Ipaki "UZandile", Uman. umlando epaki

Ipaki "UZandile" (Uman) - iyindawo yaziwe abantu abaningi. Njalo ngonyaka izivakashi zithuthelekela lapha hhayi kuphela e-Ukraine, kodwa futhi kusukela angomakhelwane ngisho phesheya. Yini edonsela bonke laba bantu? Kuyinto abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi yezwe kukhona ekhoneni okufanele ukunakwa okunjalo? It kuvela, yebo.

Ngokuvamile kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ngandlela-thile Uman - Ukraine in yesikhumbuzo. Kungani? Lonke Iphuzu liwukuthi kudingeka kuphela ukuthola yena kule ndawo, futhi uzobona imvelo ahlukahlukene kanjani yalesi sifunda: lapha, kubonakala sengathi noma yini - izintaba nemifula kufihlwe emihumeni komhlaba kanye esobala enokukhanya kwelanga libalele, izihlahla eliyingqayizivele futhi embozwe utshani aluhlaza izimfunda. Futhi e-Ukraine uhlobo bukhoma, abantu baphane futhi kakhulu izihambi, ukulungele ukondla isihambi, ukukhombisa indlela futhi unikeze lonke ulwazi travel kunesidingo.

Le ndatshana ihlose ukukutshela yonke imininingwane mayelana nale ndawo emangalisa emhlabeni, njengoba epaki "UZandile" (Uman). Umfundi akafundi mayelana iphi kule ndawo, kodwa futhi simazi kangcono umlando ivela khona. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, amathiphu kanye neseluleko ezibalulekile uzonikezwa kulokho ukuvakashela endaweni yokuqala.

Pearl Cherkassy esifundeni

Uman "Sofievka", ipaki eyingqayizivele e-Ukraine - la mazwi, mhlawumbe, babé lahlotshaniswa zabahamba abaningi abashisekayo. Futhi lokhu Yebo, akukhona ngephutha. Ake sizame ukubhekana nale nkinga ngokuningiliziwe.

Okokuqala kuyafaneleka ukuthi Uman - idolobha elincane isenkabeni ye-Ukraine, Cherkassy esifundeni, cishe equidistant kusukela emadolobheni amabili amakhulu kanye ngamasiko yezwe - Kiev nase-Odessa.

Ngokuvamile, akukho abalulekile kakhulu ukubaluleka noma yezakhiwo esiyingqayizivele zomlando. Noma kunjalo, le ndawo bavakashela ngonyaka yizivakashi ngaphezulu kwengxenye yesigidi kusuka emhlabeni wonke. Siyini isizathu ngoba edingeka kangaka? Zonke sibonga yokuthi kukhona esinye sezimangaliso Ukraine - Arboretum "Sofiyivka", okuyinto iyingqayizivele landscape art yeqiniso.

Le ngxenye yedolobha kusuka ngemaminithi ekucala kakhulu kuyabamangaza ne landscape yayo enhle, echibini enhle, inganekwane grottos kanye eziqoshiwe kumnandi. By the way, akubona bonke bayaqaphela ukuthi kwepaki itholakala ngaphakathi edolobheni othobekile okuthiwa Uman (Ukraine), kungase kube phakathi izingxenye emangalisa kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

"Sofiyivka" futhi ingenye yezindawo romantic kakhulu zaleli zwe. Futhi lokhu akumangalisi, ngoba lokhu lesikhumbuzo landscape art empeleni wadala hhayi kuphela egameni uthando, kodwa uphawu kule minyaka engu-200 edlule.

"Sofiyivka" izikhathi Potocki

Uman, Ukraine kumephu ukuthola nje ngokwanele. Le ndawo nje empambana kuyo imizila yohwebo ebalulekile, futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi bekulokhu, kusukela kakhulu kwasungulwa lo dilobho. Ukuba lokhu kwaziswa, akekho kukumangaze ukwazi ukuthi lokhu ihabhu ezokuthutha wakhethwa kamuva ukuze kwakhiwe omunye zokuhlala Ukubala S. Potocki, eyaziwa ngesikhathi umthengisi futhi zomninindawo.

Magnate eyasungulwa kwepaki endaweni impahla yawo emuva 1796, Nokho ukuvulwa walo omkhulu senzeka ngoMeyi 1800 imisebenzi yayenziwa selihlehliswe izikhathi eziningana ngenxa izikhukhula esindayo iminyaka emine.

kakhulu Ukuphela ukwakhiwa kuthiwa walotshwa usuku igama umkakhe ayemthanda Ukubala - Sofia Glyavone-Witt-Potocki. Eqinisweni, ngemva kwepaki wakhe ke lethiwa.

Ekuqaleni, indima umakhi induna wobuciko ikusasa landscape epaki ngokuthi "UZandile" (Uman) wamenywa Ludwig Metsel, isikhulu wezikhali, umshana ka-Potocki. Akwaziwa kanye izindleko isamba wokuhleleka kwayo, ngaleso sikhathi zaba ruble 2 million. esiliva.

Ngokuhambisana nohlelo entry ngowokuqala epaki ohlangothini abamba ukushisa, futhi indlela yokwakheka eziyinkimbinkimbi senzeka eduze embhedeni emfuleni. Kamenka. Ngokusho iphrojekthi Metzel kwadaleka uhlelo amanzi ipaki emadanyini oxhumene, izimpophoma, namasango nemifula, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu grottos Venus, Nut, sesabe futhi singabaze, nedwala Tarpeian Lefkadiaki.

Ngemva kokufa S. Potocki "Sofiyivka" uzalwe indodana yakhe endala ukuba ibuye emshadweni wayo ukuze Yuzefinoy Mnishek - okungukuthi, Jerzy (Yuri) Szczęsny. Kodwa indlalifa yanika ubunikazi edolobheni Uman park nosingamama wakhe uSophia, okuyinto kuthiwa baye baba eside kuthandana. Kodwa wakwenza akuyona free, futhi exchange sokukhokhwa kwesikweletu yayo - eziyizigidi ezingu-30 zlotys.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ngenxa isidingo akhokhe izikweleti zanqwabelana endodaneni nomyeni (izigidi ezingu-7.5 PLN), Sofia waphoqeleka e 1808 ukunikela ukudayiswa Uman uhulumeni tsarist Russian. Waze uqobo ziqondiswe isiphakamiso esinjalo Alexander I. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi deal neze zenzeka.

Kuze 1813 epaki "UZandile" (Uman) sesimweni esihle, lokhu sokunconywa eside L. Metzel. Nokho, ngemva yokugcina babehambile ukusebenza e Warsaw, "Sofiyivka" uyekile ukuthola ukunakekelwa efanele futhi kancane kancane yawela kwamazinyo.

Kodwa kubonakala sengathi labo, endaweni wayesalokhu wabeka ngaphansi lucky inkanyezi. Ngo 1815, eParis, eshicilelwe inkondlo Zofiówka, eyabhalwa umlobi wasePoland Stanislaw NguStanisław Trembecki. It wayengadlali oletha kwepaki pan-European udumo nenkazimulo.

Ngemva kokugula isikhathi eside Novemba 22, 1822 umnikazi we kwepaki uSophia, washona ngo-Berlin, ngakho ifa lidlule indodana yakhe u-Alexander. Libuyela "Sofievka" ubuhle wangaphambili sigcwalisa imisebenzi yayo emangalisa entsha ngisho ucela A. Andrzeevski ahlanganise incazelo eningiliziwe flora epaki.

Nokho, ngenxa izinsolo Aleksandra Pototskogo ngokuqondene lezi zihlubuki Polish, nakuba waphika leli qiniso ukuxhumana kwakhe siqu, izwe lakhe ngemva Okthoba 21, 1831 abangu sequestered ngumbuso Russian.

"Sofiyivka" njengoba Garden le Tsarina sika

Naphezu kwakho konke, epaki esingaphezu konyaka kwaba ekuphathweni Aleksandra Pototskogo, bese wadluliselwa Kiev Exchequer wokuqala, futhi ngemva - njengendlela Alexandra isipho esivela inkosikazi enothando Bazo Zonke-Russian uMbusi uNicholas I. Ukweseka lokhu ngawo-1850 eCaucasus amagquma esikhundleni esisekelweni ukukhwezwa statue Tadeusha Kostyushko indlovukazi.

Ngenxa laying 1838 st. Garden, bese retrofitting ke ukuya emgwaqweni omkhulu, epaki kuba kufinyeleleke kakhulu emphakathini futhi ucala kutfutfukisa ngenkuthalo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ezakhiwe elinamakhosomba, umthombo wabaphakamisa, Ilungiselelo eliyinhloko, futhi eduze nomnyango main wakha imibhoshongo ezimbili ngesitayela Gothic, yamisa inkundla ku obakhathalelayo. Anti-Circe futhi Gazebo Flora.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, ngemiyalo yezikhulu Nicholas mina, le nkundla e isitayela Gothic eyincithakalo futhi empeleni endaweni yayo kukhona isakhiwo isitayela Renaissance elaklanywa AI Shtakenshnejdera. Umbhoshongo yokungena Kusenziwa kabusha, kulokhu ziyadalwa ngesitayela Antique. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Apollo ugcwele sivale indlela engena emgedeni futhi kukhona setha Obelisk ne ezintathu esinamakhanda ukhozi kanye ngobugebengu umthombo langa ngokuthi "Inyoka".

Park njengoba isikole esikhulu horticultural

Ngomyalo woMbusi u-Alexander II ngo-1859 edolobhaneni laseScotland okuthiwa Uman, "UZandile" ipaki ukuvakasha muva lapho liye lavuselelwa omkhulu, uqambe kabusha "Umansky Garden Jikelele Ingadi School." Kulesi incarnation, anakho iminyaka eminingana.

Ngo-1870, njengoba engamashumi amabili edlule, epaki futhi ubona isikhukhula - edamini kwaluqeda Red Pond, futhi ukugeleza kwamanzi omkhulu sidlula ngumgogodla kwepaki. Ukubhujiswa Yiqiniso, kwakunamandla kangakanani, kodwa inhlekelele Imininingwane, ngenhlanhla, lakwazi ukugwema.

Ngokusho iphrojekthi Vasiliya Pashkevicha, lapha indawo 2 ha wadala Arboretum esiyingqayizivele, kodwa umsebenzi main namanje inqophe ukunina pearl Uman injalo yasekuqaleni.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngo-1897 endaweni kwaba 152 amahektha, futhi inani zezinhlobo zezitshalo ifinyelele ayizinkulungwane 382.

A esiqiwini owaziwa

Isinqumo Yabantu Commissars Ukraine SSR ngoMeyi 18, 1929 I-igama edolobheni egameni Uman. "UZandile" Park, omlando wakhe kuyajabulisa ngempela futhi okungavamile, ngazisa isimo balondoloze futhi ukuqaphela inhlangano ezimele. Nakuba ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingxenye yalo namanje uhlala subordinated kuya kokuLima University.

Ngo-1945, ngemva nje kwempi, ke iqanjwe kabusha futhi, kulokhu Uman State Park "Sofiyivka". Futhi ngo-1946, sekuvele imali ezobhekela eside okuhloswe ngaso sokubuyiselwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ke ubuyisela eziningi izakhi lathumela, eziqoshiwe kanye ezizungezile. On endaweni amahektheli 20, abamba ukushisa endaweni ekhethekile yakhelwe ukufuya nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezilwane nezimila nokunonophala "Sofiyivka".

Ukrainian Academy of Sciences "Sofievka"

Ngo-1955 "Sofiyivka" iyingxenye Central Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine SSR. Khona-ke, ukwandisa endaweni kwepaki kungenxa umhlaba Umansky Gorkommunkhoz, Agricultural Institute kanye Abezempi. Ungayeki umsebenzi ngcono kwepaki: ngaphansi ukuvuselela Pink inkundla, uthango indawo isango layo elikhulu.

Ngo-1956, zonke izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu epaki sithathelwe indawo amakhophi kanye okwangempela ithunyelwa onalo. Ilungiselelo eliyinhloko kulekelelwa nge umthombo ukusakaza esiliva.

April 4, 1980 "UZandile" Park (Uman) fumana mudflow. iminonjana yayo usengakwazi esabonwa emamaki ezihlahleni (ezingeni ukuphakama 3 m).

Arboretum Modern "Sofiyivka"

Ngemva kwenhlekelele ye-e izinyanga 4 zakhishwa umonakalo 50 epaki amasayithi. Ngalesi sikhathi futhi aphethwe inhlangano ingxenye zokuphatha kanye nezomnotho epaki, uyalulama izinto ngaphambili elahlekile: cishe kabusha phezu okusalungiswa yokuqala Gazebo ukhunta. Aherusiyskoe.

Januwari 23, 1991 "UZandile" ipaki uthola isimo yisikhungo esizimele njengengxenye National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

Phakathi belungiselela ukugujwa bicentenary Arboretum owawudinga umsebenzi owenziwa umakhi Yuri Kalashnikov. Isibonelo, sidalwe predparkovy Ensemble abuyiselwe amachibi, abuyiselwe izakhi ezinye yezakhiwo ezifana ebaziwe yokhozi futhi sivale indlela engena emgedeni ka-Apollo.

Esanda kutholakala, Februwari 28, 2004, lesi sakhiwo wathola igama layo esemthethweni, futhi manje esibizwa ngokuthi Arboretum kaZwelonke "Sofiyivka".

Yini ukubona epaki kwasekuqaleni?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, Uman kumephu Ukraine kungabonwa bha. Ngakho, njengoba ayefike kuleli zwe, ngisho isikhathi esifushane, asikwazi zisebenza okungenani amahora angu ezimbalwa Kulokhu ngokuphelele landscape art.

On lokho ukuba banake ongowokuqala kuyo yonke? Ngokusho ngempendulo lezihambi eziningi, "Sofievka" Kufanele siqale sibone izinto ezithakazelisayo ezifana:

• Snake umthombo;
• Tarpeian Rock;
• Grot Appolona;
• uxhaxha engumKrethe;
• obakhathalelayo. Anti-Circe;
• Imihlangano endaweni;
• Sivale indlela engena emgedeni ka Thetis;
• Gazebo isiShayina;
• Calypso sivale indlela engena emgedeni;
• impophoma elikhulu.