CNS isifo izinsana: izimbangela, izimpawu, zokwelapha, imiphumela

A usana akakabi izitho bakheké ngokuphelele futhi izinhlelo, futhi ekunqanyulweni kumiswa kuthatha isikhathi esithile. Kungenxa inqubo ekukhuleni komntwana futhi kwakhiwa futhi ukuvuthwa isimiso sakhe sezinzwa. Grudnichka isimiso sezinzwa esiza ekulawuleni impilo evamile yezwe lakhe.

Kwezinye izimo, kungase kutholakale ukuthi une ezisanda kubelethwa CNS lesion ukuthi kwenzeka muva nje kaningi. isimiso sezinzwa zokucindezela kungabangela nemiphumela engathi sína futhi ushiye ingane ekhubazekile.

Izici isakhiwo isimiso sezinzwa sosana

Baby kuhlukile omdala hhayi umehluko zangaphandle kuphela, kodwa futhi isakhiwo umzimba, njengoba zonke izinhlelo kanye nezinhlaka azikakabi bakheké ngokuphelele. Phakathi ukwakheka kobuchopho kwengane liphinyiselwe ikhaliphe unconditioned. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa, anda amazinga izinto esilawula hormone obhekene ukusebenza isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wonke ama-receptor kakade athuthukiswe kahle.

Izimbangela CNS isifo

Izimbangela Nezingozi imithelela CNS izinsana zingase zishintshe kakhulu. Izinto eziyinhloko okubangela ukungasebenzi isimiso sezinzwa yilezi:

• yokushodelwa umoya, noma hypoxia;
• lokuzalwa ukuhlukumezeka;
• ukuphazamiseka umzimba evamile;
• izifo ezithathelwanayo, lapho zaphathwa khona umama okhulelwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Yokushodelwa umoya, noma hypoxia, kuphakama esimweni nokuthumba owesifazane owayezithwele, ezindaweni eziyingozi, e izifo ezithathelwanayo, ngesikhathi ukubhema, isisu odlule. Konke lokhu kuhlukumeza kwegazi jikelele kanye igazi elingenawo umoya ukugcwaliswa, futhi ingane ithola umoya-mpilo ne egazini likamama.

Enye yezinto okuholela kokunqotshwa isimiso sezinzwa, ukulimala lapho umuntu ezalwa ezibhekwa njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlukumezeka kungase kubangele kuphula umthetho we-nokuvuthwa nokuthuthukiswa okwalandela isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko.

Ukuphazamiseka umzimba evamile kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo njengoba ukuntuleka komoya. Ngu iziyaluyalu dysmetabolic futhi kuholela yizidakamizwa nokuluthwa utshwala, umama okhulelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nomthelela isimiso sezinzwa kungenzeka kokuthola imithi izidakamizwa ezinamandla.

Ezibucayi ezingenzeka embungwini kungaba izifo ezithathelwanayo kuchubekele umama esizayo ngesikhathi ingane esindayo. Phakathi kwalezi izifo kudingeka ukuhlonza herpes ne-rubella. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuba yinoma yisiphi amagciwane abangela izifo futhi gciwane avuse izinqubo engelapheki ongathandeki isidumbu sengane. Empeleni, izinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa zenzeka ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Izinkathi ukugeleza pathologies we CNS

Syndrome ukuhlulwa futhi acindezele isimiso sezinzwa luhlanganisa eziningi uthi sokugembula okwenzeka utero, nalapho esesikwa, futhi amahora okuqala angu-zokuphila grudnichka. Nakuba kunezinkolo izici eziningi ungalokothi uphuze lesi sifo isehlane 3 kuphela nezikhathi, okuyilezi:

• acute;
• ukutakula
• isifo umphumela.

Ngo kwenkathi ngayinye, lo sezinzwa umonakalo uhlelo e izinsana has ukubonakaliswa emitholampilo ahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane zingase inhlanganisela syndromes eziningana ezahlukene. Kobukhulu ngamunye syndrome esilazayo ukunquma kobukhulu ukulimala isimiso sezinzwa.

Inkambo okukhulu lesi sifo

isikhathi olunamandla ihlala isikhathi esingangenyanga. ukugeleza Its encike ngqo kwi izinga lomonakalo. Ngo izilonda omnene waphawula ilihlo, anda excitability Izinzwa ikhaliphe, ukuthuthumela kwesilevu, abukhali engalawuliwe esitho ukunyakaza, izinkinga zokulala. Ingane ngokuvamile ukukhala okukhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu.

With an kobukhulu isilinganiso ukwehla motor umsebenzi kanye muscle ithoni, ingqondo, amandla, ngokuyinhloko abancela. Lokhu isimo umntwana kufanele waziswe. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala izimpawu ekhona ekuphileni kungase kuthathelwe indawo hyperexcitability, cishe ibala angenisa ukukhanya, regurgitation njalo futhi ukuvuvukala. Ngokuvamile, ingane kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini - syndrome hydrocephalic elinesimo ukwanda okusheshayo e ikhanda selilonke, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, fontanelle iqhubu, ongaziwa iso ukunyakaza.

Lapho olunzima ngokuvamile equlekile. Lokhu inkinga kudinga ukuhlala wengane esibhedlela ngaphansi kweso udokotela.

isikhathi nokuvuselelwa

CNS isifo izinsana phakathi kwesikhathi yokutakula has syndromes:

• anda excitability;
• epilepticus;
• motor thuthuva;
• imisiwe kwengqondo.

Ngo ukwephulwa eside imisipha ithoni ngokuvamile kukhona ukubambezeleka of kwengqondo futhi khona iziyaluyalu motor imisebenzi, esibonakala by ukunyakaza okungalindelekile, cuphuluza zokunciphisa imisipha isiqu, ubuso, nemilenze namehlo. Lokhu kuvimbela ukunyakaza okunenjongo kwengane evamile.

Ngezinye ukubambezeleka kwengqondo ukuthuthukiswa grudnichok iqala kamuva kakhulu ukubamba enhlokweni yawo, uhlale, ukuhamba, ukukhasa. Futhi, akudingeki inkulumo enhle ebusweni, isithakazelo kwehliswa amathoyizi, ukukhala ababuthakathaka, alibale ukuvela Ukuphoshoza futhi Gulen. Izinhlelo ezinjengalezi ukubambezeleka kwengqondo yengane kumele wazise abazali.

Umphumela lesi sifo

Cishe esikhathini esingangonyaka iba CNS kubonakala izinsana, nakuba izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo kuthiwa yaphela kancane kancane. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi egeleza zokugula iba:

• ukubambezeleka entuthuko;
• hyperactivity;
• syndrome cerebroasthenic;
• isithuthwane.

Ngenxa yalokho, kungenzeka-cerebral palsy nengane ukukhubazeka.

Perinatal CNS

Perinatal CNS umonakalo e izinsana - a elithi collective kusho ukuhlukumeza we ukusebenza kwengqondo. ukwephulwa ezinjalo zenzeka kokubeletha, intrapartum nesikhathi ezisanda kubelethwa.

Yabakhulelwe iqala kusukela ngesonto 28 wokukhula kwengane esiswini, futhi iphela emva kokuzalwa. Intrapartum ihlanganisa inkathi ukulethwa kusukela ekuqaleni ukugeleza zomsebenzi futhi kuze kube ingane izalwe. isikhathi Neonatal kwenzeka ngemva kokuzalwa futhi libhekene grudnichka lithathelwe zezemvelo.

Isizathu esiyinhloko esenza kukhona perinatal CNS umonakalo e izinsana, kuyinto hypoxia, okuyinto eba lapho ukugeleza sokukhulelwa okungekuhle, ukulimala lapho umuntu ezalwa, asphyxia, izifo ezithathelwanayo umbungu.

ukulimala kobuchopho Imbangela ezibhekwa ekungenweni intrauterine, futhi ukulimala lapho umuntu ezalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube umgogodla cord yokulimala ukuthi kwenzeka uma umuntu elimele ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

Izimpawu kwezincwadi kuncike ezintweni kwesikhathi lesi sifo futhi ngezinga yokulimala zaba namandla kakhulu. Ngenyanga yokuqala ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana kukhona isikhathi sibi lesi sifo libhekene sezinzwa uhlelo ukucindezeleka futhi hyperexcitability. Kancane kancane ukubuyela esimweni esivamile imisipha ithoni. Izinga lokwehliswa ixhomeke sezingeni ukulimala.

Ukuthi uyagula namanje esibhedlela udokotela-neonatologist. Lo chwepheshe uqhuba luhlolo olunzulu ingane futhi ngesisekelo ebufakazini obutholakalayo of izifo. Ngemva osenyameni evela esibhedlela ingane ngaphansi kweso isazi sezinzwa. Ukuze izifo olucacile kwenziwe ukuhlolwa hardware.

Ukwelashwa okufanele kwenziwe amahora zokuqala ngemva kokuzalwa futhi uphethwe. Ngendlela oyingozi yokwelapha yenziwa ngokuqinile esibhedlela ngaphansi kweso njalo odokotela. Uma lesi sifo has a Yiqiniso omnene, ukuphathwa engenziwa ekhaya ngaphansi kokuqondisa isazi sezinzwa.

Isikhathi yokutakula Kwenziwa icubungulisise, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kanye nezidakamizwa zokwelapha ezisetshenziswayo izindlela sokuvivinya umzimba ezifana Physiotherapy, ukubhukuda, ukwelashwa manual, ukubhucungwa, ukusifundisa ukukhuluma amakilasi. Injongo eyinhloko yalezi zindlela iyona ukulungiswa yentuthuko engqondweni nasemzimbeni ngokuhambisana nezinguquko ezihlobene nokukhula.

Hypoxic-ischemic CNS

Njengoba ngokuvamile kuba hypoxia kuphakamisa ukulimala isimiso sezinzwa, ukuthi wonke umama okhulelwe kumele wazi ukuthi kuholela hypoxia futhi kungagwenywa kanjani. abazali abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi iyini sezinzwa umonakalo hypoxic-ischemic uhlelo e izinsana. NoBukhulu izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo incike ubude hypoxia ingane e utero.

Uma hypoxia yesikhashana, nokuphulwa ayibi mibi kangako, kuyingozi-mpilo indlala, baqhubeka isikhathi eside. Esimweni esinjalo, kungenzeka iziyaluyalu ukusebenza ubuchopho noma ngisho ukufa ezinzwa. Ukuvimbela iziyaluyalu isimiso sezinzwa ezinsaneni owesifazane ngesikhathi ukuzalwa kufanele kube Ukulalelisisa kakhulu isimo sempilo yakhe. Uma usola khona izifo ukuthi avuse hypoxia fetus, kufanele ngokushesha ubone udokotela ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa. Ukwazi ukuthi iyini - hypoxic-ischemic sezinzwa umonakalo uhlelo e izinsana, futhi yiziphi izimpawu zesifo, kungavimbela okuvela isifo phakathi ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi.

Amafomu ngezimpawu zesifo nesenzakalo

CNS isifo izinsana singenzeka ngezindlela eziningana ezahlukene, okuyilezi:

• lula;
• isilinganiso;
• esindayo.

ifomu Ezintsha libhekene i excitability ngokweqile Izinzwa ikhaliphe, ababuthakathaka imisipha ithoni kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ngezinsuku zokuqala zokuphila. Ungase wamukele strabismus ezihambayo noma okungalungile, ezulazulayo ukuhamba zamehlo. Emva kwesikhashana, kungase kube ethuthumela kwesilevu nezitho zomzimba, kanye ukunyakaza ukubuyisa.

ifomu Isilinganiso inezimpawu ezifana yokuntuleka imizwelo yengane, abampofu imisipha ithoni, ukukhubazeka. Kwangathi ukuzwa sokuwa ukuzwela ngokweqile, ukunyakaza okungalindelekile samehlo.

ifomu Sinzima libhekene ukungakhuli ezinzima isimiso sezinzwa ukucindezelwa yayo kancane kancane. Kubonakala ngesimo sokuwa ukwehluleka kwezinso, iziyaluyalu emathunjini, uhlelo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, umgudu wokuphefumula.

ukuhlola

Njengoba imiphumela umonakalo isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko kungaba yingozi ngempela, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuxilonga iziyaluyalu. Izingane ezigulayo liziphathe uncharacteristically izinsana ikakhulu ngenxa yalesi sizathu qiniseka ukubona udokotela lapho izimpawu zokuqala zesifo i inhlolovo kanye nokwelashwa alandele-up.

Ekuqaleni, lo dokotela uhlola kuzalwa, kodwa ngokuvamile lokhu kunganele. Ngesikhathi izinsolo kancane khona udokotela zokugula esabela computed tomography, ultrasound ukuhlola, kanye-X ray. Ngenxa uphethwe eziyinkimbinkimbi kusheshe sibone inkinga futhi babanikeze ukwelashwa usebenzisa izindlela zesimanje.

Ukuqhuba ekwelapheni CNS

Ezinye izinqubo sokugembula emzimbeni, ebeleni, esigabeni eziphambili kungenzeka engelapheki, ngaleyo ndlela edinga izinyathelo esiphuthumayo futhi ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi. izinsana kufanele kuthathwe ezinyangeni zokuqala ezimbalwa ekuphileni, njengoba kule nkathi umzimba grudnichka ukwazi ukubuyisela ngokugcwele ezilimele kokusebenza kwengqondo.

Ukukhubazeka e isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko uqondiswa ngosizo imithi. Lihlanganisa izidakamizwa ukuthi ngcono ezinzwa cell umsoco. Izidakamizwa ukufukula kwegazi asetshenziswa ngesikhathi ukwelashwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kunganciphisa noma ukwandisa imisipha ithoni.

Ukuze izingane ogulayo bakwazi alulame ngokushesha, lihambisana yokwelapha imithi isetshenziswa yokwelapha osteopathic futhi Physiotherapy. Ukuze nokusizwa kwalabo abangaboni Yiqiniso kuboniswa massage, electrophoresis, Reflexology namanye amacebo amaningi.

Ngemva kuqiniswa of isimo somntwana uhlelo ngazinye asekelayo yokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi uyazifeza zokuqapha njalo ngesimo ingane. Kuwo wonke unyaka, sihlaziya Dynamics isimo somntwana, kukhethwe ezinye izindlela zokwelapha izici, iqhaza ekululameni ekuseni futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono adingekayo futhi elisheshayo.

Prevention CNS

Ukuvimbela okuvela isifo sína futhi eziyingozi, kubalulekile ukuba bafeze zokuvimbela grudnichka CNS izilonda. Ukuze wenze lokhu, odokotela batusa ukuhlela sokukhulelwa kusengaphambili, ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi kudlule Luhlolo edingekayo, bayeke imikhuba emibi. Uma kunesidingo, ukuphathwa namagciwane Kwenziwa, wenza zonke nemigomo edingekayo, kanye kujwayeleke ngemuva kwama-hormone.

Uma CNS grudnichka ukunqoba kodwa iphutha, kubalulekile ukusiza kuzalwa amahora yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe futhi afeze ukuqapha okuqhubekayo umntwana.

Imiphumela CNS

Imiphumela kanye yezinkinga CNS izilonda e usana Ingaba yinto engathí sina kakhulu, yingozi impilo nokuphila, futhi eshiwo ifomu:

• amafomu okunzima kwengqondo;
• ukuthuthuka kwemizwa ezinzima, i-cerebral palsy,
• isithuthwane;
• kusilela zezinzwa.

I ukuthola esifike isifo futhi ukwelashwa esiqhutshwa kahle kungasiza ukuqeda izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo ukuvimbela izinkinga.