The enhle kakhulu metro station, eMoscow. Uhlu iziteshi amahle kunayo eMoscow Metro

Ngo-1935 wavula igatsha lokuqala eMoscow Isiteshi sesitimela "Sokolniki" - "Ipaki Kultury". ukwakhiwa kwalo Sizokwenza abantu baseSoviet walithanda movie "Amavolontiya". umsebenzi Metrostroevtsy ngesikhathi wayengomunye walaba abahlonishwa kakhulu, futhi ohlonishwa kakhulu, futhi.

Lapho enhle kakhulu

Nakuba dolobha babedinga kakhulu ekwakhiweni esitimeleni, futhi umbuzo ukubukeka elikhangayo esiteshini akuyona kwi-ajenda. Muhlekazi ongaphansi komhlaba esiteshini (eMoscow) yayakhiwe kamuva, nalapho leliya lizwe-winner iye yabonisa ukuba izwe hhayi kuphela inzuzo emandleni ezempi, kodwa futhi kuyindlela yokuphila, nakuba izindawo ezimbalwa zangaphambi empi phakathi eziyishumi enhle kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, wonke ongaphansi komhlaba e Moscow, 44 iziteshi zazo 190 okukhona neyaziwayo njengezinto amagugu amasiko, angabhekwa emangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Izinhlu ehola izinto zingenzeki njalo luqondane. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye uhlu "muhlekazi ongaphansi komhlaba esiteshini (eMoscow)" amakhanda "Kiev", omunye - "I-Komsomolskaya", futhi endaweni ethile sokuqala "Arbat". Ngokuvamile, kuzo zonke izilinganiso ukuhlangabezana stop "kuyi-Komsomolskaya", "Kiev", "Revolution Square", "Mayakovskaya" futhi "Novoslobodskaya". Nakuba ungakwazi kalula ucabange ukuthi uma 44 ziteshi ziphakathi izinjongo amagugu amasiko, nabo ongacela kwisihloko lamahle kakhulu futhi. Kungaba efiselekayo ugagule inkomba kubakaki yenhloko-dolobha - eningi iziteshi efanayo lapho futhi kwamanye amadolobha Russian kanye namazwe ngisho engumakhelwane.

Ukuphelela ifomu kanye nokuqukethwe

"Esigodlweni Underground", okuyinto ukujabulisa futhi injabulo ngokuphelele wonke umuntu futhi bayokhonza abantu iminyaka, ezakhiwa ikakhulukazi kuya maphakathi no-50s, okungukuthi, kwaze kwaba sekufeni uStalin. Ngokuvamile namanje ukubizwa ngokuthi esiteshini enhle kakhulu "Mayakovskaya" futhi umsebenzi yona Fair Wezwe eNew York ngo-1939, yena yanikezelwa Grand Prix.
imiklomelo International ukhishwa kanye "Kropotkinskaya" (Grand Prix embukisweni e Brussels ngo-1951) futhi "Red Gate" (Grand Prix ngo-1938 e-Paris), futhi ukuthi leyo minyaka, lapho inzondo wezwe amaSoviet off esikalini. Ngakho, ngempela, le misebenzi Uyi ukuphelela ifomu, futhi kube kufanele, wangena izincwadi zezwe ukubukeka kwesakhiwo.

ubuhle elahlekile

"UStalin wathambisa isandla Subway" - okubizwa ngokuthi enhle esiteshini umugqa isiyingi ne bas-imifanekiso, izithombe eziqoshiwe yamatshe kanye nenamba enkulu esigodlweni Chandeliers, igama incwadi, eyanyatheliswa ngo-2011, anikezelwe esitimeleni. Incwadi kuyadingeka, ngoba isikhathi esiningi kangaka ubukhazikhazi yokuqala letintfo kulahleka ngenxa kabusha, ngcono nokulawula uhlelo Stalin ubuntu yokuzinikela, okwaphumela ekubhubhiseni konke wadalwa uthando alinganayo servility.

"I zamakhosi yesigaba sabasebenzi"

Njengoba kucaca ukuthi iningi sicoco ohlwini "muhlekazi ongaphansi komhlaba esiteshini" (eMoscow) ayilokothi neze ikuthathe "kuyi-Komsomolskaya" - indandatho - ukuthi ukhulume ngakho kukhona kwasekuqaleni. Kubukeka ngempela esigodlweni, futhi indlela kuphela ngenxa yaleli akwaziwa: ". Ethempelini zokugcina Shchusev" nangokuthi "Apotheosis yombuso kukaStalin", futhi
Kusukela umusho wokugcina kuyacaca ukuthi ekuqaleni kwazo iqembu abaklami, amaphrojekthi, wema A. V Schusev - umbhali wencwadi Kazan isakhiwo sesitimela eThembalihle, Mausoleum kukaLenin kanye nezakhiwo eziningi ezidumile. Kuvulwe ngo-1952, itholakala phakathi iziteshi "eKursk" futhi "Prospect Mira". A ongaphansi komhlaba esiteshini "kuyi-Komsomolskaya" kuya wavula ngo-1935 Sokolniki umugqa. Yena idume ngokuba isitimela sokuqala efika lapha, kanye neqiniso lokuthi kukhona ezimbili esiyingqayizivele majolica panel wenza ngokuvumelana imidwebo Lansere. Ngo-1952 kwakuhlangene ukudluliselwa "kuyi-Komsomolskaya" -ring. Lesi sakamuva lihlotshiswe 8 panel fabulous zixhunywe eyodwa Ingqikithi - umongo ukuhlula okukhulu komoya Russian nezikhali. Kudaliwe kusukela amatshe ayigugu kanye glazes ku imidwebo ngu P. D. Korina.

Babonakala umphakathi wezwe

Ngakho, siyaqhubeka ukukhumbula iziteshi amahle kunayo eMoscow Metro. Uhlu ungaqhubeka, "Mayakovskaya", evulekile-September 11, 1938. Itholakala phakathi izitobhi "Belarus '(elise kuya enyakatho) kanye" Tverskaya "(eningizimu) elayinini Zamoskvoretskaya. Itholakala ngaphansi maphakathi nenhloko-dolobha, ku Tver esifundeni. Umbhali zalesi sihlahla iphrojekthi yaqanjwa V. Mayakovskogo - ilungu Academy of Architecture zase-USSR, kathathu owawina lo Stalin Prize u-Aleksey Nikolaevich Dushkin. Yena - nombhali amaphrojekthi insiza komhlaba njengoba "Revolution Square", "Novoslobodskaya" (iphrojekthi kwempi), "Avtozavodskaya" futhi "Kropotkinskaya".

Isiteshi iphayona

thumbnail kumbhali yamatshe esiteshini "Mayakovskaya" kwakungekho kancane odumile umculi Soviet Alexander Deineka. "Mayakovskaya" kujulile-level esiteshini (34 amamitha) kwezwe yokuqala yohlobo ikholomu. Yena trehsvodnaya.
Kusho ukuthini? Futhi iqiniso lokuthi esitimeleni esiteshini enhle kakhulu (eMoscow inama ukubukeka izinto eziningi ezihlaba umxhwele, emagugu olumnandi yezakhiwo zalolu hlobo, kodwa lena - ekhethekile ngempela) siqukethe amakamelo amathathu - ephakathi ezimbili ezisemaceleni. Njalo amakamelo amabili seduze i ring evulekile abami vaults zabo ancike amakholomu zabo ezivamile. Yingakho igama lalowo umklamo - amakoloni trehsvodchataya. Arcade longitudinal lunikezwe into obubabazekayo.

Isici eyingqayizivele umhlobiso

35 yamatshe wayo Hlobisa enhle ahlelwe ku domes, okuyinto zitholakala ophahleni lwehholo emaphakathi, phakathi nemengamo. Nokho, ukubona kubo, kubalulekile ukuba ngokucophelela uphakamise ikhanda. Lokhu kusho ukusebenzisa iZwi nemibi esiteshini ngokuthi "Mayakovskaya". Kungase kube wanezela ukuthi iphrojekthi wayedabuka igama stop kwakuhlukile - "Triumph Square", bayibeke Kusolwa e Italian Renaissance isitayela. Kodwa "UJesu ungena Square", ukwakhiwa kwalesi sikhungo Kwakuhlelwe ngaphansi kwazo, uqambe kabusha "Mayakovsky Square", esiteshini wathola igama elifanayo.

Ukhulume kaningi kunabanye

Yini into uvame esisogwini Umugqa wokuqala uhlu "muhlekazi ongaphansi komhlaba esiteshini eMoscow?" "Kiev"! Vula kwaba Mashi 14, 1954. Ekuqaleni kwalo uJesu wazalwa enhle kunazo. ngaleyo ndlela N. S. Hruschevu, kakade amandla, wafuna abhebhezela republic lwabo lwendabuko. It wamemezela umncintiswano, futhi amaphrojekthi 73 abakhethiwe ukusebenza abalobi Ukraine.
Indawo is siyigubhe weminyaka engu 300th we kokuhlanganiswa Ukraine neRussia. Isiteshi Uvale umugqa mbuthano. Naye ngokufanayo, izisekelo ezijulile, kodwa pylon (isakhiwo asekelayo kukhona pylons). 18 panel of glazes ukuhlobisa Kulokhu yobuciko yezakhiwo.

Amahle original

Qhubeka uhlu "enhle kakhulu eMoscow metro station," futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ukuhola ke ngakwesokudla can "Revolution Square" - ayeke, esisogwini Arbat - Pokrovskaya umugqa, wavula ngo-1938, 13 Mashi. Macala mabili nge "eKursk" futhi "Arbat" yakhe. It ihlukile kwezinye contender for umugqa wokuqala ukuthi amazinga e ngisho noma lokho odumile kungasho neze yamatshe kanye eziqoshiwe. 76 izibalo zethusi kukhona nemengamo 18 phezu amavesi endaweni yesikhulumi kokwehla. Arches kusekelwa pylons (asekelayo amakholomu) kwehholo esiteshini. Zonke izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu ukumela izakhamuzi zase-USSR e ezahlukene izinkathi lasungulwa (kusukela ngo-October 1917 kuze kube usuku lokusungulwa yabo ngo-1937) futhi benziwa workshop ye-Leningrad iqembu Okugweda eholwa Matvey Manizer. Uma lokhu akulona enhle kakhulu ongaphansi komhlaba esiteshini e Moscow, khona-ke ngokuqinisekile original kakhulu futhi emnandi.

ezungezwe izinkolelo-ze

Yena isithandwa Muscovites. Kunezinkolelo eziningi ezihambisana ne izibalo ngethusi. Uma bazigcobe endaweni ethile, "ukunqanda abantu bangathathi" injabulo - ngakho ukubaza eziningi ube elikhanyayo, thinta ophucuziwe angaphezu kwelilodwa isizukulwane abahlali izindawo yenhloko-dolobha. Ngokwesibonelo, abafundi ukukuthinta wabathengi ekhaleni, waqala bagcobe cishe kusukela kusungulwe. Zonke izinja ezine, futhi Lobe ngalinye iphucuziwe ukuze kukhanye. Kukhona izithombe amaqhude - bona wagcoba nokungeza e iholo.
Kafushane, ngokuba Muscovites ungumnikazi esiteshini, futhi kakhulu othanda wakhe. Isibalo lethusi phakathi nempi bathunyelwa kuphunywe e Kazakhstan. Umklamo "Revolution Square" kuyinto trehsvodchatoy pylon, isisekelo ezijulile. Kuyinto kwathatha esiteshini "Theatre", futhi indawo yokwamukela evamile.

Umsebenzi wokugcina master akukhuthazwa

I last umsebenzi A. N. Dushkina - esiteshini "Novoslobodskaya", wavula ngo 1952 - cishe njalo kufakwe uhlu emihlanu ngokuthi "The enhle kakhulu eMoscow iziteshi kamasipala". Photo, kukhonjisiwe ngezansi, kuqinisekisa ngokugcwele ilungelo layo endaweni kulolu hlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wokubawa abantu bayisekele layo eliyingqayizivele, elise emgwaqweni ofanayo, ufana zethempeli lasendulo, a kuvulandi phambi olungaphambili lwesonto esesikhundleni 6 evulekile (nge anemifantu mpo) amakholomu. Ayikho ngaphansi ngokubabazekayo futhi amahle avant esizihambelayo amahholo. Umklamo kulesi siteshi - pylons isisekelo ezijulile. "Chip" kwalo noma bhá isici design kuthiwa eyinkimbinkimbi esikhanyayo vitrage 32. Basuke ekhiqizwa kusuka ingilazi abaculi Latvian, waphonsa namabala ingilazi amasonto. Chandeliers Original futhi ilenga. Mina kufanele engeza ukuthi ngamunye iziteshi YaseMoscow Metro, ikakhulukazi labo izinjongo amagugu amasiko, wokufinyelela ebanzi uye ezinemininingwane, nge izibalo ubunjiniyela, ulwazi.

Enye "Ubuhle Russian"

Enhloko-dolobha yase-izitshalo eziningi ezimangalisayo kangaka ukuthi igqamile futhi izinto eMoscow, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo izinto isikhathi yokugogobala izivakashi. Ngakho, mayelana nokuthi zinengi, esiteshini enhle kakhulu umasipala eMoscow - "Arbat", wavula ngo-1953. It kungokwalabo ngobukhulu wedolobha impambano engeyokuqala. Yakhiwa iphrojekthi ekhethekile: cross-ingxenye pylon, ezijulile-level esiteshini has ukuma okweqanda, isitayela umhlobiso ingaphakathi kungokwalabo baraque eMoscow. "Arbatskaja" - lide kakhulu, yesibili ngemva "Sparrow Hills", futhi akanawo umbono avaliwe. Ngenxa ukukhethwa imibala, kubukeka samaholide kakhulu.

Ezikhumbuzo yesiteleka kakhulu Stalin inkathi

Isihloko "enhle kakhulu ongaphansi komhlaba esiteshini eMoscow" ungase ufanelekele ngokuthi "Belarus" futhi "Novokuznetskaya", "Taganskaya" futhi "Theatre", "Kropotkin" futhi "Prospect Mira", "Smolensk" kanye nabanye. Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, noma yiziphi 44 neyaziwayo amagugu amasiko, kungenziwa kufakwe emihlanu phezulu noma eziyisikhombisa usuthule best of the Moscow Metro. Futhi kuthiwani izindawo eyakhelwe ngemva kokufa kukaStalin? Inkathi "izigodlo yesigaba sabasebenzi" ayeka nokushona umholi ...

izinto ezintsha

The enhle kakhulu iziteshi kaMasipala, eyakhiwa ngekhulu xxi - "Slavic Boulevard". It lavulwa ngo-2008. Ngokuqinisekile emhlabeni umthwalo yesibili (yesibili kuphela Tokyo) ongaphansi komhlaba, mhlawumbe, hhayi ubuhle. Kodwa-ke manje kwakhiwa emhlabeni ubuhle esiteshini okungavamile, isibonelo e-Dubai.
Siyethemba YaseMoscow Metro, okuyinto muva yayigubha iminyaka engu 80th futhi manje ibhekene boom ukwakhiwa, "ngeke zithole" yesimanje, ukhululekile, ukuhlangana zonke izidingo zanamuhla, kodwa ngaleso iziteshi enhle ngesikhathi esisodwa.