Ukukhululwa eKönigsberg kusukela zibulawa amaNazi ngeMpi Yezwe II: usuku abahlanganyeli. Ukulwa ukuze kukhululwe eKönigsberg, front? Medal yokukhululwa eKönigsberg

Liberation kusukela amaNazi eKönigsberg kwaba imisebenzi emikhulu yimpumelelo olwenziwe yi-iRed Army ensimini okuqondene ngqo eJalimane. Kusukela imiphumela yayo wawuncike zonke izenzo esizayo we umbimbi phezu wokugcina kokukhulula eYurophu nobuNazi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhululwa eKönigsberg kwaba yingqophamlando uchungechunge mashi okunqobayo kwezindaba ibutho. Futhi ongokomfanekiso iphuzu lokuthi umuzi ezizungezile, ngemva kokuwa kombuso wamaNazi, sifakwa ngaphansi kweSoviet Union.

Umlando omfishane yaseMpumalanga Prussia

Umhlaba yaseMpumalanga Prussia, kanye kwakungekaNkulunkulu lesizwe sabantwana Baltic Prussians, kusukela ngekhulu XII abangu ngaphansi asebenzayo German ikoloni lempi. Khona-ke kwaba khona isimo zamaJalimane Order of Knights, cishe usuluqedile ngokuphelele, futhi yamukeleke bendawo futhi usongo ePoland, eLithuania neRussia.

Umuzi ngokwawo eKönigsberg, eyayaziwa ngokuthi Tvangste, lethiwa ngo 1255 yokudumisa Czech King Premysl Ottokar II.

Ekhulwini xv, iNgcweti lokugcina Hohenzollern umndeni ku kula mazwe Duchy wokuziphilisa yasePrussia, ngaleso sikhathi kuhlangene inyunyana siqu ne yoKhetho saseBrandenburg yasungulwa. Lesi simo liye labizwa ngokuthi umbuso Prussia, nezwe ngqo eyayithengwe zamaJalimane Knights, nenhloko-dolobha yalo e eKönigsberg, yaseMpumalanga Prussia waziwa.

Kamuva, lezi zindawo zazixhunywe ochungechungeni eMbusweni isiJalimane, le Weimar Republic noMbuso Wesithathu.

Impi on the front Soviet-German

Ngo-1944, amasosha amaNazi ezimpini abanolaka bagcina yaxoshwa endaweni ye-USSR. Ukukhululwa emazweni asempumalanga laseYurophu ephakathi kusukela amaNazi. Ibutho laseSoviet wasondela ngqo endaweni German, ikakhulukazi, ukuba yaseMpumalanga Prussia.

Januwari 13, 1945 ukusebenza East Prussian naye ibutho laseSoviet umkhankaso. It iqhaza, i-2nd Belarus phambi ngaphansi Marshal Rokossovskogo 3rd Belarus Front esengaphansi Chernyakhovskogo kuqala bese Marshala Vasilevskogo, futhi 1st phambi Baltic eliholwa Jikelele Bagramyan. Isenzo zomhlabathi amabutho kusukela ulwandle lwabasibekela aseBaltic imikhumbi iphansi kwesandla sika-Jikelele Tributs. Inani labasebenzi lempi kule ndawo idlula abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1,6.

amabutho aseSoviet ebhekene Army Iqembu "Isikhungo" futhi "North" ngaphansi kokuqondisa, ngokulandelana, uLieutenant General Reinhardt kanye L. Rendulic. Bona lalinabashumayeli ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 580. Abantu kwabasebenzi.

Phakathi okuhlaselayo ngemphumelelo iRed Army wenziwe ukufohla juqu, matasa eziningi ezindaweni namadolobha. Kodwa isihluthulelo lonke yaseMpumalanga Prussia wahlala eKönigsberg ungenakunqotshwa.

Ngakho-ke, waqhubeka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ukukhululwa eKönigsberg eyayizoba omunye izigaba ayisihluthulelo wakhe.

Ukulungiselela zokuzivikela lamaJalimane

Ngokushesha nje kwaba sobala ukuthi maduzane uzoqala ukulwa ukuze kukhululwe eKönigsberg, German High Command iyalele ukuqinisa ukuhlanganisa futhi liphambi komuzi cishe ungenakunqotshwa. Saqala ukwakha nemigoqo okwakuvinjwe ngayo.

Uveza yokukhulisa izinqaba kwemvelo edolobheni, ehlanganisa izindandatho ezintathu, elalizokwakhiwa e nezikhathi zomlando ezahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eKönigsberg ine zangaphandle ukuzivikela esiyingini lenqaba kahle enezivikelo eziqinile.

Kwathiwa kwenziwe nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva elandelayo kokubhubhisa okuyinto, ngenxa nokubhonywa zezindiza British kwaba eKönigsberg (1944). Ukukhululwa edolobheni wathembisa ukuba nzima kakhulu.

amabutho amaqembu

Liberation kusukela amaNazi eKönigsberg senziwa Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba umsebenzi kuphumelele eyenziwa iphansi kwesandla sika-Marshal Vasilevsky. Wabuye babe compounds kuncike, eliholwa uJenene Bagramyan. Cover esibhakabhakeni wayala Air Chief Marshal novikov. Kuyinto isenzo sabo esihleliwe ukuze uvikele ukukhululwa kwe eKönigsberg. Uyini icala phambi lo msebenzi? Iningi ngokujulile ehilelekile kwaba Belarusian wasithathu, umhla kwahlanganiswa Baltic 1st.

Inombolo ephelele amabutho aseSoviet ezathatha iqhaza ekuqhutshweni, kwaba abantu abayizinkulungwane 137. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-khona 2174 kwakukhona 538 izindiza kanye amathangi.

EKönigsberg ukuzivikela eliholwa uJenene Otto von Lasch Wehrmacht. At onawo wakhe kwaba abayizinkulungwane 130, engesiyo kancane kakhulu kunenani sokumelana amasosha aseSoviet. Kodwa emathangini futhi izindiza ibutho lamaJalimane kusayithi kakhulu bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi. Wayekhethe ngokulandelana, amayunithi 108 kanye 170.

Ngakho, lapho cishe alinganayo Manpower kulo mkhakha we-Army Soviet waba inzuzo okuphawulekayo ubuciko amaviyo Wehrmacht. Lokhu waphinda ubonisa umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi isimo ekuqaleni empini futhi isimo ezazikhona ngo-1945.

Ilindele ukuhlinzwa

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale yokukhululwa eKönigsberg, yena waba eyenziwa amabutho aseSoviet shelling izikhundla ebiyelweyo isitha. Kwangithatha cishe wonke ngesonto lokuqala Apreli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sase imali airstrikes zezindiza zethu izindiza ezizindeni amasu isingathwe kuleli dolobha. Noma kunjalo, ngamabhomu idatha ayemancane elimazayo kunokuba ukuhlaselwa izindiza British asenzelwanga bacishe bayifunda yonke 1944.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, amaJalimane wazama ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukulamula zonke iphutha endleleni yokubala ukuzivikela, owahlaba zikhali zaseSoviet.

ubuholi Wehrmacht uyaqonda ukuthi uma amadoda akhe ayengeke ukuvikela zonke intshi zomhlabathi iconsi lokugcina kwegazi, ukuze leli sosha lokugcina, izinsuku ezingu-Third Reich sika zibaliwe. Kodwa, njengoba siyazi kusuka emlandweni, ngisho nokwenziwa kwezingane umhlatshelo okungakaze kubonwe amasosha abavamile German bahluleka ukusindisa lo mshini ezinkulukazi kohlanga futhi yokucindezelwa ekubhujisweni.

idolobha Sturm

Khona-ke waqala ngokushesha, ukukhululwa eKönigsberg. Usuku lwango-April 6, 1945 kungukuqala ke.

Igalelo okubhekana ngesikhathi esifanayo evela enyakatho futhi eningizimu yedolobha. Usuku, njengenjwayelo, owaqala ngokuvukela amabhomu izikhundla isitha. amahora Eduzane nambili kosuku waqhubeka amathangi ecasula futhi iphathe elihamba phansi. A indima ebalulekile ukusebenza okunikezwe amabutho lokushaya, owanikela ngomnikelo omkhulu itjhaphuluko eKönigsberg (1945).

AmaJalimane enikeziwe ukumelana yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba, kodwa ibutho laseSoviet ubulala isithiyo ukuzivikela ngezindawo. sesitimela kanye ne-port uthunjiwe. On sipho lizinikele kuya amasosha Wehrmacht iphendule ukwenqaba juqu. Imizamo ukuhlela ukubaleka senziwa, kodwa amasosha aseSoviet ashaqe ingxenye isiJalimane, uhlose ukusebenzisa uhlelo ibe yinto engokoqobo.

Ekugcineni, ngo-April 9, 1945, General Otto von Lasch, ngoba siqaphela ukuthi ukulwa ngeke kubasize, wasayina umaluju, futhi wakhipha umyalo wokuba zonke amabutho ezazingagwetshelwe umyalo wakhe, ubeke phansi izikhali. Shanela emzini ngokungalilaleli oda amaqembu amasosha Wehrmacht baqhubeka ngosuku olulandelayo lonke.

Ngakho kwaba khona yokukhululwa eKönigsberg. Wanikwa amaJuda amabutho aseSoviet ukulahlekelwa sincane, kodwa lokhu neze ziphazamisa ukubaluleka kwalesi senzakalo kohlaka iMpi Yezwe II ngo ethile futhi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili iyonke.

ukulahlekelwa amaqembu

Phakathi ukusebenza ukuze kukhululwe emzini eKönigsberg, amasosha aseJalimane 42.000 ukubulala, mayelana 92.000 bathunjwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabutho aseSoviet ayeyithumbile izikhali, okungukuthi ayizinkulungwane ezimbili zasemahlombe wezikhali, 128 izindiza kanye 1652 nodaka.

Phakathi amabutho aseSoviet ukulahlekelwa zazincane kakhulu, ayengumyalo 3.200 fighters efile. Lokhu kwabonisa ukuthi ojenene yethu baye bafunda ukuthi iwine ngokunqoba hhayi ngenxa Umumo wezimpi kanye nabaningi masosha afile, njengoba kwakunjalo ekuqaleni kwempi, ngenxa khona uhlelo okhazimulayo senzo. Leli qiniso Waphawuleka iRed Army ngendlela qualitatively entsha.

Ukuze izakhamuzi of eKönigsberg isimo esifanayo wabheka nowokudatshukelwa okuningi. 80% umuzi wabhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele phakathi nokushaya esigamekweni sokuqhunyiswa esibhakabhakeni, kuhlanganise nalezo olwenziwa indiza Royal British ngokuhamba 1944. Kwabakhileyo 316.000 labantu eKönigsberg ekuqaleni kwempi, 200,000 kuphela ngakwesokunxele ngemva Storming komuzi, futhi ngokushesha bathunyelwa kwezinye izindawo.

ukusebenza Inani

Ngeqadi eKönigsberg eMpini Yezwe II kwamsiza kwakha zithuthukisa kusengaphambili obengeziwe ebuthweni laseSoviet. April 25, wahlulwa zokugcina eningi German lempi kuyo esifundeni - the Samland Iqembu Amandla. Kulesi msebenzi East-Prussian yaqedwa ngempumelelo.

izenzakalo Eminye zaziwa kubo bonke: ukuqhubeka Allied okuhlaselayo, le Storming Berlin, ukuzibulala kaHitler kanye umaluju ephelele eJalimane May 8, 1945. Yiqiniso, ukuze sifinyelele lo mphumela, ukuthatha omunye eKönigsberg kwakunganele, kodwa lo mcimbi - isixhumanisi ofaneleyo iketango ngokunqoba njengoba Battle of kwaseStalingrad, Battle of the eKursk Bulge kanye Allied kokwehla laseNormandy.

Ukubaluleka engavamile ngokunqoba ibutho laseSoviet ukuze Koenigsberg ubonisa kahle ukuthi ngesikhathi 24-isikhathi yayo volley kusukela 324 izibhamu lanikezwa eMoscow. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwamiswa ibheji ekhethekile (indondo) ukuvuselela inkumbulo lokhu impumelelo okumelwe asinike amabutho ethu impi mayelana iyiphi imininingwane, sikhuluma kancane ephansi.

Kaliningrad - edolobheni Russian

Isiphetho okwengeziwe komuzi eyaziwayo. EKönigsberg ngo-1946 iqanjwe kabusha Kaliningrad yokudumisa oshonile ngawo lowo nyaka, kusho umholi weqembu M. I. Kalinina, futhi likhona kanye nengxenye enkulu yaseMpumalanga Prussia, kuqala ku RSFSR, futhi ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union - ku Russian Federation. Iningi labantu German yesifunda wadingiselwa eJalimane. Le ndawo manje eyaziwa ngokuthi Kaliningrad, lalinabantu izakhamuzi nezinye izifunda zase-USSR, ikakhulukazi we RSFSR kanye Ukrainian SSR futhi SSR isi-Byelorussian. Umuzi Kaliningrad kabusha ngokushesha kakhulu, abantu abavela kulo lonke elase-Union wahlanganyela ekucwileni ezikweletini umonakalo ukuthi impi ulilethele.

Okwamanje, esifundeni Kaliningrad kuyinto esifundeni ebalulekile ezimbonini kanye resort we Russian Federation. Kutfutfukiswa isiqoqi sama-softwe kanye shipbuilding. Ngaphandle izikhumbuzo, okwamanje kukhona ubufakazi kancane ingcindezelo esidlule yama-Jalimane kule ndawo.

Indondo "Ngoba Ukuthatha ka eKönigsberg"

Kungakapheli izinyanga ezimbili ukuthunjwa edolobheni amasosha aseSoviet ngomthetho uhulumeni we-USSR isungule indondo ukuze kukhululwe eKönigsberg. It yethulwa ukuze bakhumbule feat fighters. Ngokwe umklomelo abanohlonze okwakufanele babhekwe njengabezinye abahlanganyeli e yokukhululwa eKönigsberg abathintekayo kusukela 23 Januwari kuya ku-10 April 1945 njengengxenye yaseMpumalanga Prussia ku Storming komuzi.

Indondo yanikezwa olwenziwa ngethusi. Kwaba ifomu kwendilinga. Ukuze "Ngoba Capture of eKönigsberg" ulotshwe ngaphambili ilebula. Sabonisa phezulu inkanyezi, futhi phansi - igatsha umfire. Ngemuva iqukethe usuku lapho kukhululwa kwebantfu Koenigsberg - April 10, 1945. I ububanzi we ibheji - 32 mm.

Kutholwe le indondo esifubeni sakhe, emva uphawu udumo ukuthunjwa Budapest futhi phambi nendondo ngenxa ukuthunjwa Vienna. Lokho, kulesi simo ngokuvumelana nohlelo lokulandelana kwezikhathi ukuxhumana isimiso.

Uhlu ukhishwa indondo amalungu ukukhululwa eKönigsberg

Kusukela yaqala ukuba khona, ningatholakala eziningi uthole indondo ukuze kukhululwe eKönigsberg. Uhlu awardees ngoba sonke isikhathi sidlula abantu 760.000.

Amadoda amaningi manje ungakhumbuli igama. Kodwa phakathi ngithola indondo babe babantu abadumile, ezifana Baykov evgeniy Grigorevich (uSergeant), Lapidus Viktor Lvovich (ULieutenant Kol) Neplyuev uValentina Fyodorovna (uSergeant), Rozhin Ivan Maksimovic (uSergeant), Statsenko Ivan Denisovich (Okwesibili uLieutenant), imfundiso kaZiqu-zintathu Viktor Pavlovich (usayitsheni), Hudyakov Nikolay vasilevich (ukhoporali), Yanovskiy Petr Grigorevich (uLieutenant Colonel), Mashanov Ivan Savvateevich (induna). Ukukhululwa iminyaka eKönigsberg 1944-1945 - Endabeni ngamunye wabo. Igazi kanye nokujuluka amadoda wafafaza Amasimu yaseMpumalanga Prussia. Ngamunye wabo nengxenye yokukhululwa eKönigsberg.

Sibalulekile axhaphaze lezi fighters, futhi amakhulu ezinkulungwane nangalabo esingase Awukwazi ukusho lapha. Medal yokukhululwa eKönigsberg, ingxenye encane nje kuphela indondo, okuyinto hola empini, benane ngazo impilo yakhe futhi ukuphila ukwenza umsebenzi.

Okwamanje, le umehluko ndondo azifele is hhayi lwenziwa.

Imiphumela

Omunye izikhathi ayisihluthulelo kwaqedwa seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili kwaba yokukhululwa eKönigsberg. Uyini phambi isikali yimpi ziye zenzeka on ensimini yaseMpumalanga Prussia! Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo operation eKönigsberg kuyinto isibonelo esihle kunazo zonke indlela nokulahlekelwa okungenani abasebenzi kungenzeka ithumbe umuzi kahle enezivikelo eziqinile.

Kuyinto ekunqobeni ibutho laseSoviet wawubalulekile kulo ukusebenza East Prussian nokuqinisekisa indlela ngaphandle kwezithikamezo ukuze Berlin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kokuphothula izimpi ngesikhathi eKönigsberg avunyelwe esikhathini esizayo ukufaka edolobheni futhi indawo ezungeze lapho isibuyele eRussia, okuyinto iyingxenye ebalulekile ye Kaliningrad esifundeni futhi manje.

Futhi-ke, ukuxhaphaza amakhulu ezinkulungwane fighters ukuchitha igazi yabo ngesikhathi edlwengulwa ka eKönigsberg, ngeke kukhohlakale. umhlatshelo wabo Motherland omkhulu uzokhumbula njalo.