Umgede emzini Calais: izithombe, izibuyekezo, indawo

Umgede emzini Calais ubelokhu yabakhanga zezivakashi. Yini kuyathakazelisa? Lapho kuba? Yiziphi legends ahambisana nawo? Ngalolu futhi eziningi nezinye sizobe ukuchaza kulesi sihloko.

Lapho kuba?

Likuphi Calais? Umgede idolobha isendaweni YaseCrimea Peninsula Bakhchisaray wesifunda. Idolobhana eliseduze (Bakhchisarai) mayelana 2.5-3 amakhilomitha. I umzana onezivikelo eziqinile waba iseningizimu entabeni ende ephakemeyo emaweni Plateau sikhuthazeke yasekhaya YaseCrimea Izintaba, okuyinto lizungezwe izigodi ezintathu ezijulile.

Calais - edolobheni emhumeni, ogama kheli alitholakali kunoma iyiphi ibalazwe. Zendawo iziqondiso eseduze: Bakhchisaray wesifunda, YaseCrimea Peninsula.

Ukuze fufutheka dlela, uya emzini emhumeni Calais, eduze izixhumanisi amatilosi GPS: N 44 ° 44'27 "E 33 ° 55'28".

Kanjani ukuze baye khona?

Omunye wemibuzo wakhuliswa labo ufuna ukuvakashela idolobha emhumeni Calais - kanjani lapho? Kukhona izinketho ezimbili yilezi: self-drive ezokuthutha zomphakathi esitobhini yokugcina "Staroselie" (Bakhchisarai) Ukuqhubeka silandela unyawo izimpawu enqabeni, noma Calais njengengxenye group tour (le ndlela ukukhethela Izivakashi eziningi holidaymakers e zokungcebeleka of elisogwini oluseningizimu ye-eCrimea Peninsula).

Izinketho amagama emihumeni

Umgede idolobha nomlando wakhe omude ngokuphindiwe yashintsha igama layo.

Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, igama lokuqala, nomuzi wawungowegolide Fulla. Settlement negama esinjalo okukhulunywa ngayo ngokuphindaphindiwe emiBhalweni emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke 1-2 eminyaka AD, kodwa abacwaningi abakwazanga nithole ukuthi ubekuphi.

Kusukela ngekhulu le-13 ukuba imithombo, lo muzi yayisivele ukubizwa ngokuthi Kirk-Noma (enye inguqulo ezivamile Kirk-EF), ngokwezwi nezwi ihumusha ngokuthi "izinqaba amane." Futhi ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-YaseCrimea Khan ungathola igama Gevher-Kermen (ukuhumusha - "Uyabazisa Fortress"), igama zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi lwesiTatar ulema amagugu gqizisa zonke zivinjelwe ngamasango, izindonga namasango enqabeni.

Phakathi nekhulu le-17 lenqaba ekhulwini wayiswa ngamaKaraite futhi ithole igama elisha - Calais. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi YaseCrimea Karaite lwesigodi ulimi "Kale" ( "kala") lisho "ngezitini odongeni, izinqaba, inqaba."

Ngemva nokudliwa eCrimea kuya Russian Empire edolobheni Calais siguqulelwa edolobheni emhumeni Calais, okuhunyushwa kusuka ulimi Crimean Tatar kusho "Jewish" noma "Jewish" inqaba (çufut - umJuda, umJuda; qale - inqaba). Leli gama nezinqaba wanika abathengisi ime lapha ezihlukahlukene izidingo, kancane kancane igama Calais kuba esemthethweni, isetshenziswa imisebenzi yesayensi ososayensi Soviet nezincwadi Karaite abalobi kusukela maphakathi nawo wangekhulu le-19 kuze kube ngu-1991.

Kusukela ngo-1991, abaholi YaseCrimea zamaKaraite uqambe kabusha emhumeni inqaba emzini Calais e Dzhuft-Calais (ukuhumusha - kabili noma amandla double), kodwa ukuthi ukuqanjwa kabusha kwase imvelo ngokwethukela.

Kanye namagama Chufut- Dzhuft-Calais, izincwadi Karaite kunezinye amagama emizi emhumeni kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo kwekhulu le-19 yayibizwa ngokuthi "Village Yuhudim", bese - "Village ha Kara".

Umlando isisekelo

Kukhona izinguqulo eziningana mayelana isisekelo edolobheni emhumeni. On omunye wabo, komnikazi lokuqala limiswa lapha Sarmatians futhi Alans kule 4 AD leminyaka. Ngokusho version yesibili, okuyinto ivame ukuba ososayensi abaningi, eminyakeni 550 (ngesikhathi kubusa uMbusi WaseByzantium uJustinian) ukuze bavikele tindlelanchubo Chersonesos ezintathu emhumeni inqaba idolobha yasungulwa: Calais, Calais kanye Mangul Eski-Kermen. Nokho, idatha kulezi nemizana ezingafakwanga ku indatshana "Ngo-data izakhiwo 'kubo baye zitholakala ngenxa ye abavubukuli.

amawa ungenakunqotshwa kanye esikhulu amawa ezakhiwe imvelo, yakhwa indoda nge izindonga eziphakeme nemisele izinqaba. Citadel isibe indawo yokuhlala ephephile futhi izinqaba kakhulu.

I inqaba esikhathini YaseCrimea Khanate

Engxenyeni Ngekhulu le-11 yesibili, le nqaba yayidlondlobala phezu Kipchak (owaziwa ngokuthi Cumans), ekuqambeni kabusha kuyo Kirk-Ep.

Ngo 1299 amabutho Emir Nogai wathatha kulesi siphepho ukudlondlobala ngemuva kokuvinjezelwa eside nebabayo, aphanga futhi axoshwe Sarmatian-lancers abahlala lenqaba. Nganqoba emhumeni AmaTatar emzini okuthiwa Kirk-Noma.

Emakhulwini eminyaka 13-14 (phakathi nokubusa Khan Jani Beg) Nasi esinye amakhanda we ulus YaseCrimea, le lamahlubuka kusukela Golden zidlamlilo.

ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kanye okusheshayo edolobheni emhumeni Calais kwaba ngekhulu le-15. Isizathu sokuba anjalo ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha enqabeni kwaba ukuthi Kirk-Noma yaba inhloko-dolobha yokuqala YaseCrimea Khanate. Khan Haji Giray ahlelwe sokuhlala kwakhe lapha emva ukunqoba umbusi Kirk-Orsk Khanate Eminek Bey. Haji Giray waba umsunguli we-lwamakhosi lonke kubabusi YaseCrimea. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo inqaba lakhiwa esigodlweni Khan, ke eyasungulwa madrasas, wandisa ayakhiwe ngaphansi Jani Beg Mosque. Kukhona kucatshangwa ukuthi eminyakeni yokuqala wokubusa Khan Haji Giray Yakhiwa kanye Mint, okuyinto ephrintiwe zesiliva okudweba nombhalo othi "Kirk-Noma" (izinsalela isakhiwo ezatholakala abavubukuli inqaba).

Umlando inqaba ngemva bokuhlukaniswa isimo inhlokodolobha

Phakathi nekhulu le-17 Khan Giray Mengli wayala ukuba kwakhiwe isigodlo esisha emaxhaphozini usawoti kanye wathutha esigodlweni Khan. I inqaba lanikezwa AmaKaraite uqambe kabusha Calais futhi kamuva lethiwa yokugcina - Calais. ZamaKaraite kwandise endaweni Calais cishe 2 izikhathi ngenxa adjoined ohlangothini olusempumalanga kohlelo ukuzivikela, okuyinto kwabunjwa ikota zokuhweba.

udonga Lasendulo, eyakhiwa amabhlogo esikhulu itshe bunjwa wamaqhuqhuva futhi sasondelana ngodaka, kwaba manje naphakathi ukuhlukaniswa ithafa ku empumalanga nasentshonalanga izingxenye, ngayinye okungase ubambe ukuzivikela ezimele. Ngakho kwaba khona omunye igama inqaba - Dzhuft-Calais (Igumbi umusi noma amandla kabili). Ngaphambi izindonga enqabeni bemba emseleni ububanzi, angenakuvinjwa izinqama zokubhodloza, ngemva kokuba sebewelile ngu footbridges.

Umlando kusukela esikhathini kokujoyina Empire Russian

Phakathi nokubusa nomshana uPetru mina sika-Anna Ivanovna ibutho Russian athumba futhi wabhubhisa Bakhchisaray Calais. Ngemva nokudliwa eCrimea uMbuso Russian ngesinqumo somthetho we Empress imikhawulo yasuswa yokuhlala Krymchaks futhi zamaKaraite, abaningi bayishiya izindonga enqabeni, kwasala ukuphila ingxenye encane nje kuphela omphakathi Armenia futhi ngamaKaraite, ongazange ufuna ukushiya indlela emisiwe ukuphila.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 bonke abakhileyo ushiye Calais ukuphila kwakukhona kuphela ngumnakekeli umkhaya. Isakhamuzi lokugcina lenqaba, edumile Karaite nengcweti umbhali we imisebenzi yesayensi eziningi A. efunisisisa, washiya izindonga yayo 1874.

Zokuzivikela ukubaluleka inqaba

Kuqala Calais - ukuzivikela. Ngaphezu izindonga okusezingeni eliphezulu onezivikelo eziqinile umsele ebanzi, lapho kwakusetshenziswa izinqumo ambalwa ngaphezulu tactically ezibalulekile. Umgwaqo enqabeni sihamba Assumption Sezindela wherein nanso is umthombo wamanzi aphuzwayo, ugongolo Mariyam Dere okwengeziwe sivame ukukhuphuka ngokungumqansa - ngokusebenzisa emathuneni - southern (ezincane) Umgomo. La masango ezakhiwa njengesicupho: abakwazi angabonwa nje usondela kuwo eduze. Cishe, ngaphambi kwakukhona isango, t. Ukuze. On the izindonga lesango zaziyizingalo kwesihlahla se-okhi leaf.

I umzila ukuze edolobheni emhumeni Calais elapha emthambekeni emaweni lwalowomgodi ukuze izitha baphoqeleka ekhuphukela lenqaba, waphendukela ngakwesokudla sakhe, ngezinyamazane ezibuthaka kunezinye, emaceleni (izihlangu eyenziwa ngesandla sakhe sokhohlo futhi izikhali - ngakwesokudla). Phakathi emqansweni ngaphansi ukuhlasela izitha ngemicibisholo, okuyinto yithela them kusukela izintuba wahlomisa ngokukhethekile ezindongeni abavikeli inqaba. Zokubhodloza inqama knock isango cishe kungenakwenzeka: phambi kwabo eyehlelayo emaweni, umzila uyisicaba futhi ngqo phambi wicket wenza esejika. Kodwa ngisho noma isitha futhi ukungena esangweni, bemlindile kunesinye isihibe: Ayethelekela amasosha Citadel kwadingeka ukuba angene indlela enqamulelayo ewumngcingo, ngokukhethekile libhalwe edwaleni. Nge flooring sokhuni, wahlela phezu ephasishi phezu kwamakhanda abanqobi lana amatshe, wathela amanzi abilayo, futhi amabutho alwa ngeminsalo, ame emihumeni, shot ngaphandle miss.

Uhlangothi olusempumalanga komuzi bavikela oluphakemeyo futhi umsele phambi kwalo, futhi izindonga eningizimu, enyakatho nasentshonalanga akuzona oswela ukuvikelwa, isb. A. Plateau nalezi amaqembu kuwa iqonde phansi, ukuze ufike lapha kungaba kuphela wazibonela bezintaba.

Architecture Calais

Calais - edolobheni emhumeni, isithombe, ngeshwa awakwazi ukuveza amandla yayo yangaphambili. Ukuze namuhla ngasinda abambalwa emihumeni nezakhiwo ngamaKaraite, iningi zakhiwo zaba yincithakalo.

Ohlangothini eseningizimu eziyinkimbinkimbi walondoloza kahle we emihumeni endala, injongo eyinhloko - a ukuzivikela noma ukulwa nawo. iningi emihumeni ziwile e ingxenye endala yedolobha, kodwa ezimbili ipulazi balondolozwa. Lokhu izakhiwo ezinkulu elenziwe ngumuntu kuthiwa kuhlobene edwaleni zamatshe aqoshiwe ezitebhisini. Kucatshangwa ukuthi le migede zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso leziboshwa, okuyinto ungagcina lapha iminyaka (nokucabanga kusekelwe izinsalela Amabha phansi womhume amafasitela Sheremetiev amanothi, owachitha cishe 6 iminyaka ejele Calais). Ngenhla le migede ekhulwini le-17 yakhiwa isakhiwo sokuhlala.

Budebuduze emhumeni walondoloza isibonelo esihle bokwakha kwekhulu le-15 - the Mausoleum Janicke Khanum, igama okuyinto ezinganekwaneni eziningi. On omunye wabo, Janicke wahlala esigodlweni eduze emabhalekisini amasosha 1000, ngaphansi umyalo amasosha heroically bavikela Calais, kodwa Hanim wafa ngesikhathi iJerusalema livinjezelwe. Uyise Tokhtamysh Khan ngaphambilini sokwakha endaweni sekufeni kwakhe Mausoleum octagonal, ehlotshiswe portal okusezingeni eliphezulu namakholomu ezibaziweyo. Ngo ekujuleni Mausoleum namanje itshe lethuna ethuneni iNdlovukazi abadumile.

walondoloza kahle futhi Karaite kenassas etholakala eduze Mausoleum. Lezi isakhiwo elingunxande, elizungezwe masimu okukhululekile amakholomu kanye nemengamo ayesetshenziselwa nemihlangano jikelele, aphethwe lapha isevisi futhi libhekele izinkantolo abadala abavuthiwe ngokomoya. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 esakhiweni esincane kenassas igcinwe umtapo omkhulu kwemibhalo yesandla yasendulo, eqoqwe ososayensi A. S. Firkovichem.

On the emincane main Ruts emgwaqweni walondoloza kusuka amasondo, ukujula yabo kwezinye izindawo ifinyelela 0.5 amamitha, bafakazela ukuthi impilo eminyaka eside futhi esebenzayo esichumayo kanye lapha.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuvakashela neveli indlu phezu kwewa isakhamuzi lokugcina Calais (A. S. Firkovicha). Ungakwazi enyuka izakhiwo ukuzivikela abasengxenyeni esempumalanga le nqaba.

Umgede emzini Calais: Izibuyekezo

Izivakashi abaye bavakashela idolobha inqaba, mina kakhulu ukweluleka ukuya e lapha inkombandlela abanolwazi abazokutshela indaba kule ndawo eyingqayizivele, Siyobonisa in yonke inkazimulo emhumeni yayo idolobha Calais. Njengoba lisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha nje kuka-550 esikhumbuzo walondoloza ngokuphelele endala, ubuka ukuthi, futhi abakholelwa ukuthi uma abantu babehlala lapha. Ngokuvamile, ebuka le migede, abantu abakholelwa ukuthi babezindla lihlalwe muntu: konke "Abaphilayo" nasezakhiweni kunamandla ngaphezu komhlabathi, bazenzela nemihume beniyingxenye esigcwele, noma ngenxa yezizathu yasendlini.

Yini ukubona esilandelayo?

Ukuya Calais - edolobheni emhumeni, izithombe zazo kuyoba iminyaka eminingi kubakhumbuza lolu hambo okumangalisayo - ziyabuya kuwufanele ukuvakashelwa oNgcwele Dormition Monastery, eyasungulwa ekhulwini 8. Ungakwazi babiza isithonjana Dormition the Virgin oNgcwele, ukuze yesevisi, ukuthandaza noma ukufaka inothi. Ngesikhathi sezindela kukhona umthombo ngamanzi okumnandi ukuphuza.

Futhi qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela enhle esigodlweni Khan e Bakhchisarai, eyasungulwa ngo-ngekhulu le-16. Lokhu esigodlweni esihle iyafana indawo enhle empumalanga inganekwane. Esigodlweni ungabona kanjani Khan wahlala, ukuvakashela i Museum yobuciko embukisweni izikhali, izithombe ngokumelene ezihlatshelelwa Pushkin UMthombo Izinyembezi.

Calais - omunye ambalwa lokusinda emhumeni amadolobha eCrimea kanye wavakashela kakhulu phakathi kwabo. Caves nezindonga le nqaba, kenassas, le Mausoleum futhi emigwaqweni emincane yase edolobheni ukuphefumula umlando zasendulo, ephoqa ucabanga ngencazelo kanye transience zokuphila.