthukiswa inqubo ezithathelwanayo. Kuyini isifo, yiziphi izinhlobo kanye nezici - esixoxe ngawo esihlokweni.

imiqondo eyisisekelo

Ukutheleleka ngokuthi ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene, okuyinto has a uhla enkulu ukubonakaliswa - kusukela ukuthutha asymptomatic ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo. Inqubo kuwumphumela ukwethulwa lesi silwanyana (igciwane, ukhunta, ama-bacterium) ukuphila macroorganism, ekuphenduleni umninikhaya ukuthi kuphakama kusukela ukuzivikela ukuphendula ethize.

Izici ukutheleleka:

1. Contagiousness - ikhono yasheshe kumuntu ogulayo endaweni enempilo.
2. Ngokucacile - ezithile silwanyana ethize ibangela isifo okuyinto ejwayelekile ukubonakaliswa wakhe futhi kwasendaweni kumaseli noma izicubu.
3. Isikhawu - Njalo inqubo ezithathelwanayo has izinkathi busebenze.

nezikhathi

Umqondo Lesifo futhi esekelwe cyclicity yenqubo sokugembula. Ukuba khona nezikhathi ukuthuthukiswa isici ngasinye nezimpawu ezifanayo:

1. Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni - isikhathi ukuthi kudlula kusukela esikhathini ukwethulwa lesi silwanyana emzimbeni ngumphefumulo ophilayo nje kukhona izimpawu zokuqala zokwelapha izifo. Le nkathi ingahlala kusuka amahora ambalwa eminyakeni eminingana.
2. prodromatsii isikhathi - ukuvela isici basemtholampilo iningi izinqubo pathologic (ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala).
3. izimpawu olunamandla - isifo ezimatasa. Phakathi nale nkathi, nezimpawu ezithile ukutheleleka ukuqubuka ejwayelekile lokushisa Curves ukushaya kwezicubu wendawo.
4. Ukululama - isikhathi yokuqothulwa isithombe emitholampilo ekululameni kwesiguli.

Izinhlobo izinqubo ezithathelwanayo

Ukuze ubone eminye imininingwane mayelana nenkinga ukuthi isifo onjalo, udinga ukuba siyiqonde ukuthi iyini. Kukhona inombolo ethize ngeengaba kuye umsuka, imisinga, kwasendaweni, inombolo amagciwane microbial, nokunye. D.

1. ngendlela efanayo Ukungena kwamagciwane:

• inqubo Exogenous - libhekene kwema- pathogen kusukela imvelo yangaphandle;
• inqubo endogenous - oyenza ngumnikazi microflora kunemibandela pathogenic ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezingezinhle.

2. ngu umsuka:

• inqubo nokuguqulwa - libhekene ukungabi khona Ukungenela komuntu;
• Pilot - ukutheleleka ayikhuliswanga ngokufuywa egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela.

3. Ngokweyoku-inani nezilwanyana ezincane:

• monoinfection - kubangelwa olulodwa lwento ephilayo ye lwegciwane;
• okuxubile - abathintekayo izinhlobo eziningana Amagciwane.

4. Ukuze:

• inqubo eyinhloko - nje uvele isifo;
• inqubo yesibili - kulandele kwalokho zokugula okwengeziwe ezithathelwanayo ku isizinda isifo eyinhloko.

5. kwasendaweni:

• indawo ukuma - lesi silwanyana kuphela endaweni lapho ukungena umzimba kwempi;
• ifomu generalized - the Amagciwane zasakazekela umzimba nge subsidence okwengeziwe ezindaweni ezithile ozithandayo.

Uma amagciwane basakaza ngemithambo yegazi, kodwa akufanele izandisele khona, isifo okuthiwa i-viremia (agent causative - igciwane), bacteremia (amagciwane), fungemia (isikhunta), parasitaemia (lenyama). Endabeni igazi ukubuyabuyelela kwamagciwane ekuthuthukiseni sepsis.

6. olwandle:

• ukutheleleka acute - has isithombe esikhanyayo emitholampilo ihlala engasekho esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa,
• lesi sifo singalapheki - libhekene mkhuba evilaphayo, amashumi, it has exacerbation (lokubuya kwesifo).

7. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-Izesekeli:

• izifo "kobuntwana" - ogxile ezithinta izingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kuka-2 no-iminyaka engu-10 ubudala (inkukhu Pox, idiphtheria, scarlet fever, ukhwehlela whooping);
• "Ukutheleleka Adult," umqondo ayikanye, njengokungathi nilalela kwamagciwane abangela ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo e abadala, umzimba wengane njengoba ebucayi.

Kukhona umqondo bathelelane futhi superinfection. Esimweni sokuqala, umuntu useluleme ngokuphelele ngemva isifo itheleleke kabusha pathogen efanayo. Ngu superinfection bathelelane kwenzeka ngisho ngokuhamba isifo (lwegciwane zamagciwane kuthiwa laminated ku nomunye).

falling endleleni

Kukhona kulandela Ukungena nezilwanyana ezincane ukuthi ahlinzeke ukudluliselwa Amagciwane kusukela imvelo ku umzimba aphethe:

• fecal-setemlomo (alimentary siqukethe, amanzi kanye oxhumana-yasekhaya);
• athathelwana (igazi) - kuhlanganisa ngokobulili, parenteral futhi ukulunywa yizinambuzane;
• aerogenic (uthuli emoyeni futhi sisemoyeni);
• xhumana-ngokobulili, contact-isilonda.

Ukuze Amagciwane kakhulu zinezikhathi ngendlela eqondile Ukungena ku vumelekile umzimba. Uma lo mshini ukudluliswa iphazamisekile, lesi sifo zingase zingaveli noma sibe sibi obubonakala ngendlela.

Kwasendaweni ukutheleleka

Kuye endaweni ethintekile, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo izifo:

1. Emathunjini. Inqubo sokugembula yenzeka pheshana emathunjini, umenzeli ingena umzila fecal-ngomlomo. Lezi zihlanganisa salmonellosis, uhudo, Rotavirus, i-typhoid fever.
2. Zokuphefumula. Inqubo kwenzeka yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi ipheshana zokuphefumula, nezilwanyana ezincane kuthiwa "ezihambayo" ezimweni eziningi ngokusebenzisa emoyeni (Umkhuhlane, adenovirus ukutheleleka, parainfluenza).
3. Yangaphandle. Amagciwane zonakalisa isikhumba futhi nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, okubangela fungal ukutheleleka, utwayi, i microspores STD.
4. Igazi. Lesifo ingena ngemithambo yegazi, abazenzi by eminye wonke umzimba (HIV, ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B, isifo ezihambisana ne ukulunywa yizinambuzane).

izifo emathunjini

Cabangela izinqubo ethile sokugembula e isibonelo elinye lamaqembu - izifo emathunjini. Kuyini ukutheleleka ngegciwane ipheshana yesisu yomuntu, futhi ihluke kanjani?

Izifo emelelwa amaqembu kungadalwa isifo esibangelwe igciwane, fungal kanye nemvelaphi ezibangelwa amagciwane. nezilwanyana ezincane okunobuthi uyakwazi ukungena iminyango ehlukahlukene yaleli pheshana emathunjini, kucatshangwa rotaviruses futhi enteroviruses. Bayakwazi hhayi kuphela ukusakaza by umzila fecal-temlomo, kodwa futhi amaconsi ukushaya epithelium elingenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula futhi okubangela herpetic umphimbo obuhlungu.

izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (Salmonella, uhudo) adluliswa ngokukhethekile umzila fecal-ngomlomo. Ezithathelana umsuka fungal zenzeka ekuphenduleni izinguquko emzimbeni yangaphakathi, okuzovela ngaphansi isenzo kwamaphilisi noma ukusetshenziswa eside ngamalungiselelo ama-hormone, e immunodeficiency.

Rotavirus

Rotavirus ukutheleleka emathunjini, okuyinto ukwelashwa kufanele kube olunzulu kanye ezifika ngesikhathi, isimiso, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye sifo kwesigamu amacala emitholampilo viral ezithathelwanayo pathologies emathunjini. Umuntu onegciwane uyingozi emphakathini kusukela ekupheleni kwesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni kuze ukululama ephelele.

Rotavirus ukutheleleka emathunjini ezinganeni kwenzeka nzima kakhulu kunokuba kwabadala. Isinyathelo ukubonakaliswa acute ephelezelwa isithombe emtholampilo ezilandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu,
• sohudo (sezinyawo uba nombala ukukhanya, kungaba igazi okuphothula);
• ukuhlanza;
• komzimba;
• amakhala yisisu;
• ukuvuvukala umphimbo.

Rotavirus ukutheleleka emathunjini ezinganeni ezimweni eziningi kuhambisana nokuqubuka ezikoleni kanye preschools. Lapho sengineminyaka engu-5, iningi lezingane baye babhekana ku ngokwami isenzo ka rotaviruses. Ukulandela ukutheleleka kwenzeka nzima njengoba icala lokuqala emtholampilo.

ukutheleleka kuhlinzwa

Iziguli eziningi ezidinga kokungenela kuhlinzwa, banesithakazelo umbuzo ukuthi uhlobo olunjani ukutheleleka kuhlinzwa. Lena inqubo efanayo umzimba womuntu nokuxhumana lwegciwane, okwenzeka kuphela isizinda operation noma ngokudinga kokungenela kuhlinzwa ukubuyisela imisebenzi ngesifo esithile.

Ingabe acute (ubovu, Putrid, othize, anaerobic) kanye nenqubo okungamahlalakhona (ethize kanye nonspecific).

Kuye indawo ukutheleleka kuhlinzwa isifo angawodwa:

• izicubu ezithambile;
• amalunga omzimba namathambo;
• ubuchopho kanye nezinhlaka zayo;
• we komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu;
• ingaphakathi thoracic;
• izitho okhalo;
• izingxenye ngabanye noma izitho (ndlala mammary, ibhulashi, ayeke nokunye. d.).

Agents izifo kuhlinzwa

Okwamanje, "izivakashi" esivamile acute ubovu izinqubo yilezi:

• aureus;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
• enterococcus;
• E. coli;
• streptococcus;
• Proteus.

Gateway Ukungena zabo kukhona izilonda ezihlukahlukene nolwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye isikhumba, imihuzuko, ukulunywa, imihuzuko, Amapayipi nezindlala (umjuluko sebaceous). Uma umuntu ezingamahlalakhona foci ekuqongeleleni nezilwanyana ezincane (namathansela okungamahlalakhona, rhinitis, abole amazinyo), bona ibe imbangela ukwehlukana Amagciwane wonke umzimba.

ukwelashwa ukutheleleka

At inhliziyo nokulahla sokugembula ukwelashwa microflora esiyimbangela kuhloswe izimbangela zesifo. Kuye uhlobo ejenti esetshenzisiwe amaqembu elandelayo ukuthaka imithi:

1. Imithi elwa namagciwane (uma lwegciwane - amagciwane). Ukukhetha iqembu ejenti elwa namagciwane futhi wenze umuthi othize ngesisekelo luhlolo bacteriological nokuzimisela ukuzwela ngazinye lesi silwanyana.
2. Elwa namagciwane (uma ejenti causative - igciwane). Ngo parallel, elokusebenzisa izidakamizwa eziqinisa izivikelo zomzimba womuntu.
3. ejenti Antifungal (uma ejenti causative - ukhunta).
4. Worming (uma lwegciwane - worm noma elula).

Ukwelapha izifo ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 zisetshenziswa esibhedlela, ukuze ligweme izinkinga ezingase zivele kungenzeka.

isiphetho

Ngemva indawo okuvela kuyo amazwi isifo, ngokuba lwegciwane ethile, uchwepheshe uchitha kwamangqamuzana futhi inquma isidingo esibhedlela. Qiniseka ukuthi ucacise igama isifo uphethwe ethize, hhayi nje igama elithi "ukutheleleka". Umlando lesi sifo, okuyinto uzozala ukwelashwa kwasesibhedlela, uqukethe lonke ulwazi mayelana izigaba ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa esifweni esithile. Nge asikho isidingo hospitalize isiguli lonke ulwazi ezifana silotshwe sinenkonzo yokunakekela iziguli emakhaya kumephu.