inhlabathi PODZOLIC ithonywa inqubo podsolic. ukuchayeka yayo esiphezulu iboniswa ihlathi lezihlahla.

Kulapha iqukethe wonke izimo ezidingekile ndima yayo: amanzi imodi ezishaywayo, ukusabela - ozinzile-esidi, insimbi acid organic.

Imfucumfucu emelelwa ikakhulu fibre, tannins kanye lignin, ukuphendula yayo - esidi, kodwa i-calcium oxide futhi iqukethe enganele. It ukubola ikakhulukazi isikhutha, futhi Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-ezonakalisayo acid fulvic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingqimba engenhla kwenhlabathi wadalula egeza eyingqabavu out compounds encibilikayo nokubhujiswa ngokujulile inhlabathi namaminerali. Kulezi izinqubo chaza imikhiqizo lokubhubhisa, kanye acid namanzi ziyakhishwa ngezansi.

Ngenxa yalokho - elihlukile umkhathizwe podzolic noma eluvial, lapho ongaphakeme amandla isici izitshalo, sesqui oxides of aluminium nensimbi, daka izinhlayiya, kodwa eziningi crystalline asebenza ngebhethri (SiO2) kanye Silica amorphous (SiO2 • H2 O) lapho le emkhathizwe kanti ukweleta ukukhanya kwayo grey umbala, kepha efaniswe umbala umlotha.

Ezinye izinto seniye nagezwa kusukela umkhathizwe podsolic nezibi, benzelwe ngezansi ungqimba eluvial bese bakha Washout umkhathizwe - ungqimba illuvial. It has a lot of ngobumba nezinhlayiyana colloidal yensimbi oxides kanye ne-aluminium, phosphorus compounds futhi ezinye humus. Umbala lo umkhathizwe ngokuvamile iba nsundu ngokubomvu.

Inani elithile izinto okuyinto seniye nagezwa kusukela sifinyelela ongenhla amanzi asendaweni ilahlekile iphrofayli umhlabathi. Ngakho, ngokuyisisekelo inqubo podzolic kuzibonakalisa ukubhujiswa namaminerali phezulu inhlabathi ngaphansi kwethonya ukusabela acid ukuhanjiswa okwalandela imikhiqizo ngokubhujiswa kwabo lonke iphrofayli. Futhi kunenkolelo ukuthi le nqubo kungenzeka lihambisana lessivage (ukususwa elingenhla inhlabathi izingqimba izinhlayiya zobumba ngaphandle kokubhubhisa isakhiwo sabo).

Iphrofayela inhlabathi Podzolic babe isakhiwo ezilandelayo: A 2 O + A + B + C

A O - udoti, ukushuba ka 3 - 5 amasentimitha, esakhiwa izinsalela ngokwengxenye ukubola kanye undecomposed moss, ulele, izinaliti, izingcezu amagxolo nokunye okunjalo.

A 2 - kuyinto eluvial noma ungqimba podzolic kwaba olumhlophe noma elimhlophe-grey, kokuba ethambile wakubo-platy isakhiwo noma esewonke structureless, ukushuba hhayi ningi than yesine imitha.

B - kuyinto illuvial ungqimba abomvu ansundu noma brown obukhulu, kokuba isakhiwo prismatic noma blocky, ukushuba imitha elilodwa, kungashiwo ihlukaniswe subhorizons - B 1, B 2, nokunye.

C - uyidwala umzali umelwe ubumba ikakhulukazi carbonate-free noma loam. Lapho sifika emngceleni, udoti umkhathizwe podsolic ungakwazi ukwaba ungqimba A 0 A 1, ukushuba-2 - 3 cm, ehlanganisa phansi kahle udoti ukubola noma ezinemibala izinto humus engenhla ungqimba amaminerali iphrofayela A 1 A 2.

inhlabathi Podzolic phezu izakhiwo ezingezinhle kakhulu yokutshala izimila kuso. Umkhathizwe humus kukhona nhlobo yokusabela - ngokuqinile esidi (pH = 4.0-4.5), ukumuncwa yayo umthamo - kusuka 3 kuya ku-15 mg • EQ / 100 amagremu zenhlabathi, mncane impela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, podzolic kancane ayegcwele lezisekelo - kusuka 30 kuya 40%.

Umsoco ezifana phosphorus, i-potassium, i-nitrogen nabanye futhi ezincane. inhlabathi Podsolic structureless, ukubhukuda ngemva akha imvula ikhekhe ngokwanele aminyene emva omiswe. Konke lokhu kunomthelela ongemuhle izitshalo.

Ukuze ukutshala mhlaba, kufanele ilayimi, wenze eziphakeme kokubili manyolo organic nokumbiwa. Zilimeleni umhlabathi podzolic badinga ka 24 amasentimitha ukujula ukuqinisekisa imithi yabo ngokuvumelana nemithetho.