Izborsk inqaba. Izborsk, Pskov esifundeni: nokuzwa, izithombe

Yakhiwa ngamatshe inqaba Izborsk ibona oluvelele yesikhumbuzo Ensemble bokwakha ukuzivikela yeRussia. Ezindongeni zezakhiwo ngokuseduze baqhelile bamela ngoba lapho eneminyaka engu-eziningi kokuvinjezelwa isitha, ungalokothi sizithoba abahlaseli - Livonian Knights.

Eyayisekhona inqaba enkulu ERussia yasendulo, njengalena oma Izborsk, izibukeli amazing kanye ngamandla alo. I wasendulo oyinqaba izindonga kufundwa isinqumo enkulu ukuvikela izwe labo. Yenza umnsalo umlingisi Russian esiyingqayizivele. Gxilisa nenhlonipho ngentando okungenakudanjiswa nomoya owabhalwa Rusich.

Izborsk: umlando kanye nokuzwa

Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke-Russian zokuhlala - emzini Izborsk - ngesikhathi samanje ubhekwa endaweni enkulu asemngceleni entshonalanga ne Pskov. Eduze kwakhona yiwona adumile okhiye Slovenian futhi Gorodischenskoe echibini.

Le ndawo ngekhulu lesishiyagalombili-yeshumi lalihlala esizweni Slavic - krivichi. Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze uthi idolobha ekuqaleni okuthiwa Slovenian (yaqanjwa umsunguli). Lamanje igama isiphetho eyavela kamuva kakhulu. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala engatholakala encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla.

Khona-ke la mazwe ephethwe Varangian Prince Truvor ukuthi beze nomfowabo omncane kuya Rurik edume. Ensimini ka Izborsk lasendulo Truvor walondoloza nqaba. emzaneni sidilizwa elitholakala ngezihlahla futhi lisendaweni encane ezicijile, zisuka emoyeni ziqonde phezu Gorodishchenskaya echibini.

Ngokusho kohlelo amanzi elihlobene ne-dolobha, ezinsukwini wayeneminyaka egandayiwe Umzila wezohwebo edinga isivikelo. Ukuze yayo bendawo ukuphepha eyakhelwe ogwini lomfula Obdeh ezindaweni. Esikhathini X leminyaka Izborsk iqala ukuthatha izikhundla. Isimo yezitolo kancane kancane ukuthuthela Pskov.

Nokho, ukubaluleka lempi namanje omkhulu. esidlule yayo yomlando eduze zithandelana Novgorod futhi Pskov umhlaba. Ekhulwini XIV Twine obukhulu izindonga zomuzi. I inqaba neze zawa ngaphansi ukumelana Knights Livonian.

Kuze kube manje, umuzi wasendulo lalenziwa emzaneni walondoloza Pskov ezikhangayo, izithombe kanye nencazelo aqukethe emithonjeni eminingi. I izivakashi libaluleke abalimalanga kakhulu inqaba, ziya okhiye Slovenian futhi Truvor zokuhlala.

I kwakhiwe le nqaba Izborsk

Kungokwemvelo ukuba ngaso Jeravi Mount wasungula idolobha elisha. Ukuvinjezelwa inqaba Izborsk isikhathi kungahlali zonke izakhamizi. Ukuhlaselwa we Livonian Knights akazange ayeke. Imisebenzi ka- Order Livonian wawufanekisela impi entsha, ukunqoba okusho into eyodwa - kutimela emazweni Russian. Inkinga kokwakhiwa izinqaba enamandla yanikwa oyingozi.

Pskovites futhi izboryane itshe bomdabu ngumuzi onezivikelo eziqinile. I inqaba, ezakhiwe nge-limestone slabs, kwakheka Paleozoic inkathi, kuyinto emehlweni umxhwele. Phela, limestone wendawo Grays amnyama akuzona ukungena nakwamanye amazwe futhi friable, futhi dolomitic futhi ngokweqile obukhulu.

imigqa okusha zokuzivikela njengoba Truvor eliqaphile Fort yakhiwa ngenxa yezizathu indawo - flat eliphakeme. On the enyakatho, naseningizimu nasempumalanga ohlangothini inqaba lasendulo yayingesinye ungenakunqotshwa ngenxa amawa zemvelo emaweni, ezakhiwe amapuleti dolomitic, futhi umhosha omkhulu. Nge ezinde lenhlonhlo silibangise enkangala ukungena emikhawulweni ka-itiyela elengayo Izborsk elisemcengezini, ukunikela imibono umbukwane engezansi.

Ngaphambi ukwakhiwa izinqaba ku ithafa waphawulwa icebo labo. Izindonga zomuzi Ngakhulela emaphethelweni ithafa entabeni engenhla eweni. isisekelo Yemvelo edwaleni enamandla bavunyelwe bayokwakha izindonga emangalisayo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Oluyingungu Ukuqinisa ncamashi okuphindaphindiwe yosizo esekwazi isayithi esiphezulu. inqaba ovinjezelwe, esithinta ubuhle photo, kwaku hhayi kuphela pasad abantu, kodwa labantu emaphandleni aseduze.

Ukuguqula ukuze uqinise

Phakathi nekhulu le-XIV kuluqinisa uyayenza ephoqelela okuthunyelwe eziphambili. Ithafa ongunxantathu emhlabeni azungezwe evikelwe kwezindonga zamatshe omkhulu. Ngo isakhiwo xv ekhulwini kungokoqobo yokulungiswa eningi. Ukuhlelwa kabusha kubangelwa nezibhamu, ebingekho sikhathi, ushintsho ngamaqhinga kokuvinjezelwa nezenzo ukuzivikela.

Okokuqala, thina siguqulwe umbhoshongo, lapho emisha eziphathelene nezempi babekwa. Khona-ke nakakhulu enyakatho. Nokho, lezi ushintsho ungazange benza izinguquko ezinkulu ukubukeka yokuqala izakhiwo.

sondo asicekeleki libukeka inqaba. Izithombe wasethula ngayo kulesi sihloko. Esendaweni lapho itholakala Truvor isiphetho, lamabutho like a rose edwaleni omkhulu, ekubeni yingxenye ebalulekile ukuqhubeka yayo.

IziKronike ukuveza ukubaluleka olukhulu kulesi sakhiwo ukuzivikela. Bachaza isiqephu elikhanyayo. Abefundisi eyenziwe udwendwe eduze "udonga isikhala." Eceleni kwemibhoshongo namasango begubha imithandazo. Ngakho abefundisi ngayingcwelisa edolobheni, inqaba, bebalekela izitha isiqephu sezwe Russian.

incazelo inqaba

Ngokubabazekayo Izborsk inqaba eyakhelwe phezu Jeravi entabeni, uhlaka sifana unxantathu kabani emakhoneni babanjwa. Ungenakunqotshwa ke wenza eweni ezimbili emaweni kanye ngaseziseleni bemba ngokukhethekile. Luhlelo lolukhulu lwa calcareous izindonga isikhathi eside 623 m kanye ukuphakama ukuthi oscillates ku ezahlukene 7-10 m, kanye ukushuba 4 m.

Lokhu izinqaba wadalwa eyisidalwa nokuphelela lokho akudingi ukulungiswa. Kuyinto kuphela ukwenza izinguquko ezincane, ivumela isingeniso nakwezempi emisha technical ukuthi avele eminyakeni eyikhulu ethile. Inqaba, manje oyilungu ezikhangayo Pskov, isithombe kanye nencazelo zazo zitholakala kalula, ithuthukiswe futhi sashintshwa njengoba lasendulo ukukhula edolobheni.

izinqaba

I inqaba ukuwa ekunqobeni Nicholas Dhahab - ayisesemikhulu ubude ephasishi okuyinto ifakwe odongeni eningizimu. Into yokuqala ukuthi livela phambi izivakashi - Nethempeli St Nicholas, isipikili ngumuntu Dome esiliva. Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu bendawo ngokuthi komnikazi "Inqaba Cathedral St Nicholas 'ugcobe" endlini yakhe. " akunika Ngakho Nicholas Church of Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho ke has a lot of ezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekile Izborsk inqaba. Map libonisa ngokucacile indawo ngamunye wabo.

umbhoshongo onion

Kukovka (negama ube anyanisi) - umbhoshongo engaqondakali. Kuyinto izakhiwo umbhoshongo kuphela, esishunyekiwe ibe uqweqwe inqaba udonga. Umbhoshongo iyagcinwa kusukela esikhathini lapho le nqaba Izborsk kwaba eliqaphile lokhuni.

Esikhathini eside kamuva, kuba ngokoqobo "inqaba emboniselweni." indima yalo iwukuba isiphephelo zokugcina, uma isitha nilidle Izinqaba eziyinhloko. Ezansi le onion kudalwa emnyango arched, ukukhuluma kanye njengoba arsenal - lokulondoloza powder.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ethola isabelo sokukhuluma zizulazula into umsebenzi. Top Kukovki ekulesi emphemeni babukwe imidwebo-panoramic endaweni ngokushesha. Onion, kokuba ethole umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo eziningi, ilahlekelwe original ukuma yangaphakathi wadala eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Kodwa i-panorama azizange zishintshe.

Talavskaya umbhoshongo

Talavskaya Tower - ukwakhiwa umumo elingunxande, eseduze Dhahabi eponymous, eyayigqoke ku Creepy ubudala ngokuthi "ephasishi sokufa". Entry kanye ophumayo ndima amasango. Isitha, breaking esangweni elingaphandle, wazithola isicupho ewumngcingo lapho usufikile ukunqotshwa ngenakugwemeka.

kwemibhoshongo Brandy futhi Temnushka

Brandy - izinqaba olunezinhlangothi ezesabekayo. Temnushka ngalé iyafana Brandy. Bobabili kwemibhoshongo ngikhiphile main isitha igalelo asebenzelana entshonalanga. Futhi lapha, njengoba kwakubonakala yesitha, ngohlangothi kufinyeleleke kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuhlasela le nqaba omkhulu.

isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi

Traditional izinqaba, ebhekisela inkathi yokuqala yaleli kokudutshulwa, okwethulwa umbhoshongo insimbi. Lesi sikhungo kwaba ifakwe i insimbi alamu, imemezela ukufika "zitha" - amabutho esitha. hum Spoloshny wukukhanya insimbi ufinyelela Pskov.

umbhoshongo

Futhi-ke, Izborsk inqaba ifakwe umbhoshongo ubude kakhulu. Tower - isikhundla indawo engezansi. smotrilnya kwalo phezulu kanye ebekiwe umqhele kuqoqwa ukhuni futhi siqukethe storeys ezimbili. Cishe uvalwe kusukela embhoshongweni amatshe aliveza cross - ngqondongqondo we amaqhawe eliqaphile futhi ukusabisa isitha.

Dhahab

Akube khona imigudu yezilwane Esincane, amavesi - uNicholas Talavsky - babe izithiyo kakhulu ukuba Ukungena amabutho esitha ngesango yangaphandle egcekeni inqaba. Futhi udlale indima isicupho yingozi. Ukukhiya isitha endaweni encane okwakuvutshelwa ukuthutha, wona aholela ngenakugwemeka ukufa abahlaseli.

ukwakha ithempeli

Kyoto Korsun yesonto eqoshwe ulimi isiSlavonic Esidala, igama ungumdali izakhiwo - the A.I.Vladovkago wezakhiwo-mculi. Futhi endaweni lombhishobhi wokushiswa sokhuni Sergiya Radonezhskogo uSergiyu kabusha ethempelini futhi Nikandra. Manje-ke kwenzeka ukuthi Ensemble entsha avela yenziwa ngaphandle kwase-inqaba.

Izikhangibavakashi Truvor isiphetho

Lesi sivumelwano yasendulo egama layo lingu ngemuva kokuthi uPrince Truvor, ukubusa Izborsk umhlaba. Isakhiwo lokuqala ukuzivikela eyafunyanwa umhosha sizungezwe, ayekile ihambisane nezidingo zempi, iyiswe endaweni rock - Jeravi entabeni. Endaweni eliqaphile zasendulo zagcinwa emathuneni lasendulo.

Truvor emathuneni

Ekupheleni ebumnyameni yamathuna lasendulo imele esiphambanweni omkhulu, yakhiwa ngamatshe. On ubuso bayo elalibhalwe izincwadi ukuthi cishe kusulwe ngaphansi kwethonya isikhathi. Amazing Izborsk inqaba umlando usezuze izinganekwane okungenasisekelo. Ikakhulu, i-cross yakhiwa zinkondlo ezimbili zasendulo abanelungelo khona.

Omunye uthi kuyiqiniso ukuthi ekuqaleni isiphambano - Imfanelo ka eliqaphile lasendulo, settlement yokuqala, elaqala ekumeleleni Russia. Ngokusho kwenye legend, esiphambanweni efakwe ithuna Prince Truvor, isidumbu aluzange lube ukwenze ngenjongo yokungilungiselela ukungcwatshwa kumuntu ukujula okwedlula amamitha amabili.

Kafushane, ukushintsha okukhulu itshe isinyathelo - umgcini izimfihlo le nqaba, ogama izimpande bafakwa endulo. Eceleni lesikhumbuzo kukhona ipuleti ubudala, embozwe uyinqaba imiklamo weJiyomethri. Kukhona kucatshangwa ukuthi ngu "Babiloni" kufihlwe yokungcwaba lempi.

Temple e Fort Truvor

Kutholwe eduze egqumeni emathuneni, phezulu okuyinto ethwele iSonto Nikolaya Chudotvortsa. Ukubona izingange zalo itshe elimhlophe, oluneziqhingi iziphambano abamnyama, esesabekayo, ikakhulukazi kuhlwa obukhulu. Ekuqaleni le ndawo kwaba isonto sokhuni, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi indawo isonto itshe. A izinyathelo ezimbalwa ziphuma kule ndlu engcwele nawo itshe elikhulu - uphawu a kuthula kanye abantu base-Estonia.

Umfula wokuphila

Esigodini egqumeni, endaweni lapho umngcele Truvor isiphetho okuhlanganisiwe ne unyawo Jeravi entabeni kusukela eweni ukwakha limestone obukhulu, has eyinkulungwane okhiye abaningi ngesiSlovenia. Bona uhlangane nomunye, bakha ekusakazeni sonorous, ebizwa ngokuthi "umfula wokuphila".

Crystal amanzi emfudlaneni begijima ngejubane elikhulu ukuze Gorodishchenskaya echibini. Keys amanzi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo chasiselwe amathuba ngokuyisimangaliso ifa ongcwele elinamandla okuphulukisa. Amakhi akhiwa Jets nambili, ezithinta amagama izinyanga.