USimeyoni Bekbulatovich: Biography of yakhe yokuphila, isithombe, nokubusa usuku, kabusha

Tsar Ivan Grozny wayedume hhayi kuphela setingucuko yayo enkulu ukuthi avunyelwe Russia ukuthatha indawo yayo efanele phakathi amandla esiqine sikhathi, kodwa futhi eccentricities, kusikisela abanye kungekho horror esingaphansi ekubulaweni kwenqwaba yabantu ngenxa Ukungaqiniseki yayo. Omunye lezi zenzo wayeyiNkosi ebusa uSimeyoni Bekbulatovich. usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa alwaziwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, emadokhumenthari eziningi, ngokuvamile ephikisanayo, ubufakazi ibhodi wakhe okuthiwa.

USimeyoni Bekbulatovich: A Biography (intsha)

Mayelana ebuntwaneni yomuntu, owathatha kamuva ngisho kancane esihlalweni sobukhosi, kangako. Sain-Bulat Khan wayeyindodana Bek-Bulat - ozalweni uGenghis Khan futhi Sultan Nogai zidlamlilo. Umkhulu wakhe u-Ahmet owayengumbusi lokugcina Golden zidlamlilo, okuyinto baqhubeka e ukwencika zezombusazwe wezikhulu eMoscow.

Ivan Okwesine abamenyiwe Bek-Bulat nendodana yakhe enkonzweni yakhe. Isikhulu ubudala wakhashelwa Kubi futhi wazibonakalisa ngiyisosha ezinhle, ngakho ngemva kokufa kwakhe, kwaba uhlobo Sain-Bulat.

Ngu-oda kaKesari isikhulu abasha, washada nentombi yase umndeni abadumile boyar - Maria Andreyevna Kleopinoy-Kutuzov. Futhi ngakho wayemi ngasemnikelweni isikhundla salo phezulu izikhulu isiRashiya, ngoba wayengumuntu uhlobo uGenghis, abese eshada Aristocrat Russian waqinisa isikhundla sakhe kuphela.

Ukubusa kasimov

Nakuba inqubo esikhona, ababusi Russian ngokuvamile wanikeza abamenyiwe lwesiTatar izikhulu ukuba ngidle ifa wonke umuzi. Ngakho-ke, akekho wamangala lapho, e-60s ngasekupheleni uSimeyoni Bekbulatovich esimisiwe Khan kasimov, ngesikhathi esifanayo wathola isihloko "Inceku", kuyilapho ngisho boyars kakhulu kahle ozalwa nabizelwa kuphela "isigqila Ivana Groznogo."

Phakathi nokubusa bakaSimon Bekbulatovich kasimov kokuba yingxenye iMpi Livonian, kanye Kuzonyuka in the akhokhelwayo, nut Kolyvan. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesikhathi ekufuna Ivana Groznogo, wabhapathizwa futhi wathatha igama uSimeyoni. Ngesikhathi Bekbulatovich kwaba umfelwa futhi washada kuya muva wayeshonelwe umyeni ePrincess Anastasia Cherkassy.

Ngalesi umshado uSimeyoni Bekbulatovich - yinkosi kasimov - wahlangana ngobuhlobo asebukhosini, + njengasosukwini lokungivivinya ngemithambo nomkakhe wesibili Wopha Sofii Paleolog.

Emshadweni, lo mbhangqwana kwadingeka amadodana amathathu namadodakazi amathathu.

Kungani ukudluliswa kwamandla?

Kuze kube manje, ngenxa yokuthi u-Ivan Grozny okuhleliwe ngesikhathi yombuso ezinjalo umuntu ukucasha, uSimeyoni Bekbulatovich, uhlala ekhulunywe mlando.

Kukhona izinguqulo eziningi. Ngokwe ezivamile Ivanu Groznomu kwenziwa sokuhle ukufa okuseduze umbusi wayo yonke iRussia, ngakho-ke, zithi cababa on sobukhosi lomunye umuntu, wayethemba ukuthi bakopele ukudalelwa. Kukhona umuzwa ukuthi wayefuna anyakaze isikhashana emthunzini ukumambula izitha zabo kufihlwe. Ezinye izazi-mlando ukubeka phambili umbono, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuthi Inkosi yayifuna azingenwa ukunganeliseki ethandwa, okuyinto okunzima ukuthola ukusuka ezishaqisayo ezaba kwadingeka akhuthazelele ngesikhathi oprichnina, "ezihambayo imicibisholo" ku isikhulu alien.

Phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi isimo Russian

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, e-1575, u-Ivan le Kubi beyalwa ukuba umqhele yinkosi uSimeyoni Bekbulatovich anikeza isihloko "Grand Prince of All Russia." Yena ngokwakhe wathutha nomkhaya wakhe kusukela ezibiyele ukuze Petrovka. Kulokhu, lizwe ngokusemthethweni ihlukaniswe, ukugqamisa Ivanov eMoscow njengoba wanquma ukuthi kusukela ngaleso kufanele ngokuthi "yangaphambili" umbusi waleli zwe, eyifa. Elapho waqala ukucabanga kwakhe siqu, okuyinto wagijima Godunov, The Naked futhi Bielski.

Ubude umbusi omusha wabusa izinyanga 11. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ngokuvumelana amanxusa akwamanye amazwe, futhi-ke wasusa kusukela zezindela namasonto yazo zonke lezi zincwadi, wakhala ngokudinwa kungamakhulu eminyaka, futhi ubhujiswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-oda bakaSimon ngokomthetho, kodwa empeleni nge-oda Ivan le Kubi, bebulawa abanye yizikhonzi, oweza kuye ngemva oprichnina, kodwa lokho ekulindele. Ngakho-ke kwenziwa omunye "shanela ehlanzekile" ku echelons engenhla kwamandla.

USimeyoni Bekbulatovich guqula zakhe zazingafani ngokucacile ziqondakala ayephila nabo, kodwa nemibhikisho, okuyinto Ivan Grozny zazesaba akwenzekanga.

ukufuduka

Ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi izinguquko zezombusazwe kuphumelela, kuyashaqisa uzwakalise "Ukunganeliseki" izenzo bakaSimon futhi "ophoqelelwe" ukuthi zilawule intonga ukuba abuyisele okubi, ukulimala ezibangele isonto.

Okungenani, isenzo u-Ivan IV banikezwe kubantu futhi izikhulu kulokukhanya. Inkosi uye wavumela ukuze uqhube izinhlamvu isusiwe, kodwa bayidlulisele ngenxa yayo, ukugcina nokungeza yengcebo inkosi sika yamazwe isonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba namahemuhemu abaningi sabaphathi isonto labo kwakudingeka akhokhe eningi ukuze alulame okungenani ingxenye yempahla ezigodlweni zabo.

Njengoba kwabikwa ohulumeni kwabo amanxusa akwamanye amazwe, kwathi iDemo wokubusa omkhulu bakaSimon Bekbulatovich (usuku ka-kuya sobukhosi ayaziwa, kodwa ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi wazalwa ngo-October 1576) uye wavumela Ivanu Groznomu nabuhlungu awususe Ingcenye eqakathekileko yomsebenzi wehlelo impahla kusukela Church, kanye show zonke Angenelisekile ukuthi " mhlawumbe ngisho nokubusa okubi kakhulu ".

ukubusa

Ngemva yokuxoshwa bakaSimon Bekbulatovich (isithombe ngezansi) kuyalelwe ukukhonza e Tver, lapho wabelwa phetho entsha. Nokho, lokhu wayelokhu ezithanda isihloko Grand Duke, owayekhona Ivan. Nokho, lona wamuva ngesikhathi esifanayo e asemthethweni wabizwa ngokuthi namanje inkosi. Zibancishe amandla, okuyinto yena ngakho kwakungekaNkulunkulu ngokusemthethweni kuphela, oSimeyoni Bekbulatovich isibe omunye ngaphambi kwabanikazi bamazwe elikhulu isikhathi. Ngokwencwadi ethi ababhali walondoloza indawo yakhe, ihlanganiswe mayelana 1580, e-Tver futhi Mikulinsky izifunda ayenakho omunye umhlabathi olimekayo kuphela 13.500 esingamahektare. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena wanikwa inkululeko namalungelo akhethekile, okuyinto amnike ilungelo bazokhokhisa izintela kanye nezintela umusa, okuyinto ayivunyelwe ukuphumula, ngisho esiphezulu kunazo, ukukhonza abantu bombuso eMoscow.

umsebenzi okwengeziwe

Kusukela ekupheleni 1577 iminyaka 5 USimeyoni Bekbulatovich wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo impi ngokumelene Poland. Nokho, imiphumela kule nsimu, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba sifinyelele, ngoba babengenawo isibindi noma ithalente umlawuli.

Ngemva kokufa Ivana Groznogo e 1588 Grand Duke uSimeyoni isikhashana wakwazi ukulondoloza isikhundla salo esiphakeme. Nokho, mina abasondela esihlalweni sobukhosi Boris Godunov phathelana ulungiselele kakhulu abasha Tsar Feodor Okokuqala ngokumelene Tver kokwesikhulu.

ihlazo

Ngemuva kokuba inkosi, Godunov isiyalele boyars ukuba afungele ukuba afunge ukuthi ngeke ukuthatha noma yisiphi isinyathelo sokushintsha ubunikazi sobukhosi uSimeyoni Bekbulatovich noma izingane zakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena waba ngokushesha yathola izaba yokugudluza Olwa eyingozi amandla kuleli zwe, isihlobo esiseduze bakaSimon Bekbulatovich - I. Mstislav - eyayihilelekile omunye wesakhiwo ngomfowabo le onguMninimandla onke wenkosi, futhi ngemuva kokuboshwa, yangaphambili "umbusi wayo yonke iRussia ' wahlupheka Itshe Eliyigugu. Wathatha ezibonakalayo nesithunzi, kodwa hhayi abadingisiwe, okuvumela ukuba siphile inhlokodolobha wangaphambilini we Kushaline ethize.

Godunov ukwesaba kwakungafanele okungenasisekelo, njengoba ezinye izicukuthwane empeleni itulo uzungu kuya ekubekweni kwenkosi, yena owayesevele matasa sobukhosi ngenkululeko Ivana Groznogo. Uzungu yahanjelwa izibalo ezifana owaziwa zombusazwe sikhathi, efana uTheodore Nikitich Romanov futhi Belsky. indaba yabo eyayingiphethe kabi, kanti ke kaSimon, ngokusho kwabanye imibiko, waphuphuthekisa.

monasticism

Walahlekelwa kwamehlo akhe yayisiphuza ihlazo uSimeyoni Bekbulatovich waqala ukufuna induduzo okholweni Orthodox. Wakha amathempeli, bahlabela zezindela. Kusukela lapho kuqhutshwa lezi zifundo, kwakufanele bonyana enze awushiye phakathi ukubusa Dimitri Okokuqala, owaqala wammemela eMoscow caressed. Nokho, lesi simo akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside, futhi nomkhohlisi dabukisa wagwetshwa ukuba agqunywe ku St uCyril-Belozersky Monastery. Ilondolozwe Kahle ngisho idokhumenti esisayinwe kuye, kokuyala wesigodlo ka wezindela ukuthatha izifungo bakaSimon Bekbulatovich nokubhala ngakho kuye uqobo.

Apreli 3, Ngo-1616 inkosi wangaphambili wathatha izifungo Izigodlo ngaphansi kwegama kukaStefanu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uSimeyoni Bekbulatovich, ogama biography ukhumbuza adventure inoveli, wahlala cishe eyisiboshwa.

isimo sakhe sawohloka phambili uma Vasilii Shuyskom, indela badingiselwa Solovki.

izinsuku Umunyu bakaSimon bakhe, ngubani futhi indela Stefan iziqu eMoscow ngo Ngo-1616 futhi wangcwatshwa Simonov Monastery.

Manje uyazi ukuthi ubani linguSimeyoni Bekbulatovich, neminyaka yokuphila ukuthi kungenziwa kuphela echazwe mhlawumbe (1540-s - Ngo-1616-s). Izizathu esejika ekuphileni kwakhe, atjengisa ngazo bona gade sobukhosi isiRashiya, Namanje impikiswano yizazimlando akunakwenzeka nanini ukuthi ifakwe.