Aleksandr Fodorovich Kerensky: Biography, ukuhlolwa ubuntu

Ngo-October wangonyaka Revolution nokuwa ithonya Russian Empire ku emlandweni wezwe, indima ebalulekile kulezi zinhlelo kudlalwa Alexander Kerensky. inqubomgomo Biography ups egcwele nezinto ezinhle nezimbi. Ukuhlola zobuntu bakhe namanje kuyindaba zokuphikisana kumibuthano zomlando zezombusazwe. Nokho, ukunqabela okukushoyo ngoba umlando Russia akunakwenzeka.

umsuka

Alexander Fedorovich okhokho kwakungekaNkulunkulu abefundisi. Ngokusho inqubomgomo yakhe, bonke okhokho, okuyinto aziyo ukuthi esontweni. Ngenxa yalokho, wahlala endaweni esifundazweni Penza, ngoba kukhona edolobhaneni kerenki. Izazi-mlando ukuxhuma igama Kerensky nale ethnonym. uyise ka-Alexander, kanye nabo bonke abafowabo, langena sabefundisi. Noko, libandla akunjalo ayemphefumulele. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, waqala ukufundisa. Futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile waphinde wathola imfundo ephakeme e Kazan. Umama ka-Aleksandru Fedorovich kwaba noblewoman sitholwa njengefa. Uyise wayebambe iposi okusezingeni eliphezulu eMnyangweni neMpi. Umkhulu ithole inhlanhla walo. Ngakho-ke, umshado wakhe nge uthisha Kazan kubange ukungqubuzana nomkhaya wakhe.

Alexander wakhula

Fedor Kerensky, by nje kwaqondana, ngisho ngaphambi kokuzalwa kuka-Alexander wafundisa ezinye sezombusazwe owaziwa futhi izinguquko - UVladimir Lenin. Amabili imindeni (Ulyanov Kerensky) enakekelwa kobungane nobudlelwane futhi ngokuvamile okuxhunywana nomunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Fedor enakekela izingane emva owamazibulo we Ulyanov wabulawelwa umbuso. Ngenkathi izihlobo kweziboshwa zezombusazwe kwakunzima kakhulu ukuya esikoleni ehlonishwayo noma ukuthola umsebenzi wombuso. Lenin wakwazi ukuya sibonga inyuvesi ngokuyinhloko izincomo zakhe uthisha.

Ngonyaka ayisishiyagalombili nesishiyagalolunye Kerenskys umkhaya wathuthela Tashkent. Lapho, u-Alexander ifunda esikoleni. Anakho isithombe umfundi uphumelele. Yena othanda esebenza futhi udlala umculo, ngokuvamile onengxenye imikhiqizo amateur. Wathweswa iziqu esikoleni esiphakeme nge wendondo yegolide. Ngemva kokushikashikeka unyaka wonke Petersburg University ithola umfundi omusha - Alexander Kerensky. Biography sezombusazwe kuye kwanqunywa kusengaphambili kuyinto umfundi.

Inguquko lokuqala

Ngo-1904, Kerenskiy Aleksandr Fodorovich iziqu Faculty of Law futhi ngaqala ukusebenza njengomeluleki nommeli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona wayezijwayele ne Socialist. Ngosuku lwesishiyagalolunye Januwari ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi ngomnyaka wesihlanu isifika udwendwe kuya Winter Palace. Abantu abavamile wafuna ukuveza kahle kwabo kanye ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe yezwe kumbusi. Nokho, le mashi obunokuthula ngesihluku ukuyiveza ngamabutho futhi Cossacks. Against labo izishoshovu owasinda "ngeSonto Bloody", zobulelesi yayimiswe. Alexander Kerensky bajoyine inhlangano abameli ukuthi ukuvikela ummangalelwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Kerensky wabhala izihloko ezihlukahlukene cindezela sezenhlalo. Elinye iphephandaba, okuyinto eyanyatheliswa okuqoshiwe Alexander - "Petrel" zazihlolwa. Ukuze ummeli eze imvume yokusesha, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho kutholakala isikhali kanye amapheshana ambalwa wamavukelambuso. Ngemva kwalokho waboshwa. Kerensky igcinwe Kresty eyaziwa kuze entwasahlobo, ayisishiyagalolunye nesithupha. Ngemva lo myalo watholakala, kodwa nokho ethunyelwe Turkestan.

E Tashkent, umndeni ababaleki zezombusazwe kusukela enhlokodolobha ayihlalanga isikhathi eside. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezine, Kerensky wabuyela Petersburg. Naphezu izinsongo ezivela amaphoyisa, futhi kube sekudingiselweni yamuva ka-Aleksandru ubuyela iqhaza kulenqubo ye resonance. Kulokhu, udlala indima yokuba umvikeli we abalimi abaningana ababehlangene beguduza izigodi. Kufika ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi yeshumi ehilelekile nolunye uvivinyo ephezulu iphrofayela eziningana.

Ngo-January, Kerenskiy Aleksandr Fodorovich babe barristers. I-aphoyintiment kakhulu ededela ummeli. Uyaqhubeka ukubamba ulayini ukuvikela Socialists mbuso. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kulesi sikhundla iba Ukuvikelwa ikhanda Turkestan SRS. Naphezu izibikezelo silahle ithemba, ke uphatha ukuvikela abamangalelwa esijezisweni sokufa.

Ngakusasa ephezulu iphrofayela Isivivinyo sika-Alexander kwakunjalo we ezizivelelayo Armenia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uphenyo baqala ukudubula abalimi Lensk, okuyinto wathola impendulo yonke-Russian. Ngemva kwalokho, amaphoyisa aqala cindezela bonke abameli kanye abaqavile emphakathini, ababe ohlangothini abasebenzi abasesitelekeni. Ngokuphambene ingcindezi njalo kusuka kuhulumeni, u-Alexander Fedorovich ukuphatha bese ukuhambisa olunye isikhundla esiphakeme umsebenzi. Ngomnyaka wetshumi lantathu, wakhethwa Usihlalo Okwesine iCongress of abasebenzi wezoHwebo, kuba Kerensky. Biography of the Echelon phezulu Inqubomgomo iqala ngemva kwalesi aphoyintimenti. Ngemva konyaka, u-Alexander wakhethwa ukuba Duma State. Kuleli qophelo, kufanele aphume eceleni SR, njengoba benquma duba kokhetho. Ngakho-ke Kerensky eyakhelene elaziwayo elincane Trudoviks party, ukuthi ngemva konyaka, yena amakhanda.

Okufakiwe ku ephalamende

umsebenzi Political ku Duma, umholi we Trudoviks inika isikhalazo ezibanzi ukuze nezazi nabantu abavamile. Amakhono akhe ubugagu baba nomhawu amasekela bazo zonke izinhlangano kwesokunxele-wing. I izinkulumo evuthayo ummeli wangaphambili zihlale maphakathi ukunakwa newsmen. Ngaphezu imisebenzi Duma yena ubuye ilungu inhlangano Grand Orient paramasonskuyu. I yagxila leli qembu engaziwa nezinye izindawo zokulala kwaba ngenqubomgomo. Ngonyaka nesithupha, U-Alexander waba omunye osopolitiki waseRussia evelele kunazo zonke. ukuphila Kerensky sika kunzima kakhulu. ingcindezi njalo, amaphoyisa kwezobunhloli, impilo ebuthaka ngokuvamile iholela iloli sezinzwa. Mayelana nempilo ebuthaka ukukhunjulwa njengombulali ababephila Kerensky, nakuyo inzalo yakhe. egciniwe, okuyindawo kulandela ukuthi u-Alexander uye waquleka ngokuphindaphindiwe kusukela sebuhlungwini obunzima. Kodwa waqhubeka ukusebenza.

Ngonyaka nesithupha impi Russian ekucindezela zonke ayo. Okuyinto ephambene nomthetho ku ukwenqatshelwa yekucasha lwebantfu bemdzabu, uMbusi uNicholas enquma viva Turkestan, ukuze ayibususi ngaphambili. Bendzawo iyaphendula ukuvukela isinqumo esinjalo. Ukuphenya lesi sigameko Duma kudala umsebenzi okhethekile, eliholwa Kerensky. Esefikile Tashkent Alexander ngokungananazi uthi bonke basola ubudlova elala Wezangaphakathi futhi izikhulu zikahulumeni zendawo. Lesi sitatimende onesibindi buthola uzwela kusukela Liberals futhi ukuphikiswa umbuso kwamanje.

Februwari revolution

Ngu ngomnyaka weshumi nesikhombisa Russian Empire negagasi ukunganeliseki umbuso tsarist. Qala imibhikisho imibuthano. Abasebenzi lokuteleka. Isimo sikhanya njengoba lenqwaba ababehlubukele kusukela front. abalimi Simple abaqondi ukuthi kungani empini, lapho amakhulu ezinkulungwane amasosha bayabulawa nsuku zonke. Esikhathini echelons ephakeme kwamandla uqale ukukhuluma mayelana kokugumbuqelwa autocracy. Omunye wabasekeli ehamba phambili efana shintsho olukhulu kuyinto Kerensky. Biography wamavukelambuso iqala Februwari enkulumweni yakhe edume ku Duma. Wayephikisana obala ubiza disobey umyalo wombusi, eqinisweni - okuphambili indaba yokuqeda ezingokomzimba abasekeli autocracy. Iqala zabhikisha. Against izifiso Duma Nicholas II kudala uhulumeni wesikhashana, okuhlanganisa Alexander Fedorovich. Wayevame ukhuluma ngabe kuya kubantu abavamile. Ngezenzo ngokuxhumana abaholi bamaqembu ahlomile amavukelambuso.

entwasahlobo nesikhombisa ophethe okuthunyelwe UNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa. Njengoba ummeli wangaphambili, ukuthi kahle ababeyizazi butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela lwetemtsetfo of the Empire, Russian. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha uqala kwekuhlela kabusha ngokugqamile. inqubomgomo Kerensky libhekene isinyathelo esiwujuqu. Ekhululwa ejele bonke Abavukeli. Eziningi zalezi becindezela ebuya izixhumanisi futhi ngokushesha saqala ukuthi bazimbandakanye ngokunamandla ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe.

Izinguquko ezinkulu enkantolo uhlelo. Ezaqedwa ngo etinkantolo letiphakeme, kukhona kabusha amajaji. Abahluleli abaningi kanye abashushisi ukuze uchithe. Kanti kwezinye izimo, inkolelo lunga izigijimi ezilahla abameli.

inkonzo yezempi

lempi Imisebenzi Kerensky yaqala ngemva Uhulumeni Yesikhashana nobukhulu bale nkinga. Allied Entente amandla waphoqelela Russia baqhubeka iqhaza empini. Nokho, Socialists abantu abaningi abakubheka njengomklamo umbono ezibucayi. Ngenxa yalokho kokungqubuzana Kuqubuka okusongelayo ukuhlukanisa. Kodwa amandla kufika ku ezivuna futhi kudala Duma womanyano. Alexander F. uthola okuthunyelwe kukaNgqongqoshe neMpi. Ngo isikhundla sakhe esisha, kanye owedlule, iqala kwekuhlela kabusha emikhulu. The izikhundla ezibaluleke kakhulu ngabangane bakhe. Esikhundleni ojenene abanolwazi ukubeka abantu owaba nengxenye Februwari Revolution. Iposi ka uMkhuzi is kuyanda ku Brusilov abantu.

Nokho, ukushintsha isimo phambi ojenene entsha bengayi. amabutho Russian siqhubeke sithela ukulahlekelwa omkhulu. Amagobolondo zisekhona akwanele. Ngemva izinguquko lempi nezinkweli kuyadamba eyala amasosha asuka ngobuningi. Enye yezindlela aphume lesi simo Kerensky. Uhulumeni wesikhashana, ukuze ngandlela-thile ukumisa amabutho abaleka, kudala ekhethekile yokuzithandela "ukufa squads." Wahlela ukuba khona amayunithi ezinjalo uzoba impumelelo ze elwa umoya bayobuyela phambi.

Ukuthandwa omkhulu phakathi kwabantu

Ngalesi sikhathi Kerensky athandwa kakhulu eRussia. He is umdlali njalo emihlanganweni, ethi izinkulumo ezivutha njengomlilo. Isixuku uyalithanda. Alexander F. kahle anakekela ngomfanekiso wakhe "izwi labantu." Yena wenza ngendlela yezempi jacket isitayela ogqoka kwekhanda esifushane, ejwayelekile isisebenzi abavamile. Nokho, ukushisekela wamavukelambuso luyaphela. Leli zwe crisis eqinile umnotfo kanye nesakhiwonchanti setenhlalo. Ezindaweni eziningi Kuqubuka ukusweleka kokudla. kabusha Bold yempi, okuyinto ekuqaleni kwase kubonakala abantu ngokuvunyelwa, ungazange ayithelanga neminye imiphumela. Lokhu crisis sisetshenziswa amaBolshevik. Abantu baqale ukusakaza amahemuhemu athi uhulumeni wangena isivumelwano oMfelandawonye futhi uzimisele ukuba ayokulwa kuze kube sekupheleni. izindaba ezinjalo akuyona kakhulu emehlweni abantu phambili. Abaningi babenethemba lokuthi babengeke bakwazi ukubuyela ekhaya ngemuva kokugumbuqelwa autocracy.

Kerensky futhi 1917

Ngo-July, u-Alexander Fedorovich iba uNdunankulu. Yena kusekelwa yiPhalamende. Inhloko kahulumeni Kerensky iqala okuhlaselayo ngezihluthu. Nokho, ifofobaliswa ibutho ayikwazi ukulwa ngempumelelo. I okuhlaselayo kushabalele. Ezinye ojenene wathumela amasosha enhlokodolobha ukusungula uhulumeni wobushiqela wezempi, futhi "ukubuyisela oda". Nokho, uhulumeni wesikhashana ayivumeli ukudlula amabutho YaseCrimea Jikelele Petrograd.

Lenin futhi Kerensky ezimelene nomunye. Ngo-October, kuba sobala ukuthi amaBolshevik babelungiselela ukusebenza. Ibutho ekugcineni yahlakazeka. Amasosha yonke indawo ihlelwe lynchings ashaqa amandla. Alexander F. chaza ephalamende bese empeleni uba umashiqela. Ngalesi sikhathi ama-bagqugquzela kwamaBolshevik usethe impi abantu ukuba bavukele. Ngaphansi igunya Uhulumeni wesikhashana uhlala amayunithi cishe combat-ngomumo, okungase ukumelana ukuvukela. Kerensky is ngokuphuthumayo ngoxoxisana amabutho isikaniso e Petrograd ngasohlangothini lwabo, elibangela ukuba baqedele kwathatha ekamu wamaKhomanisi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Winter Palace ukuthi nswí. Alexander F. waphunyuka ngalobo busuku. Ukuhlolwa ubuntu Kerensky sika ne-American inxusa isikhundla kwaba kanje. Njengoba kwaphawula ohlakaniphile, nonguSihlalo kahulumeni hhayi kuphela wabonisa amakhono ubuholi esimweni esibucayi, kodwa futhi walwa kuphela isithombe sabo. Noma yimuphi izikhonzi owayenganikela ukuthandwa phakathi kwabantu wayethethelela ngokushesha ukuxoshwa.

Flight futhi ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe

Ngemva amaBolshevik ashaqe amandla Petrograd Kerensky wasebaleka esuka edolobheni. Wancenga ojenene ahlukahlukene, kodwa akekho akalamukelanga. Ngenxa yalokho, siqondiswe enyakatho. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, u-Alexander ifika Finland. Khona egijima e-London. Uqala i kwezombusazwe phesheya. Libhekisela osopolitiki Western Europe ne amathuba kokungenela ngokushesha eRussia. Uhlala e-Paris. Ngemva ukuthunjwa edolobheni amaNazi siphela futhi, kulokhu e-United States. Ngo ekudingisweni, yona ukuphila ngokuvumelana ayisishiyagalombili nesishiyagalolunye. Wembelwa e-London.

Ukuhlolwa ubuntu Kerensky sika

Imibono ephathelene Aleksandre Fodoroviche ziyahlukahluka. Abasekeli uhulumeni wamaSoviet kanye Okthoba Revolution, i-populist cabanga kuye ngumkhapheli abantu. umsebenzi wayo ukalwe njengoba esiphikisayo wamavukelambuso. Izimpawu Kerensky phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet zazingakhi kakhulu. Wabalwa unecala ezibucayi kanye kulwiwa. Nokho, sixties babe izinkulumo mayelana nokubuya kwakhe kungenzeka i-USSR. Nokho, abazange baphumelele. mlando leftist uyavuma ukuthi u-Alexander wayezifunela udumo kakhulu futhi ohahela amandla.

Soviet umbuso okubhekenwe nabo bayakholelwa Kerensky ngumkhapheli. Nokho, kulesi simo, egxekwa kuthiwa yokungenzi ngomzuzwana nzima Russia.