Okungajwayelekile "ukopha" amakhowe. Mushroom "ukopha izinyo" - ezidliwayo noma cha?

A uhlobo olukhethekile isitshalo eziphilayo, obuhlanganisa izici zezitshalo nezilwane - baziwa (hhayi ngakho) amakhowe. Abanalo chlorophyll, awukwazi ngokuzimela ukuncela carbon dioxide esemoyeni, ngakho kufanele bondliwe compounds ngomumo eyenziwe organic.

A ezihlukahlukene isikhunta (imvelo yemvelo) likhulu kakhulu. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu imikhakha elikhulu eziphilayo, okwaba yingxenye yezinto eziphilayo ezihamba ezweni futhi zasemanzini. Ngokusho ucwaningo, ososayensi baye baphetha ngokuthi uMhlaba zazo zikhona mayelana 1.5 million zinhlobo.

Kukhona "mushroom ukopha" ngokwemvelo noma cha?

Phakathi umuntu eziningi owaziwa futhi kukhona izimo zezinhlobo engavamile kakhulu futhi ezingavamile. Ngokwesibonelo, "amakhowe ukopha." Igama lazo yezesayensi - Bleedinq Izinyo Funqus. Lapho uqala ukubheka lesi simangaliso bemvelo kungase kubonakale sengathi ngempela splattered ngegazi. Kodwa uma ubuka eduze, ungase ubone ukuthi ketshezi efana igazi, ihlukanisa uqobo amakhowe. Ngokuvamile, it is ababethi abomvu, kodwa kukhona pink yellow nokukhanya, futhi orange noma beige.

Ngokuvamile, ukopha ukhunta likhula olumanzi sezwe mossy eNyakatho Melika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungatholakala e-Iran, Korea ngisho e-Europe, kodwa kakhulu kancane njalo.

hydnellum Peck

Kulesi sihloko thina ngeke ukhulume aspen futhi boletus. engavamile "amakhowe ukopha" kuyoba namaqhawe namuhla yethu. Omele bhá yalolu hlobo - hydnellum Peck.

Mushroom "ukopha izinyo" akuyona ezinesihlungu, kodwa namanje ngeke kukusize ngalutho-ke ukuzama, ngoba ukunambitheka ababayo, izilwane elisabisayo abantu. Hydnellum Peck inokubukwa kuhle amangalisayo - ngaphandle ezibonakala amathonsi Velvety ezimhlophe okusamanzi obomvu olufana igazi. Ososayensi olwenziwa ekuhlaziyweni ijusi wathola ukuthi iqukethe atromentin - anticoagulant ekhethekile olungavimba kumiswa amahlule okusheshayo coagulation, kanye notshwala yayo ukumnika kusiza ukuphungula nokulimala.

Igama layo hydnellum Peck kwaba yokudumisa mycologist US Charles Horton Peck (1833-1917 GG.).

Kubukeka sengathi a amakhowe "ukopha izinyo"

Ekuqaleni sokuthuthuka hydnellum Peck kakhulu efana isiponji ezivamile, okuyinto inike exudate ngokusebenzisa ikhule ezimbotsheni. Kamuva, njengoba zikhula mushroom, ngaphansi cap avele neziqu ezime njengesitebhisi amazinyo.

fruiting lomzimba walo - elula noma tho. Hat ububanzi - mayelana 6.5 cm Ivame isicaba noma kwaphoqa, anolaka .. Velvety touch, has a isakhiwo lamellar. amakhowe Young wagqaba elikhanyayo, amathoni cishe ezimhlophe, siphethe isikhathi ebusweni mnyama bese uba ngokubomvu noma onsomi-black. Emvelweni, kukhona ukopha nge brown mushroom izithelo umzimba Ezehlakalweni ezingakajayeleki kakhulu a dark blue luhlaza.

Umlenze ukhunta cylindrical, nomumo ngezinye izikhathi uthi lokuphotha. Ekuqaleni, ungukukhanya, Milky-white, bese ethola umbala cap. Mushroom "ukopha izinyo" has a ukukhanya, Pinkish onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe ukukhanya uginindela ensundu. Umlenze kuba mnyama ngaphandle isigqoko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungabonwa emithanjeni ugodo ephuzi.

Ngokuvamile abantu ababona okokuqala kulesi simangaliso semvelo, ukubuza ukuthi, "Ukopha amakhowe ezidliwayo noma cha?" Lokhu mushroom kuyinto engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo, futhi ngokuyinhloko sibonga ukunambitheka okumunyu kakhulu.

"Ukopha izinyo" ngesiRashiya

Ngo-2012, kwatholakala ezazingaziwa kulezi zingxenye thola. Mushroom "ukopha izinyo kaDeveli" yaqale ezitholakala Buryatia. Watholwa Ivolginsky amaholide kule ndawo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, kwatholakala engekude kakhulu onqenqemeni ehlathini.

Mushroom ukufuna akenzanga iyiphi okwesabisayo noma okunyanyekayo. Sika ayizange - izithombe sahamba.

Njengoba "mushroom ukopha" Uvele Buryatia, ke ayikaziwa. Omunye izinguqulo ososayensi Russian - ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, okuholela ushintsho ukusabela zezitshalo nezilwane. Mhlawumbe Outlandish "alien" yavela ekuphenduleni ukushintsha okuphawulekayo endleleni izimo zezulu.

Emvelweni, kukhona amakhowe zalolu hlobo, kodwa musa ihlaba umkhosi juice ebomvu phezu. Yena elivela ikhefu. Ezinye zazo kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu.

mycena olunegazi

Cap ububanzi kufika ku 2.0 cm. I mushroom bezinsizwa hemispherical, ezomile, convex, nge enamathela matt. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yandisa, kuba oyindilinga noma insimbi-okwenyanga.

Lezi zingqimba ayembalwa ekuqaleni olumhlophe, kamuva nazo zaba grey purplish noma Pinkish.

Umlenze cylindrical ukuma, nomzimba omncane, okungenalutho ngaphakathi, embozwe izinwele noma bushelelezi. Ingxenye engenhla has a enamathela powdery. ukuphakama kwalo kungase kube kufika ku-6 cm, kanye ukushuba - esingaphansi 0.4 cm ngasesinqeni -. umbala Iwayini elibomvu. Kaningana, amakhowe tho ngasesinqeni.

I mitseny uginindela mncane, akhalayo, ziyaqothuka. It has no iphunga. Kodwa kukhona ukunambitheka okumunyu isici. Lapho iphutha mushroom okukhishwe juice umbala obomvu, ikakhulukazi emlenzeni wakhe. Mycena has spore ukuphrinta (ukhilimu olumhlophe noma ezimhlophe).

Hlangana Mitsen kwenzeke Julayi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-August ezindala abolile zemithi.

Ingabe mycena ezinobuthi?

Imithombo ehlukahlukene yaleli ukhunta udumo izakhiwo ezahlukene. Kwezinye zazo waqaphela njengoba engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukudla, kodwa akazange nevkusen. Mitsen nzima kakhulu ukuqoqa, ngoba inyama yayo zintekenteke kakhulu.

juice Red, okuyinto inike mycena kuyisivikelo we ukhunta engozini. Iqiniso lokuthi liqukethe imithi elwa namagciwane yemvelo ukuthi kuxoshwe izinambuzane eziyingozi ukhunta.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Mitsen okukhulunywe kunemibandela zinhlobo ezidliwayo e ukudla ke washisa zonke efanayo-ke akudingekile.

hepatica ezivamile

Ukubona okunjalo i ukhunta engavamile, akekho ongasisebenzisa bahlala banganandaba. Ngaphandle, kufana kakhulu isibindi ngempela. Le ukufana ne ukuthi ukhunta umzimba engeza streaks obomvu, ukuphequlula phezu bonke ubuso, kanye juice ezijulile ahehe elibomvu, okuyinto efana kakhulu ongayisebenzisa esikhundleni segazi.

Fruiting komzimba ukhunta Ubukhulu olubabazeka kakhulu -. Ngo ububanzi ngamasentimitha 30 ekuqaleni ukuthuthukiswa yayo, ungenalutho, zifana neconsi enkulu resin kamuva iba ulimi emise noma amaqabunga ukuma. umbala wayo kuhluka njengegazi ukuba ensundu, nge emithanjeni ezibomvu tebhu. Lesi sikhunta linamathela isihlahla amnyama lzhenozhkoy yenethiwekhi.

I ophuzi noma ukukhanya brown Sporiferous ungqimba ijabulise. Tubules njalo nasebubini. Uma ngisho kancane mechanical ukucindezeleka othi awube. Inyama aminyene futhi nokunwebeka. Uma ukusika ukhunta ngokumangalisayo replicates ngokunembile izicubu ephilayo - mncane zemabula emithanjeni, kanye neso-ekubambeni "olunegazi" juice uqedela isithombe.

Hepatica elimila izihlahla ophilayo, zikhetha nomgodi podtochennaya oki kanye chestnut. Lesi sikhunta sihlala eseningizimu sezulu esipholile ebusika efudumele. Kuyinto ingasaphathwa ezivamile ezindaweni enyakatho ngaphezulu.

It ubhekwa kunemibandela ezidliwayo. Ngaphambi lukhuni inkathi ukhunta edliwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto uju. Ngokuchichima acid ngawo ukhunta ivikelwe emiphumeleni ukhuni tannins isuswe ngu sifakwe emanzini amahora ambalwa emanzini usawoti. Ngezinye izikhathi le nqubo kungathatha ngosuku. Amanzi kufanele ishintshwe njalo. Hepatica udle fresh kuphela. Amalungiselelo ukhunta esizayo awukwazi ukubekezelela.

obomvu Ginger

Cap kuba 15 cm ububanzi, flat noma convex, ngezinye izikhathi isikhungo lalihlehliswa. Kuyinto obukhulu kakhulu futhi esinamanzi. zezinhlobo Young insaliwe onqenqemeni. I ikhasi bushelelezi, orange. inyama aminyene futhi okuyize ngayo ezimhlophe, siphethe streaks abomvu. Ekuqaleni kwawo-inike juice umbala obomvu. Lezi zingqimba evame kodwa hhayi ezibanzi. Umlenze - okusezingeni eliphezulu 6 cm, eqinile, ukuma cylindrical, tapered ngasesinqeni. It ihlanganiswa ne imigodi obomvu bese enamathela mealy.

amathiphu mushroom

We thasisela you mayelana amakhowe ngempela ezingavamile, isici esiyinhloko okuyinto ikhono lazo ukwaba juice abomvu. Ezinye zazo yilezi kunemibandela ezidliwayo, abanye zinobuthi. Ngithanda zixwayisa futhi ngokwanele abanolwazi mushroom abazingeli, futhi - ikakhulukazi Wabasaqalayo. Akubalulekile ukuqoqa izinto, ungazi. Isenzo kwabaningi babo emzimbeni womuntu kungukuthi ngokugcwele. Musa engozini impilo yakho kanye nempilo nabathandekayo babo! Khumbula, amakhowe ubuthi kuyingozi kakhulu. Futhi, ngeshwa, akusiyo njalo kungenzeka ukuba ugcine odokotela abafisa ukunambitha ukhunta engaziwa, kodwa ekhangayo.