Imfundiso uBrezhnev

"UBrezhnev Imfundiso" yaqale evezwa iphephandaba "Pravda" e kude ngathi ngo-1968. Ingqikithi oyinhloko eningiliziwe emayelana nemfundiso kaZiqu wamnika igama lesibili - ". Imfundiso kaZiqu kobukhosi kungagcini"

Ukuze uqonde okushiwo ngalo mkhuba omusha, kubalulekile ukuze ubuyele emuva kwesikhathi ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili, okuyinto kakhulu ushintshe ibhalansi amabutho e-Europe. Ngemva kokuphindela eSoviet Union wahlulwa wobushiqela, akungabazeki ukuthi waqala ukutshela izimo ezithile emkhathini. Lokhu yabonakaliswa ngokuyinhloko ekusakazekeni lokwakuvamile eNtshonalanga Yurophu nasemazweni ekuqiniseni isikhundla amabutho pro-lamaKhomanisi ku amaphalamende ithi ezifana eCzechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, njll Yugoslavia kuphela isikhathi sokusukuma ekubusweni lamaKhomanisi futhi ngokushesha umkhankaso we-vector bebheke emazweni eziphambili zama-Capitalist. Amazwe athile aseMpumalanga Yurophu ukuba uthuthukise control kuye kwahlanganiswa kwaba ubuhlobo entsha yezempi - ATS - Inhlangano ye-Warsaw Treaty, kwavela ngo-1955. Lokhu kuzokwandisa aqembuka le yezwe yezombangazwe enkundleni: amaqembu alwayo emibili eyayihluke kakhulu, i-capitalism kanye ekamu sezenhlalo. Ithoni kwekamu sezenhlalo njalo ucele abaholi eSoviet Union. Leonid Ilich uBrezhnev, inqubomgomo angaphandle ephinde Sibhalwe isigxivizo sobuntu bakhe, kwaba okufanayo. Kwakuyisikhathi inkambo entsha, okuyinto ihlukile isiqondiso osopolitiki langaphambilini, njengoba yayakhiwe ukubonakalisa amaphutha Stalin futhi Khrushchev.

Yiziphi izici Yiqiniso? Inqubomgomo angaphandle uBrezhnev ngokuyinhloko igxile ikhuluma kanye disengagement kusukela ashisayo izingxabano zomhlaba. UBrezhnev wayenesineke ngokwemvelo sezombusazwe kunalokho baqaphe, ngaphezu, ekupheleni kokubusa kwakhe, ngemuva kokuxinwa yisifo sohlangothi, wazama ukuba ahileleke ezimpikiswaneni ezinkulu phakathi imidondoshiya yaleli zwe. Ezimweni eziningi, leonid Ilyich kuphela uvumelana sobala, izixazululo okuqinile okuhloswe ngaso ukujabulisa. Labo kumalungu aleli qembu eminyakeni yamuva ayesezithendeni uBrezhnev akazange olokotha aye ezingeni omhlaba ngenqubomgomo yayo yangaphandle - zithanda "usuqala ukubusa" emazweni akubo. imfundiso uBrezhnev kwadingeka sici esisodwa ngaphezulu - collective izinqumo. Ezimweni eziningi, kwaba ungumkhohlisi okuqinile, njengoba sonke izinqumo babe umholi, kodwa umphakathi wezwe lonke kwaba isinqumo emazweni amaningi. Yiqiniso, ukuthi ngaphandle nibonakala kubukeka kakhulu yeningi, kodwa kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi zonke lezi mazwe amaqembu ukuba Warsaw iSivumelwano Inhlangano, okusho - Onodoli eSoviet Union.

Ngaphandle, lezi zinqumo abangu osekelwa olwalusikisela enkulu ngemibono. imfundiso uBrezhnev yayakhiwe womfelandawonye izizwe yaseMpumalanga Yurophu eyakhululwa ayeyizidalwa uyazi: inqubomgomo angaphandle of the Union - kuba inqubomgomo nemave yesigaba sabasebenzi, okusho - ukulingana, ubukhosi kanye ukuzimela. Ngakho-ke, zonke amasheya aphethwe likahulumeni waseSoviet, babebhekwa njengabantu ngempela kulingane, ngoba kwenziwe ukuphishekela ukuthi ukulingana esifanayo, ubukhosi kanye ukuzimela. Futhi yekela ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ngoba wokuthatha amagadango othile wayetshale ukusebenzisa ngebutho lempi, njengoba kwakwenziwa Poland, Hungary neCzechoslovakia.

Enye insika lapho imfundiso uBrezhnev - ukushintsha isikhathi ifreyimu ukufeza nobukhomanisi. Kunalokho, yona ubukhomanisi, okwakukhona kusukela esikhathini V I. Lenina, manje ukubizwa ngokuthi socialism yathuthukiswa, futhi enikufezayo yayo nokunwetshiwe phambili amakhulu eminyaka. Lokhu sekwenze kwaba lula ukufihla eziningi ukwehluleka namaphutha ngokuya emnothweni, okuyinto manje ayisekho abantu baseSoviet wathembisa ikusasa eliqhakazile eminyakeni eyishumi noma amabili. Kutibophelela eside isikhathi socialism kwahlongozwa L. I. Brezhnevym ukuba aphile ngokuthula nangokuzwana emazweni ezinhlobo ezahlukene zentuthuko, isibonelo, i-capitalism. Lokhu ebangela ukubekezelelana uBrezhnev kuya emazweni asethuthukile yeYurophu, Kuhlangana esebenzayo nabanye babo.

UBrezhnev imfundiso samanje asambulile zonke caricature wabo we okushiwo, kodwa ngeminyaka yoma kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule kwaba ukuthuthela abanekhono futhi elungile amasu, esangenza ukugwema okunye izingxabano ezinodlame kanye ukuqondisa yenqubomgomo Union angaphandle busebenze elinokuthula.