Izinhlamvu zemali eJalimane. zemali esiyisikhumbuzo eJalimane. Izinhlamvu zemali eJalimane ngaphambi 1918

Umlando isimo German bekulokhu elikhanyayo nobungqabavu njalo. Omunye umbusi esikhundleni enye, zemali ubudala kwathathelwa indawo nge omusha futhi efanele. Kungaba okungalungile ukukhuluma mayelana Germany kanye zemali zayo esimeningcondvo umlando isimo.

Periodization ngokufunda umlando eJalimane. zemali

Izinhlamvu zemali eJalimane zingahlukaniswa zibe nezikhathi ezinhlanu zomlando:

1. Empire German (1971-1918).
2. Weimar Republic (1919-1933).
3. KwamaNazi Okwesithathu (1933-1945).
4. GDR (1949-1990).
5. DE (1949-1990).

Zonke izinhlamvu zemali zabashintshi lezi zikhathi Inani le-numismatists yangempela. Abaqoqi zama ukuqoqa zemali isikhathi esisodwa noma esifundeni eJalimane, ukuze kamuva kwaphenduka iqoqo ngokugcwele.

Amanani zemali German akuzona kakhulu. Lokhu kuvumela ngisho numismatists imfundamakhwela iqhaza lokuqoqa. Imali eyigugu kunazo zonke emlandweni-German - isikhathi uhlamvu lwemali ye-Third Reich, okuyinto zakhiqizwa ezifundeni ezinabantu.

Izinhlamvu zemali eJalimane ngaphambi 1918

Isikhathi yomlando German phambi 1918 - umbuso. Kuyo yonke le minyaka ukhona 47, amakhulu ezinkulungwane zemali ezazenziwa. Bonke sihluke kakhulu sawo indawo, par intengo ingxenye kanye impahla kusukela lapho kwenziwa. Kusukela lezi yizinkomba encike ngqo kwi intengo zemali-German.

Zemali kanye izitembu Germany kuze 1918, inani ngokulinganisa of izitembu kubalwa 2-3-5 nge e eni of the Dukes. Okuphambene kwaba kuwo wonke zemali okufanayo. It wayechazwa ukhozi imperial of the Empire, isiJalimane kanye nombhalo Deutsches kwamaNazi.

Izinhlamvu zemali eJalimane ngaphambi 1918 wenza zegolide nezesiliva 900-Carat. I ebaluleke kunayo kubo:

• 2 brand 1901 (esiliva);
• 10 brand ngo-1878 (legolide);
• 20 1872 (legolide).

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uhlamvu lwemali sesithathu isisindo 9 amagremu kanye olunyathelisiwe amakhophi 100 kuya. Lokhu kubonisa a ukufuneka kakhulu lwemali futhi intengo yaso ephezulu emakethe.

Umlando laseJalimane lobuNazi zemali

History of the Third Reich (1933-1945 GG.) Ingabe egcwele idrama kanye ngamandla zezenzakalo ezingokomlando. Awukwazi ukuthatha imali nokubaluleka kwayo ngaphandle kwenzalo ngekwesimongcondvo zomlando.

Numismatists ukulinganisa izinhlamvu zemali zabashintshi Third Reich kuphezulu kakhulu futhi kuyabiza. Izinhlamvu zemali laseJalimane lobuNazi ngokuthi Pfennig.

Uhlamvu lwemali lokuqala esikhishwe Hitler ngo-1933 - 4 reyhspfenniga. It kubalwa indinganiso ukhozi isiJalimane-swastika entsha amaNazi. Yena luhlobise imali German kuya ku-1945.

Ngo-1933, it saphela Mint imali esiliveni isiJalimane, futhi aqala ukubhala amanye amagama izinsimbi kushibhile zemali. Nokho, amaJalimane awukanikezi phezulu minting segolide zemali. Lokho zemali zegolide ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamaNazi, kukhona okubalulekile ofuna ukukuhlanganyela uhlamvu abathelisi. Ziyakwazi eziningi limited futhi ube nesikhathi ongeke Isisindo esivamile 5 amagremu ngegolide elihlanzekile.

Kukhona zemali ivelakancane nge umfanekiso Third Reich phezu obverse kwe-Adolf Hitler.

Izinhlamvu zemali zabashintshi iFederal Republic of Germany

Uma isimo lephelele German lahlukaniswa ngenxa kwezepolitiki futhi izibhelu lempi. Manje, iNtshonalanga Jalimane kwakukhona abanye zezombusazwe kanye yemali. Ensimini ka-GDR kwangena ekuphileni kwansuku zonke sha, futhi eJalimane - pfennig.

Umlando malini eJalimane (1949-1990 GG.) Khona Sithomako nezinguquko yemali ngo-1949. Pfennig uyingane yokutholwa ngokuthi uhlamvu lwemali main weRiphabhulikhi.

Kakhulu zemali esibalulekile emlandweni GDR engunyaza ngo-1949. Kwakuwusuku kwizinto zokuqala esiyisikhumbuzo, kubalwa eziningi limited.

ayenza lezi Iningi beshumayela eJalimane sanikezelwa 1972 Olympic Imidlalo ngonyaka. Bakhandwa ukuthengwa njengoba isikhumbuzo futhi izipho zempahla abathandekayo. Kwakuyisikhathi boom kanye esiqongweni umsebenzi numismatists futhi abaqoqi. Coin ngenkuthalo bengavumelani hhayi kuphela ensimini ka-republic, kodwa futhi phesheya.

Izinhlamvu zemali German Democratic Republic

Ngaphambi 1949, endaweni German Democratic Republic banikezwe njengoba imali Reichsmark, ranentnye brand kanye Allied Command. Kungaba yiphutha uma ezintathu kazwelonke lwemali amayunithi ayalingana nomunye lisetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Lena esingesihle futhi ngeke usebenze.

kabusha yemali kwenziwa ngo-1948, owawuthi insimu ka-GDR ezazikhuluma kuphela uphawu isiJalimane pfennig. GDR wenqaba kwenziwe izinhlamvu of amatshe ayigugu (zegolide nezesiliva) ukusetshenziswa serial. amatshe ayigugu ezazenziwa zemali esiyisikhumbuzo kuphela eJalimane.

izikhathi DM GDR ungenalo lenani eliphakeme. Yokuqala intengo 20 ruble zemali. Le nqubomgomo zamanani kuyokwenziwa wahlanganyela lokuqoqa numismatists ngisho lutho.

Uhlamvu lwemali ezibizayo kakhulu GDR - 10 brand ngo-1981, lapho zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso uphenyo ngoba minting zemali chungechunge. Kwakuthinta esizinikezele 'iminyaka engu-700th Berlin Mint "futhi wenziwe yakuthatha.

zemali esiyisikhumbuzo Germany

Emlandweni eJalimane, zikhona izikhathi ehlanganiswe hhayi kuphela emakhasini izincwadi, kodwa futhi ku imali yomphakathi.

Ikakhulu German esiyisikhumbuzo uhlamvu lwemali emamaki kungukuthi ngobuningi. Okukhishiwe zemali ezazenziwa 1972 Munich Olympics. Khona-ke amakhophi angaba ngu-30 000 ayizinkulungwane badedelwa. Ngenxa yalokhu hype futhi mass round zemali esiyisikhumbuzo intengiso iphansi.

zemali esiyisikhumbuzo Germany - ezingabizi futhi kufinyeleleke anhlobonhlobo numismatists.

• 20 izitembu ekhishwe ngo-1971 i-engu-100 kwasungulwa ukuzalwa uHenry. Inani - ruble 300-400.
• 20 izitembu ekhishwe ngo-1972 lapho kuhlonishwa Friedrich von Schiller. Inani - ruble 300-400.
• 20 izitembu ekhishwe ngo-1973 lapho kuhlonishwa Otto Grotevolya. Inani - ruble 300-350.

Germany zemali esiyisikhumbuzo bayindlala zobuciko eyimfihlo umlando German kanye kulesi sikhathi samanje.

Izitembu - inzuzo noma wokuzilibazisa?

Collector - lokhu akulona njalo owenza into yakhe siqu futhi siluhlanganyele ngoba nje befuna ukuzijabulisa. Eqoqela zemali lasendulo - ingenye izinhlobo amabhizinisi akhe asathuthuka e-Inthanethi.

Kuyinto evamile ukutshala hhayi kuphela e izibambiso (esikhathini eside, Ayoletha imali kamuva), kodwa zemali. Kuphephile bayasho Empeleni - ngentengo yabo kuzokhulisa kuphela unyaka ngamunye.

Ake ucabange. uhlamvu lwemali Trial kumaka-Third Reich yashicilelwa edition elinganiselwe futhi siba esibaluleke kakhulu. Okwamanje, kukhona is akulindelekile amathuba nachekanit ezengeziwe sesivivinyo ka-Third Reich zemali futhi. Bayoba kuphela uthole ezibizayo. Abanikazi lwalezi zinhlamvu kuzobonakala kuphela acebile.

Zemali, izitembu eJalimane manje - akusiwona nje umdlalo, kodwa futhi utshalomali ezinengqondo esikhathini esizayo.

isiphetho

Saxoxa nzima indlela zomlando yaseJalimane amanothi asebhange, okuyizinto ezihlobene isimo. Umlando othakazelisayo eJalimane ikuvumela ukubona inqwaba zemali okukhethekile futhi esiyisikhumbuzo emakethe ezazenziwa behlonipha umcimbi noma umuntu omkhulu. Bona bayindlala ezinhle phakathi uhlamvu lwemali abaqoqi ngokuqondene intengo imali futhi izinga. Kuyi-Internet, ungakwazi ukubona inqwaba amasayithi ngokuthi "Izinhlamvu eJalimane", okunikeza amathuba ukuze uqedele okwenzayo kuthenga. Lokhu kubonisa ukuhlobana zemali German emakethe.

Modern German euro-zemali kukhona izinga hhayi ephansi. Manje ngokuya uhlamvu lwemali abaqoqi ukuthenga zemali yesimanje nesiJalimane. Kubo, sekuyisikhathi eside ngomumo endaweni ekhethekile abaqoqi albhamu. manje zemali Modern Bathengisa at nemigomo yalo bokuzisholo. Uma ziba umlando ayenza lezi eJalimane, okuyiwona amakhasimende azimisele ukukhokha imali ngaphezulu.

Khumbula, lokuqoqa zemali - kuba wokuzilibazisa esingakulethela imali eningi. Ukuqoqa enengqondo, isithakazelo futhi inenzuzo.