I-Car ZIS-5: imininingwane, incazelo kanye nedivayisi

Namuhla, amaloli asetshenziselwa ukungena ngemvume. Ngosizo lwabo baletha izimpahla ezahlukene noma unikeze ngezinsizakalo zokulethwa ezahlukene. Izimoto zanamuhla ezinezikhwama ezinkulu zinezobuchwepheshe zamuva - lokhu kuvumela induduzo, kanye nokuphepha komshayeli. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Elikhulu, izimpahla zenziwa ngamaloli. Bahlanganyele ekulethwe kwezikhali, izinhlamvu, ukudla kanye namanzi. Yini eyayidla ukulethwa kokudla kuphela ku-Siege of Leningrad. Enye yalezi yiloli eliyingqayizivele leZIS-5. Mayelana naye futhi kuzoxoxwa ngakho.

Le moto enekhono lokuthwala amathani amathathu kwaba ngowesibili ekukhiqizeni okuningi. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, wayeyingxenye enkulu kakhulu. Sakha lesi simodeli embonini yaseStalin kusukela ngo-1933 kuya ku-1948.

Ukulungiswa kwengane

Ekuqaleni, i-Otokar yayiyisibonelo saseMelika, esingaziwa kakhulu futhi esingaziwa kakhulu, esasiya ku-AMO. Kwakulula kakhulu ekuklanyeni, futhi izindleko zayo zaphansi, okubaluleke kakhulu.

Futhi ngonyaka ka-1931 iMoscow Automobile Society yaphumelela yaba yimanje, futhi ngenxa yamandla omphakathi aqala ukuhlanganisa i-AMO-2 entsha. Imoto yakhiwe ngesisekelo sezinyunyana zaseMelika nezingxenye. Kwabe sekukhona okuningi ukuguqulwa. Umuntu angakwazi ukukhipha i-AMO-3. Lelilili linamandla okukhokhela amathani angu-2.5 - futhi eminyakeni engu-33 yabuye yavuselelwa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, lesi sitshalo saqanjwa kabusha, igama elisha iStalin Plant. I-ZIS-5 yakhiwe ngesisekelo se-AMO-3, kodwa kuphela kwisisekelo sekhaya.

Esigabeni sokuqala kwakukhona amakhophi ayishumi kuphela. Umhlangano wokudlulisela umasipala wasungulwa ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-33 ngaphandle kokukhiqizwa kwemoto yokuhlola. Ukuklama kwakulula, ngakho kwakungekho ukusebenza kabi ngesikhathi semhlangano. Kulolu chungechunge, imoto yasungulwa ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.

Igama layo elidumile, futhi igama lalo alilutho ngaphandle kokuthi "i-tonk emithathu", iloli le-ZIS-5 litholakale, ngenxa yokusebenza kwalo. Amadoda aseBlack Army abiza umshini ngenhlonipho - uZakhar Ivanovich.

Ngokuqondene nomklamo, akufani nezezinye izinhlobo zemihla yempi. Lona yi-classic yembonini yezimoto. Onjiniyela abahamba phambili bahlanganyela ekuthuthukisweni , futhi umsebenzi wenziwa cishe ngokuphelele. Ukugcizelelwa okuyinhloko, okwakumi phambi kwabanjiniyela, kwakungcono ukugcinwa nokugcinwa okulula. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakudingeka ukuthuthukisa izici zobunikazi kanye nomthamo wokulayisha.

I-ZIS-5: idivayisi

Ukuklama kwakulula, uma kungenakuqala. Umshini wawukhona izingxenye ezingu-4 500. Zakhiwa ikakhulukazi zensimbi, izinsimbi nezinkuni. Ungakwazi ukuqeda imoto ngamathuluzi amancane. I-Hardware ne-fasteners zazingamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye, futhi kwakungenakwenzeka ukuphula intambo kubo. Le divayisi yasetshenziselwa ukubheja okungu-29 kuphela.

Kodwa kuzo zonke izinto zayo ezilula ZIS-5 (imoto) yayiyizinsuku zangempela ngalezo zinsuku. Esikhathini kwakukhona isiqalo segesi, i-diaphragm uhlobo lwepompoli yephesolini, itanki lokuphehla ngaphansi kwesihlalo somshayeli. Amafutha ashintshwe ngemuva kwe-1200 km, futhi engakapheli 600, njengamanye amamodeli. I-mileage ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulungiswa okukhulu kwakuyi-70,000 km.

Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo

Phakathi nokuthuthukiswa, onjiniyela bahlakulela futhi basebenzisa injini entsha ye-ZIS-5 egangeni. I-AMO Z, ne "American" yayine-cylinder eyisithupha "Hercules". Wanikeza amahhashi angu-60 ngo-2000 rpm. Ngokuba "uZakhar Ivanovich" lo mkhono awukwanele.

Ngakho-ke, kunqunywe ukwandisa ubukhulu bama-cylinders. Umphumela waba yimpumelelo - umthamo wenyuka waba ngama-76 amalitha. Nge. Ngakho, "i-tonk ezintathu" yaba enye yamaloli anamandla kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi.

I-unit unit yabonakala enokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Wasebenza ngokulinganayo kunoma yikuphi uketshezi. Wayengasebenza ngempumelelo ngisho nase-parafini. Lapho kushisa, akuzange kuqhumeke kakhulu kune-petroli.

Ebusika, i-unit yaqala, ethela i-petroli encane ibe yizilinda. Ukwenza lokhu, kwakudingeka ngiphinde ngiphambukise ama-plug spark. Khona-ke amakhandlela abuyiselwa emuva, futhi emva nje kwalokhu kusetshenziselwa umshini wokugcoba. Akudingeki ukuthi, i-unit yaqalwa cishe ingxenye yesigamu.

Ukuthutha

Ibhokisi legiya elidala ne injini entsha yenqabe ukusebenza, ngakho-ke kwakudingeka ngidale ngokushesha ukuklama. Ngakho-ke, sithole ibhokisi legiya elisha lezimoto ezine, hhayi ezintathu, njengoba kwakunjalo kumodeli wangaphambilini. Isilinganiso segiya laleli bhokisi laliyi-6.6, futhi kugiya eliyinhloko leli nani laliyi-6.4. Lokhu kwavumela i-ZIS-5 ukuthi idonsa i-trailer ngamathani angu-16, kuyilapho isivinini sejinini singama-1700 rpm, futhi ijubane laliyi-4.3 km / h.

Ukudluliselwa kokuqala kusetshenzisiwe kuphela ngaphandle komgwaqo, noma kwimithwalo esiphezulu. Ngendlela, ukudlula kweZIS-5 kwakungcono kakhulu. Injini esheshayo, ukudlulisa ngempumelelo, imvume enkulu ye-260 mm. Imoto ingayidonsela lapho abanye bebambe khona.

Ama-gears esibhekeni sokuklama okusha ahlanganiswe ne-shaft ephakathi hhayi ngokujwayelekile, kodwa ngosizo lwezitshalo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa ukulungiswa kwamagesi.

Imodeli eyedlule evela "Brown and Lipe" yayineklamo elula. Kukhona lapho amagiya atshalwa khona endaweni yesikwele.

I-propeller shaft engathembeki, eyayinezinwele ezintathu kanye nokusekelwa okuphakathi, yaguqulwa ibe yinto elula. Behluke ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Kwakulula futhi kuyabiza ukwenza.

I-Chassis

Abaningi babeqiniseka ukuthi i-chassis kuleli lori ibuthakathaka. I-Rama yayinzima ukuphuka, ayizange iguqe. Noma kunjalo, kungase kube lula kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma isondo elilodwa lishaya umgwaqo.

Iziphepho ezinzima azenzi lutho. Futhi ukuqina okunjalo kwakutholakala ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokuphathwa kokshisa. Amapulangwe, kanye nezinye izingxenye, azixhunyiwe ne-spars yi-welding yendabuko, kodwa zathandwa. Uma wenza ukulungiswa usebenzisa imishini yokudonsa, khona-ke yayiwubuthakathaka kakhulu.

I-Cabin

Phakathi nempi, onjiniyela babhekana nomsebenzi wokwenza lula ukwakhiwa kwekhabishi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kwaqala ukwenziwa ngamapulangwe, kanye neplywood. Amaphiko ayenziwe ngokuguqa, ngenkathi yangaphambi kwempi abanjwe isitembu. Ukukhanya okukwesokudla kwaqedwa. Ngemuva kwempi, imishini yabuyiselwa evamile.

Ukuhlolwa komgwaqo kwakungalungile njengamamodeli yanamuhla, kodwa kwakungenakuningi okwakungayikhetha ngaleso sikhathi. Mayelana nenduduzo ayikwazi futhi ukukhumbula. Ukuze uvumelane phakathi kwesondo lokushayela nesihlalo somshayeli, udinga ukugqoka kakhulu. Ukugxiliswa komsindo emotweni kwakungekho-ukuzwa i-interlocutor, kwakudingeka ukukhamuluka.

Ikhompiyutha yayinezinhlelo zokuphuza umoya, kodwa kwakungekho isitofu. Futhi uma izibuko zishisa, kwakudingeka sisebenzise umoya wokuphuza umoya. Kodwa-ke, leli chabishi laliphephile ngokomoya ngokwemvelo - kwakukhona ukuphahlazeka okuningi.

Isistimu ye-Brake

Amabhuleki anamuhla okufakelwa ngamanzi ayenziwayo emklamo ayikwenziwanga. Banikezwa, kodwa ngezikhathi zempi kwakungekho inani elifanele lokwephuza amanzi. Ngakho-ke, iloli lingabhalwa ngamabhuleki angemuva. Ngendlela, iloli laphule injini ngokuphelele. Kuyadingeka ukuthi umshayeli kuphela anciphise ukucindezela phezu kwegesi, noma ukususa kuso umlenze njengemoto lapho bese wehliswa phansi. Ngemuva kwempi, ama-hydraulics asanda kufakwa.

Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe

I-ZIS-5, imodeli yama-30-ies nge-volume unit yamandla ka-5.5 amalitha, ingaveza amandla angu-73 amalitha. With, emva kokuqedwa - 76, nangemva kwempi - ama-85 amalitha. Nge. Ukudluliselwa kwejubane ezine kuvunyelwe ukuhamba kahle. Isisindo seloli ngu-3,100 kg, futhi isivinini esiphezulu esasifinyelele sasingu-60 km / h. Ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli kungashintsha kusuka ku-30 kuya ku-33 amalitha ngamakhilomitha angu-100.

Ngenxa yomklamo walo, umshini ungadlula kalula amahlombe kuze kufike ku-0.6m ejulile. Ukuphakama okuphezulu ngokulayisha okugcwele kunama-15%. I-tank fuel yayinomthamo wama-60 amalitha.

Isosha, isisebenzi esinzima, umlando

Ngomnyaka we-1941, ukuhlasela kwemoya kwenziwa eklasini elibizwa nge-A.Ya. Stalin. Yayihlelwe ngokuphelele ukuba iphume yonke ukukhiqizwa. Ngo-42, le nkinga yaqala kabusha. La malori enza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ngemuva nangaphambili. Kwakungekho amabhasi okwamanje, futhi abantu abangu-25 bangangena emzimbeni wale moto. Babephethe izinhlamvu, imishini ehlukahlukene. Lezi zimoto zaxosha amasosha e-Red Army eBerlin futhi emuva.

EMoscow, iloli lakhiqizwa iminyaka engama-48. I-batch yokugcina yayine-unit entsha - i-ZIS-120. Ingqikithi eSoviet Union yenziwa ngamakhophi anjalo ayizigidi. Le moto imayelana ne-toiler enesizotha ngesehlakalo eside kakhulu futhi esidideka kakhulu. Namuhla, lawa asatholakali emigwaqweni. Zilondolozwe kumamyuziyamu noma kumaqoqo abucala. Uma ufuna ngempela, ungenza imodeli encane yemoto ye-ZIS-5. Imidwebo ikhona esihlokweni sethu - lo msebenzi othakazelisayo kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, sithole umlando wendalo nezici zezobuchwepheshe zeloli le-VMS.