Dzheyms Awe-Kuk: Biography emfushane futhi uhambo

seafarer Ikusasa Dzheyms Awe-Kuk wazalwa ngo 1728 e-England, indodana bangaphambili ipulazi yesisebenzi. Ngemva wafundiswa, le nsizwa yaba umsebenzi engumfana gumbi ngomkhumbi wakhe wokuqala.

Kusukela ngawo-Navy

Ngisho ebusheni bakhe bokuqala Cook wanquma ukuthi wanikezela ukuphila kwakhe kolwandle. Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula wafundiswa wesayensi uhambo lomkhumbi azihlanganisa - geography, astronomy kanye nomlando of ucwaningo emazweni amasha. Ngo 1755, i-Royal Navy uthethe itilosi entsha. Kwakumelwe Dzheyms Awe-Kuk. Umlando Omfushane umuntu afakwe i-career kusukela itilosi elula Bosun nje ngenyanga yesevisi.

Ngalesi sikhathi waqala iMpi Iminyaka eyisikhombisa ngokumelene France futhi abasizi bayo. Pheka nengxenye izimpi emkhunjini "Lokhozi" kanye nokuvinjelwa ogwini isitha. Ngo 1758 wathunyelwa eNyakatho Melika, lapho yamazwe amabili ayizikhondlakhondla asolwandle baqhubeka umzabalazo amakoloni nezisetshenziswa. Ngaleso sikhathi, Cook wayeyingcweti - mate. He is onguchwepheshe ekudwetshweni kwamabalazwe, wathuma ukuhlola wesiteshi isiteshi St Lawrence River. On usebe lwawo wayeyinduna evelele emzini Quebec, British wafuna uthwebule.

Master uye babhekana ngokuphumelelayo nokuphazamiseka komsebenzi, ukuze ukuhlasela okwenzeka futhi kuthatha inqaba ezibalulekile. Royal Navy kade ochwepheshe ezibalulekile ezifana Dzheyms Awe-Kuk, Biography emfushane lapho wathola emzuliswaneni omusha. Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, waqala ukulungiselela for uhambo lwakhe lokuqala emhlabeni.

Lolu hambo lokuqala

Isimo usunike Cook encane umkhumbi "Kunesikhathi Sakho". It itilosi abanolwazi kwadingeka ukuhlola kwezilwandle eningizimu ukuthola nezwekazi ezingaziwa, okuyinto okuthiwa kwaba ngo zindawo kakhulu. Iqembu futhi okhredithwe abanolwazi ochwepheshe - zezitshalo futhi izazi zezinkanyezi. Leli qembu kwaba nokuqondisa Dzheyms Awe-Kuk, Biography emfushane futhi namuhla edonsela abafundi abaningi.

Ngo 1768 washiya Plymouth itheku ukuba eTahiti. UCaptain zihlukaniswa yokuthi umkhumbi ongene isiyalo esiqinile phezu ubuhlobo kubantu bendawo. Ithimba wayalelwa kunoma isiphi isimo ayinakungqubuzana ne babeyizidlova, kodwa kunalokho zama ukwakha ubuhlobo obunokuthula. Lokhu kwaba ephikisana umkhuba akonakele lutho, abanikazi bamakoloni, bendawo bakamalalahlengezela ukusika noma iwe ebugqilini. Lena wamazwe eziphikisayo Dzheyms Awe-Kuk. Umlando Omfushane uCaptain ayinazo ubufakazi bokuthi wake waqala ezingqubuzana abomdabu.

New Zealand nase-Australia

Ngemva eTahiti, kulandele eNew Zealand, uhlolisisa lo Dzheyms Awe-Kuk. Umlando Omfushane wamazwe kuzo zonke ebhukwinitifundvo kuhlanganisa incazelo eningiliziwe imisebenzi yakhe lwasakazeka kabanzi njengomdwebi wamabalazwe. Wachaza ngokuningiliziwe coast ngalinye, okuyinto ngomkhumbi esidlule. ikhadi lakhe lisetshenziselwa enye iminyaka engamakhulu. On the "Kunesikhathi Sakho" livula bay, yena okuthiwa Queen Charlotte Sound. Igama induna ithole strait ehlukanisa iziqhingi ezimbili eNew Zealand.

Ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Australia lapho zilwane amaqembu ongabonakali izitshalo. Ngenxa yalokhu bay esifundeni esibizwa the Botanical. BaseYurophu bamangazwa nezilwane zendawo, kuhlanganise ama-kangaroo dikovannym. Juni 11, 1770 umkhumbi wahlupheka umgodi sína ukuthi izixhobo zamakhorali, okuyinto behlisa kakhulu lo mkhankaso.

Lapho ukuvuza ziye zangena, "Kunesikhathi Sakho" waya Indonesia. amatilosi Kukhona itheleleke nge umalaleveva. Imibandela sanitary we ke sintanta has kubhubhane. Nokho, Cook, ngokwenza ngokuvumelana nemithetho kwenhlanzeko ushintsho Ukudla angayinqoba ukhwekhwe - yayiyisiqalekiso amatilosi. Kodwa umalaleveva nesihudo wayengakabi izindlela eziphumelelayo. Ngakho-ke, lapho "Zama" ekugcineni Kwatholakala e Cape Town, abantu abangu-12 kuphela ezisele ababesemkhunjini, Cook.

Lolu hambo lokuqala kwaba ukuthi New Zealand yakhiwa iziqhingi ezimbili. Injongo eyinhloko yawo (eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe) futhi awuzange itholiwe. Kusengozini kuyinto ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Australia lasetshenziswa ngokuningiliziwe.

Eyesibili uhambo

Ngo-1772 waqala uhambo entsha, eholwa Dzheyms Awe-Kuk. Umlando iDemo izingane iqukethe eziningi ezithakazelisayo travel ukuthi ukuheha abafundi abasha. Ngokuyisisekelo incazelo izitshalo emangalisayo nezilwane eziningi zezilwane zasezindaweni ezishisayo.

Pheka baba ilitshe lokuqala Bouvet Island, okuyinto wayeke ibonwe kusukela uhambo kude Norwegian. Nokho, ucezu athandwayo komhlaba alutholakalanga ke iqembu akagcinanga eningizimu. Ngo-January 1773 "ISINQUMO" futhi "Adventure" ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni ucwaningo ewela i-Antarctic Circle. Ngenxa yezimo ezinzima sezulu imikhumbi emibili, ngisho kafushane Wakhohlwa nomunye.

Ngemva eside yalolu hambo ukudlulisa ephethwe iTahiti Hin. Lapho, eBritish sibhekene kwezenzo ezihlukumezayo abantu bendawo, futhi ngisho ubuzimu. Esikhathini esizayo, Cook ephethwe ngenxa empumalanga, kokuvula New Caledonia futhi saseNingizimu Georgia. Nokho, akakaze bakwazi ukufika osebeni lweChibi i-Antarctica. It wafuna Dzheyms Awe-Kuk. Biography, sifinyeto ethwala ezamehlela ezicacile, bekulokhu isihloko ucwaningo oluningana mlando.

uhambo Kugcine

Ngo 1776 waqala uhambo entsha. Kwakuwusuku Uhambo lokugcina, eyayiholwa Dzheyms Awe-Kuk. Biography, sifinyeto elitholakala kuzo zonke izincwadi geography, kuhlanganisa kulesi sahluko ezithakazelisayo. Ngalesi sikhathi induna ithole imikhumbi emibili - "ISINQUMO" futhi "Ukutholwa".

Disemba 24, 1777 uhambo wathola Christmas Island, ngakho ogama lakhe behlonipha holidi ezayo. Lapha amatilosi bakwazi ukubona solar ukusitheka kwelanga mathupha. okuhlaselayo yakhe ababengalazi Dzheyms Awe-Kuk, eyayihlanganisa umlando esifushane, futhi izinsuku eside wokutadisha astronomy.

ukufa

Kakade ngoJanuwari, baseYurophu kuqala wabona Islands Hawaiian. Lapha baphumula, bese baya ogwini Alaska noLwandle amaChukchi. Endleleni imikhumbi ewela i -Arctic Circle. On the Aleutian esijwayelekile Islands Cook wahlangana abacwaningi Russian kanye nezimboni.

Kusukela polar kwezilwandle ithimba waphindela eHawaii. Yena kwamhlangabeza isixuku inombolo aboMdabu abangaba yinkulungwane. Nge abendawo njalo kwakukhona izingxabano, yingakho nje beke bahlasela British. Kolunye ekuhlaseleni Februwari 14, 1779 Dzheyms Awe-Kuk wabulawa. Biography emfushane kakhulu isihloli kufanele yaziwe kunoma indoda ethile efundile futhi erudite. Ukaputeni waba iqhawe lesizwe e-UK.