Plant-isihambi: kungani kunjalo esibizwa?

Njengabantu abaningi, izitshalo uthanda ukuhamba, banqoba hhayi kuphela izinkulungwane amakhilomitha isikhala, kodwa kwamakhulu eminyaka yokuphila isikhathi. zisakaza Wide izimila yokuzalanisa izimo ezintsha futhi babe ukudla ajwayelekile futhi kubalulekile etafuleni lokudlela, nomthelela okwatholwa ezindawo yesikhathi esidlule. Ummbila, utamatisi, amazambane, pepper, ugwayi, ubhekilanga, ubhontshisi kwalethwa eYurophu ngemva kokutholakala Melika.

izitshalo Ezijwayelekile - izivakashi ezivela emazweni akude?

Uma kubhekwa a ezingavamile ilukuluku kwezilwandle kanye uju ezibizayo amazambane - ohlala South America Andes - wethulwa Europe abaseSpain e-16th caravels ekhulwini ukulayishwa ngegolide nangesiliva. AmaRashiya beqala ukuhlangana naye ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 lapho kuqala esekhulile njengenhlangano izitshalo Ornamental; ngisho ladies omkhulu gqizisa ngokwabo izimbali zalo. I-Russian isitshalo isihambi amazambane isidlo ivelakancane etafuleni lenkosi; e 1741 esidlweni zemikhosi kubo bonke enkantolo yakhe yayisekelwe amagremu 500 kuphela. Amazambane wayengazi ukuthi sikhule ukudla, wadla izithelo ezinobuthi hhayi nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Kuphela engxenyeni kwekhulu le-19 lalisetshenziswa evamile lomkhiqizo yesibili zanda etafuleni lokudlela umuntu ngamunye.

Utamatisi (utamatisi) - ongowokuzalwa Peru (okungukuthi lapho ingasatholakala endaweni zasendle cherry izithelo nge usayizi kanye isisindo ezingekho ngaphezu 5 amagremu), elisho Italian "apula osemqoka". Europe ngajwayelana utamatisi, amazwe kusuka Ningizimu Melika ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18; eRussia zalesi sihlahla ngale isivuno ukudla uvele nekhulu le-19. Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu baseMelika babekholelwa utamatisi ezinesihlungu, ngisho izama ubuthi izithelo uGeorge Washington - UMengameli wokuqala.

Sunflower - futhi isihambi?

Sunflower, isitshalo komkhuba kithi, isivakashi kusuka eMexico ezikude, lapho izakhamuzi wayekubheka njengelungelo imbali engcwele, kulethe ilanga lifanele ngokumthanda. Uma ngekhulu le-16 kusukela Melika eYurophu, lesi sitshalo-isihambi baba umhlobiso yensimu wobukhosi Madrid. Wabe wathandana elite French: inkosi yaseFrance, uLouis XIV beyalwa ukuba isitshalo sunflower ensimini eseduze Versailles. Ngaphansi ukupela zalesi sihlahla elanga futhi ithole uPetru, embona eNetherlands. Inkosi abasha waya ekhaya isikhwama imbewu sunflower, lapho esekhulile engadini ezibiyele njengoba isimangaliso phesheya. Nge supply ukukhanya elihlakaniphile baseRussia imbewu sunflower zaqala ukusetshenziswa njengoba uswidi namafutha esihlwabusayo elimnandi imbewu efanayo sunflower okubangelwa okwandile esisemqoka.

Plant-isihambi ikhukhamba - umkhiqizo thermophilic futhi ajwayelekile kithi - kuvela, nayo ngokuvakashela izivakashi, ezweni mlando kubhekwa mpumalanga ye-Asia India. Izinsalela ukhukhamba ibekwe endaweni ukudla efile endala etholakale Emathuneni aseGibithe, futhi emathempelini Indian ungabona izibalo ezibaziweyo yemifino. ERussia ikhukhamba hit ekhulwini 10-11 kusukela eByzantium futhi manje Simila emikhawulweni yalo, njengoba endle futhi zokugcina.

Ukhova luhamba emhlabeni ku ematheni

Kusukela utshani izitshalo, okuyinto chithi saka eRussia, Ngifuna ukugqamisa psyllium. ngezici zawo zokwelapha ziye eyaziwa ngisho ingane; ephepheni enamathiselwe isilonda, okuvimba igazi uthulisa ubuhlungu. Kungani isitshalo okuthiwa ukhova-ngezebhizinisi? Ngoba lokhu isiko obudlange ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba futhi lihlonishwa emazweni amaningi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. AmaNtaliyane, amaGreki, amaPheresiya Arabhu kakhulu wanikela plant amandla okwelapha. Ukhova uyakwazi ukuvikela amandla obubi, khulula ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukusiza ukulunywa omiyane nezinyosi, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. AbaseMelika abe isitshalo-isihambi ubizwa nangokuthi "lokungcolisa yabelungu", njengoba kwaba njalo "nomlungu", lesi sitshalo uvele on izwekazi yabo. Futhi neze izifiki zithutha ke emhlabeni ngenhloso, cishe, imbewu simila ngengozi kuxutshwe nezinye imbewu noma ku ematheni izicathulo nezinye izinto. Leli qiniso kufakazela ubungqabavu emangalisayo isitshalo imilingo ezinjalo. ERussia, igama ukhova wathola indawo sokukhula: imigwaqo ngokuvamile kungatholakala.

Kufika isitshalo ukhula

Kusukela Melika eYurophu walethwa pineappleweed, okuyinto 70s kwekhulu le-19, bavele ngaphambi izinombolo ezinkulu phezu nasemithambekeni ujantshi embankments lapho bafudukela ku silibangise ezwenikazi, lapho ukusabalala yonke indawo. Kukhona namandla isitshalo-isihambi e-Europe, kanye okusanhlamvu uthenge, okuyinto, ngokusobala, awuzange ngokuphelele usule imbewu ukhula. Ayengalali ngokusebenzisa imifantu ngezimoto, futhi zihlakazeke. '+

Ezinye izitshalo abahambi (amanzi eseshumi futhi Elodea canadensis) babé isishayo sangempela ezifundeni eziningi. Waterweed phansi emadanyini, ezimfundeni samanje oluhlaza kuka ukudala ukuphazamiseka esilinganisekayo nge navigation nokudoba. Ukuze kube lula futhi eliphezulu ukujwayeza ke ngokweyame kunoma yimiphi imibandela ngokuthi "ukutheleleka yamanzi" noma "isifo amanzi". Manje zonke ye-Asia neYurophu amachibi kwavula nale isitshalo.

Hhayi phansi kunabaphostoli Elodie Canadian amanzi eseshumi - ukhula kunazo zonke amadamu nemifula, ukhaphethi obukhulu ihlanganisa phezu kwamanzi. Kungeniswe kusuka Melika njengoba esimila Ornamental, it is ngokushesha okukhulu ithole ukusakazeka kwalo emanzini Indonesia, e-Australia, i-Philippines, Japan, I-Asia nase-Afrika.

European Melika izipho

Melika Akukhona nje ahlanganiswe Europe ezisuke zithandwa ngaleso. European futhi amazwe ase-Asia futhi musa ukuhlala ezikweletini, ethula baseMelika ilayisi, ukolweni, ibhali, umoba, beet nezinye izitshalo. izitshalo eziningi abahambi babe nobuhlobo obuseduze nomuntu ngokufaka okuthiwa iqembu commensal (kusukela lesiGreki "syn." - ndawonye, "Anthropos" - abantu). Lobo buhlobo nendoda eyaholela ekusetshenzisweni yabo kwandile, ngenxa okuyinto abaningi baye baba cosmopolitans futhi hlala ingxenye enkulu ezweni. izitshalo ezinjalo zihlanganisa pigweed, dandelion, esikhwameni kamalusi, bluegrass yonyaka.