Aldan River, Yakutia: incazelo, izici nendawo

Ezingxenyeni ezinkulu insimu ka Yakutia, simo njengoba enyakatho eKhabarovsk Territory, ugijima omunye nemingenela elikhulu eMfuleni Yelena - emfuleni Aldan. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi Tunguska igama layo lisho ukuthi "inhlanzi" ngakolunye - kuba izwi Evenk futhi uhumusha ngokuthi "ohlangothini", okungukuthi, inflow lateral.

geography

Umsuka emfuleni kuthatha ohlangothini lwasenyakatho iba yokhalo. Kuyinto eduze komngcele Yakutia nesifunda Amur. Ogelezayo ngokusebenzisa Aldan ithafa e isiteshi ewumngcingo enamadwala, yakha inani elikhulu Sills kanye imibundu. Kusukela iphuzu lapho nemingenela egeleza Aldan Timpton futhi Uchur, umfula iphula esigodini, bese ugelezela kanye ethafeni intermountain. Sifinyelela engezansi eMfuleni Aldan Ihlukana amagatsha amaningana, ukwakha iziteshi eside futhi iziqhingi eziningi. Ngaphakathi kwendawo okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi has inqwaba amachibi (ezingaphezu kuka 50,000), enkulu kunazo zonke lapho kuthathwa njengesibikezelo esiyiso Toko okukhulu.

Lokho njengengxenye yensimu yezwe lethu, lapho umfula Aldan, has a izimo kunalokho ezinzima zezulu. Ngo-October amachibi embozwe iqhwa. Iyathinteka futhi Aldan - ice emfuleni igcinwa izinyanga ezingu-okungenani ayisikhombisa, ube yiqhwa-up iqala ngo-May.

Ubude obuphelele yonke emfuleni 2273 amakhilomitha. Ngu ngevolumu emifula ingenye emifuleni emikhulu kakhulu eRussia. Ngoba River Yelena cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu. Area Aldan River imayelana ayizinkulungwane 730 amakhilomitha square.

Hydrology

isikhathi uzamcolo Uthatha May kuya ku-July. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lamanzi linyuka-10 metres, ukusetshenziswa kwalo isesikhathini ayizinkulungwane 48 cubic metres. m / s. Izikhukhula namanje zenzeka esikhathini kusuka August no-September. Winter ukusetshenziswa incane - akukho kuka 4% ngonyaka. Lo mfula ikakhulu imvula neqhwa. Ukwakheka amakhemikhali Bicarbonate amanzi-calcium, khona therein we oncibilikile akuyona ezingaphezu kuka 0.3 g / l.

Nemingenela lomfula Aldan

Ngaphesheya komfula kukhona ubude 275 nemingenela ezinkulu kanye nezincane, ogama ubude Imininingwane ingamakhilomitha angu-10. Elikhulu kunawo wonke kuyinto Uchur, alo amanzi ukugeleza ngesikhathi umlomo 1350 cubic metres. m / s. Kuyinto owumthelela kwesokudla km Aldan 812 ubude. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi Evenk Uchur kusho "esivunguvungwini", "umbokwane". Cishe yonke indlela yayo emfuleni cishe isibambo izintaba, ngakho-ke kuba isiteshi tortuous kakhulu.

ngomfula owumthelela Aldan River nakangaka njengoba kungabantu abangaphezulu kuka-170 metres square - Meyi is njengoba omunye emfuleni omkhulu e Yakutia ezaziwayo. m. Ngokusho ubude labelwe phakathi kwazo zonke Amga, okuyisona cishe parallel sifinyelela engenhla Aldan ku. phansi kwalo ugcwele amatshe, futhi izingxenye eliphezulu ungabona izimpophoma amahle zigodi zamatshe, okuyinto ekhangayo izivakashi kanye nalabo ukujabulela imisebenzi yangaphandle.

Phakathi kweminye nemingenela, okuyinto zidla emfuleni Aldan waziwa kakhulu Timpton, tori okuqinile, tumar, Bario, Tompo.

Flora

Lo mgodi ungaphakathi ehlathini. Ikhava Inhlabathi kuyahlukahluka. it has umehluko omkhulu ezinhlangothini sokunene nesobunxele wechibi. Ngakho, ohlangothini lokunene phezu nasemithambekeni kwemithombo yamanzi ubuswa yezimayini futhi Goltseva futhi eyiqhwa podzolic inhlabathi phezu yokhalo. On masimu ngenhla kwimfunda kwandile kakhulu eyiqhwa ehlathini nenhlabathi.

Kulezo zindawo, izinto lapho umfula ugeleza khona Aldan, ikhava izimila anezinye umehluko uma iqhathaniswa naso sonke we Central yakut plain. Kunalokho, edlelweni, asemaqeleni futhi i-marsh namathafa, ubuswa amahlathi coniferous kanye lezihlahla. Zemithi - uphayini, ngesihlahla sonwele birch, larch nemisedari izithunywa. Ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi obusa kuphela engxenyeni eseningizimu umcengezi. amahlathi Pine bahlale ezindaweni ezincane ku ezitshekile eziqongweni lamagquma. Futhi izitshalo eziningi ezingavamile futhi ezisengcupheni khulani Aldan soMfula.

Ngo-August - September, abendawo ukuqoqa ezinhle sokuvuna amakhowe endaweni. Basuke ubuswa amakhowe, russula, e-aspen.

nezilwane

Amphibians ivezwa frog ikakhulu eSiberia futhi isibankwa. Of izinyoni ukuphila kulezi izingxenye dipper, abamnyama crane, abamnyama Mallard. Kanye sonwele grouse ivuba, jay, oluhlaza-grey thrush - inyoni cishe ayitholakalanga kwezinye izifunda of Yakutia.

Esikhathini umcengezi eningizimu uhlala zasendle reindeer, must izinyamazane, izimvukuzane, pika. I Elfin umsedari inombolo ephezulu amabhere ansundu kakhulu, njalo lapho umfula uthatha izindawo ezisezintabeni ukuthi, hhayi kwi freezer ebusika, kukhona Otter evame kakhulu.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ezihlukahlukene enkulu izinhlanzi idume emfuleni yayo Aldan. Yakutia ngaphandle isizathu siwukuthi onqenqemeni adumile Anglers. Lo mfula ocebile kakhulu izinhlanzi - perch, trout, Grayling, roach laseSiberia, Pike, Sturgeon.

ukusetshenziswa esisebenzayo

Ensimini ka umcengezi zikhona izimali ezifakwa enkulu amaminerali ezifana amalahle, igolide, mica. Aldan - lo mfula ezibaluleke kakhulu, esinikela ukuthekelisa kwemikhiqizo izinkampani zezimayini, kanye nokungeniswa kwezimpahla ezihlukahlukene abahlala ezindaweni namabhizinisi ngomfula. The main pier - ke Khandyga emizaneni, Ust-Maya, nomuzi Eldikan Tommot. km Over 1600 imikhumbi Aldan.

Uma la mazwe matasa Dalstroi emakamu okufukuzwa kuwo. Namuhla, omningi sezinhlanzi ezihehayo yemvelo, okuyinto idume emfuleni Aldan, sidonse amehlo izivakashi nabadobi. Edge udonsa emangalisayo ubuhle bayo unspoilt kanye nobuhle. Lakes futhi kwemihosha, ukusakaza ewa amawa, ogwini olunamadwala umfula omkhulu kukhona ukubukeka othakazelisayo.

indaba

Kwatholakala ukuthi abantu isethi unyawo lokuqala phezu kwalelizwe Simakade mayelana 40 yeminyaka BC. Abantu bokuqala abake baphila lapha abazingela zinyathi, mammoth, abahlala ngesikhathi umcengezi emfuleni. Base wanyamalala ngezizathu ezingaziwa, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-30,000 kulezi zingxenye kwafika nomunye labantu oye ezingelwa reindeer futhi i-moose. Okwamanje, i-lomfula Aldan atholakala cishe amasayithi engamakhulu okuqondene Bronze futhi Iron Ages.

Ukunqamula

amabhuloho Itholakala engxenyeni emincane emfuleni kukhona izinkuni flooring. Emanzini angajulile ngokuvamile kushintsha kusuka omunye ebhange komunye Kwenziwa enganqamula. Winter Ukunqamula kwenzeka eqhweni, futhi isikebhe ehlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimiso esiqinile elalingazange. Isikebhe usebenza ngamahora asemini kuphela futhi ngesikhathi umthwalo omningi. Esikhathini offseason, owela nhlobo. Namuhla uphela ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho elisha emgwaqeni omkhulu federal ngaphesheya komfula Aldan, ubude bayo Imininingwane kuyinto 970 metres.