Izinguquko Abakhethiwe Rada Ivana Groznogo

Ekupheleni kuka-1540s lapho umbusi osemusha u-Ivan IV wakha isiyingi lezinombolo, ayivusa omethembayo ibhizinisi isimo. Kamuva, uhulumeni omusha Andrei Kurbsky ngokuthi "Kukhethwe Rada". Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke ilungu lawo Adashev Alexei Fedorovich, umambuli Sylvester Viskovatov Ivan Mikhailovich - inhloko yalawa Ambassadors umyalelo, kanye nezinye izikhulu ezimbalwa zasebukhosini.

Izinguquko abakhethiwe ujabule

Izinyathelo sokuqala kabusha babehlangene nabakhulu umbusi. Ngo 1549 ke lenzeka ngoFebhuwari umhlangano, okuyinto baba ngabokuqala Zemsky Sobor. I zindlela eziyinhloko zezombusazwe abakhethiwe uyajabula yinye isimo Russian imodeli Western impucuko. Inguquko liyadingeka iphakheji kabusha. Izinguquko oyikhethile ujabule antiboyarskuyu orientation. It wencike abanikazi bamazwe, izikhulu, abantu bakuleli dolobha, futhi, ngakho-ke, wazwakalisa izithakazelo zabo kuphela.

Kukhethwe thokozani kwenzeka izinguquko ezenzeka esikhathini 1549-1560 GG., Kwasetshenziswa kwammangaza kuyo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi. Izinguquko kwathinta zokuphatha, sesonto, zomthetho, izimali, intela kanye nezinye izinhlelo.

Chosen kabusha mayikwenzele okuhle izinhlelo zokuphatha kanye nezomthetho

Ngu isinqumo we "Cathedral wekubuyisana" e 1549 ukulungiselela isethi entsha kwemithetho. Ilungisiwe Yomthetho yasungulwa ngo-1550. Ubudlelwano obuphakathi izinduna kanye abalimi akukashintshi, sizobuyisa imithetho efanayo nemithetho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuyaphi amandla kormlenschikov ensimini, asheshisa inqubo yokwenza kumiswa oda. Ama-oda - lawa uhulumeni lokuqala ukusebenza, ophethe izindawo ngazinye nezindaba zomphakathi (ngenye bebizelwa emakamelweni, izinkantolo, njll). I ovelele kakhulu babe izicelo, Strelets Amanxusa nezinye oda.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke bafeza yinye zohulumeni basekhaya. Namestnichi ukuphathwa kwathathelwa indawo ekuphathweni ukhetho. Lezi nezinye izinto ezisunguliwe eziphathelene waqinisa isikhundla yezikhulu emphakathini, kuhlangene izikhulu yesifundazwe ekilasini inkonzo yalo muzi.

kabusha ibutho

Phakathi nawo-50s kwekhulu XVI wenza "Ikhodi Yesevisi". ngohlelo yesevisi ifakiwe. Zonke abanikazi bamazwe, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu Holdings zabo, sakhula ngo-abantu servicemen. Uhulumeni Alexei Adasheva ihlelwe strelets ibutho bakha lamabutho ka abacibisheli ukuvikela inkosi. Ngokusho imiphumela yezinguquko lempi amashumi ezinkulungwane amasosha uvele izingalo, imishini kanye nokudla.

kwenziwe izinguquko ezithile esontweni abakhethiwe ujabule

Ngo 1551 wayemuhle Stoglav, esanyatheliswa a amakhanda engamakhulu izihloko on the izimpendulo Ivana Groznogo isakhiwo yesonto. Stoglav ukuqinisa isiyalo jikelele yesonto, ukuphila ezilawulwayo. Inkosi yayifuna lithathe emazweni esontweni, kodwa bakhethwe Rada lezi izinhloso ungazange sivunyiwe. ISonto kakhulu wazama ukuqinisa kwegunya layo, yokwehla kwamathuba emehlweni abantu.

Chosen kabusha mayikwenzele okuhle uhlelo lwezimali

Ayikho kabusha zokuphatha ayikwazanga eyenziwa ngaphandle ukulungiswa kohlelo intela. Ngo-1550, inani lonke sonke isibalo sabantu. intela Homestead salandelwa eZweni. Endaweni emaphakathi ukwethula iyunithi intela ngokuthi "igeja enkulu", ukubaluleka kwalo ezihlukahlukene kuye isikhundla ngaphambi kwabanikazi bamazwe. Ukukhokha intela labantu isiba eyodwa ngaphezulu. "Iholo Kormlenchesky" kwathathelwa indawo kazwelonke "isihe kormlenchesky."

Ngokuvamile, izinguquko abakhethiwe olujabulisayo lapho Ivan le Kubi kwakufanele okuxubile. Kwakumelwe ukusilela. Izinguquko waqinisa ngamandla yezikhulu futhi ngcono isimo. ukuqaliswa yabo iye kuphazamisekile ngenxa ezijwayelekile njengokusula emsebenzini ka Rada akhethwe 1560