Ukubheka yizinguquko kwezomnotho ka nineties

Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-amabili e-umphakathi Russian alupheli mpikiswano mayelana nesidingo nezinketho setingucuko olukhulu kwezomnotho okwenzeka nineties. Kwemibono polar.

Futhi yokwakha kabusha Gorbachev sika guqula Yeltsin sika, Gaidar, Chubais abanye e helluva eziningi izakhamuzi abafundile yezwe ngisho ngokuthi wobushiqela. Hhayi okuningi wacabanga phezu lisho ukuthini igama elithi.

I fascia, kwakhiwa okuyinto yi wobushiqela eside, ne kweqembu latyni-, kweqembu, kanye wobushiqela kuyinto isimiso sezombangazwe esibonakala ngokuqina ubunye phakathi kwabantu, Party nomholi iqembu isimo. Okuthile ajwayelekile, akunjalo?

Futhi lokho kuyinto umsunguli wobushiqela, Benito uMussolini waba ngowokuqala ahlele isiko ekhaya amakilabhu amateur, ukuphumula amakhaya kanye sanatoriums izisebenzi. Wabe waboleka kokubili Stalin kanye Hitler ...

Awu, kulungile, hhayi ngalokho. Umnotho uStalin waboshwa kuphela ukukhiqizwa lempi, esekelwe olunzima isiyalo, ukuze, futhi lapho "unogada ekhathele" iba inoperative. Amanothi indodana Beria, kukhona ulwazi kakade Lavrenty Pavlovich kuhlelwe okuthile okunjengesizwe sokuvuselelwa nep, kodwa akwenzekanga lokho.

Nikita ezinye kwekuhlela kabusha futhi wathumba kodwa zibuye zesabe nangapha, ngenxa usolwa ngokunikela ukuzikhethela. Nokho abanye ukuxegiswa emkhakheni wezombusazwe, esikukweleta kuye.

Wazala futhi waqala kabusha kwezomnotho kanye Kosygin, Undunankulu ngaphansi uBrezhnev. Luhilela ukunciphisa okuphawulekayo izibalo kuhlelwe, ukwanda ukuzimela kwezomnotho wamabhizinisi. Kusukela amazwi umfowabo Kosygin Gvishiani, ngesimo sengqondo esihle kakhulu kuleli fomu sobunikazi, njengoba izinkampani okuhlangene isitokwe.

Kodwa ukuphikisa ukuze uBrezhnev, Suslov nezinye amalungu Politburo abavunyelwe ukuba afeze kabusha.

Labo ngomusa bayabubula izikhathi Soviet, bekholelwa ukuthi kuleyo minyaka wayelingana ncamashí wawulotshwe emakhasini "Iqiniso", Ngincoma ngokuGugula "Diary of Yuriya Nagibina". yimpumelelo kakhulu, caressed umbhali Soviet umbuso waqhubeka idayari ngokwakho, ningathembi ukubuyiselwa shicilelo. Kushicilelwe ngu izihlobo ngemva kokufa kwakhe kakade nineties. Kukhona mifanekiso ecacile kakhulu Ezolimo we Russian asemaqaqasini yoma.

Umbhali ala imigqa kwenzekani kusukela Eighties we ninetieth iyokwakhiwa CPSU, futhi izikhathi ezimbalwa emihlanganweni Party ukuzwa "avaliwe" (Nokho. Lase bazitshela ukuthi akusiyo ngabantu bangaphandle izindlebe) uhlamvu leKomiti Central we CPSU amalungu Party. Leitmotif izinhlamvu kwaba okufanayo: emnothweni ngemilenze yayo yokugcina. Nokho, into kuphela lokho CC wanikela ngalo ukuqinisa nokujulisa ...

Andropov liqala ukubusa waqala ukusebenzisa ngcono inkokhelo, kodwa incane kangangokuba, futhi leli gama ehhovisi likaNobhala Jikelele omfushane ukuze ...

Ngakho-ke, Gorbachev liqala ukubusa, akunakwenzeka ukuba ushintshe noma yini. Wavele wayengazi ukuthi. Esikhathini ayisishiyagalombili nesithupha Paris "Matin" Mina yashicilela isihloko ngokwengxenye lapho ebhala ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa futhi baqonde pokumekat e-USSR, ukuthi ngaphezu kwekuhlela kabusha emakethe, has akukho okunye. Ngokusobala, "Pravda" yanyathelisa wenqaba uthukuthele ...

Gorbachev njalo okuphindaphindiwe njengenkundla mantra, esinayo ukufakazela izinzuzo zomlando zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni, ngokuphelele bengazi ukuthi bakuphi.

Uma sicabanga ukuthi ngaphezu ngokucijile falling in ekwindla ka amanani kawoyela ayisishiyagalombili nanhlanu, yena ngokwakhe bancishwa ngisho kwesabelomali vodka, kusukela anti-utshwala umkhankaso, futhi wenqwaba ihlelwe futhi "intuthuko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe", ihambisane nohlelo ukumnika eningi imali imishini, okuholela engakaze ibonwe izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali untwisted, nato kwamaSoviet kufihlwe.

Okungukuthi, ngamanani njalo kwezimpahla zomphakathi ngokwabo wanyamalala. Futhi dollar, okwabangela inhlekelele ngaphezulu ku 86th ku ngomgunyathi 4 ruble, in the 90 th kwaba kakade 20p., Ngo-August, 35p 91-go-.

Futhi endaweni ethile ehlobo lika ayisishiyagalombili nesishiyagalolunye umkhakha cishe kuyekile ukusebenza. Zazingekho ngemihlomulo, ruble uye ehlisa ngokwaso njengoba yokukhokha, njengazo zonke noma SLE, noma ngempahla.

Hhayi ukuba okungenasisekelo ... Ngo '91 umbhali wasebenza co-op, esenziwe engagqwali tank. Asazi ukuzidayisa ngoba ruble, awumdingi kithi, abakwazanga ukuthenga lutho. On amandla umklomelo amapulazi inyama Leningrad Region, amaqanda ...

Ngo-November '91, lapho Yeltsin esimisiwe undunankulu Gaidar, igolide kanye lwemali izinqolobane Russia ngokusho emithonjeni ehlukahlukene kwaba 16- 50 million. ruble. izibalo engenangqondo ukuze zwe elikhulukazi.

Futhi kwadingeka ngenze okuthile, futhi ngokushesha, funa izwe wayelindele incithakalo nendlala.

Isinyathelo sokuqala kwakuwukunqoba Gaidar sika ukuxegiswa amanani, ukwenza ruble yokukhokha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha kokuhlala kwawo ngamandla, Gaidar akazange uzitholele imali, ukuwa kwamandla emali wayengekho. Dollar, okuyinto izindleko ngoJanuwari 92nd 120 k., Ngo-June abiza 90R. Cindezela ukuqalisa phansi, ukuwa kwamandla emali untwisted, ezazingena uhulumeni Chernomyrdin.

Nokho, futhi azimele ka Chubais ekugcineni. Esikhathini umkhakha 91 th wema, isithakazelo ukukhiqizwa kwanoma yiphi umuntu. Ukuze uphinde uqale ke, kwaba nje kudingekile kumnikazi.

Kuthengiswe ngemali kungasho ukuthi impahla ngabe zamhambela izinkampani Western ukuba ne uhlobo zabo zemali wayengekho lapho, ayebonakala kamuva maphakathi nawo-nineties. By the way, ubhiya, kagwayi, kuyinto neminye imikhakha eminingi ukudla-umkhakha kwenzakaleni: baye bahamba izinkampani lwaseNtshonalanga. Kodwa umkhakha osendaweni ezibalulekile uwoyela wamupha.

Ingabe okuhle? .. Ikampani yangasese kulawulwa kangcono priori ngaphezu kuhulumeni. Inzalo ka isimo kuyafana ukuthi we sobstvennika- yangasese ukuthi wathola inzuzo ngaphezulu emafeni ukuthi isimo kungathatha intela eyengeziwe.

Kanjani kunzima ukwahlulela. Uhlelo lwe-capitalism Russia lalizonqotshwa bebheke phambili iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Kodwa kule minyaka kuye kwaba ngamanani aphansi ngendlela engavamile uwoyela. Lapho ekhula, waqala ukunyakaza maqondana ukufakwa kwezimayini kuhulumeni reverse emnothweni, ukubuya ukuze isimo amafa, ukudala gos.korporatsy.

Nakuba lokho esinakho namuhla phezu umbono siqu ungcono e kwamaSoviet. Ngokulandelayo, sibonga yizinguquko kwezomnotho, sisalokhu wangenela. Into esemqoka kungaba ukuze siqhubekele phambili, hhayi emuva ...