Izinkinga zoHulumeni oPhezulu

Izinkinga zempi zagxila futhi zandisa yonke imibuzo ephathelene nokuguqulwa kuka-1917 . Ngalesi sikhathi, isimo sezenhlalakahle nezomnotho saqala ukuwohloka, isimo sengqondo sokuhlukanisa ezindaweni ezikude zezwe saqala ukukhula, izidingo zamasonto eziguquguqukayo zakhula, okwaholela ekutheni unganeliseki, njengoba bekungenzi lutho. Lesi simo sasisetshenziswa yiBolsheviks ukuqinisa inzondo yabantu ngabantu bendabuko nabakhululekile. Bathembisa ukwaneliseka okuphelele kwezidingo zabantu ngokudala inguquko yezenhlalakahle ezosiza ekuqedeni impi futhi idlulisele umhlaba kubalimi.

Ngesikhathi sokuvukela umbuso, uhulumeni waseTsarist waqothulwa, futhi ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kwakhiwa uHulumeni oPhezulu. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sonke sokuphila, izinkinga ezintathu zoHulumeni oPhezulu zenzeka, ngayinye yazo yayisinde futhi iqine kuneyaphambilini. Ngenxa yalokhu, ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba uhulumeni omusha wadalwa, okuthiwa i-Directory, eyayihlanganisa nabantu abahlanu. Kodwa zonke lezi zenzakalo azange zibe nomthelela ekupheleni kwe-revolution, kodwa kuphela ukuyiveza, ngenxa yalokho amalungiselelo aqale ukuthatha amandla.

Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe izinkinga zoHulumeni oPhezulu.

1. Inkinga ka-Ephreli yabangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa kwezenhlalakahle ezweni, okwandiswa ngenxa yesitatimende sikaMilyukov mayelana nokuqhubeka kwempi nokugcwaliseka kwazo zonke izinto zesivumelwane sohulumeni we-tsarist. Zonke lezi zenzakalo zaholela emihlanganweni emikhulu, ngenxa yalokho okwadalwa ukubambisana, okubandakanya kokubili i-capitalists kanye ne-socialists. Le nyunyana ithembisa ukuqala izingxoxiswano ekuqedeni impi, ukuthuthukisa izinguquko ezintsha nokusetha ukulawulwa kombuso ekukhiqizeni.

2. Izinkinga zoHulumeni oPhezulu (May-July 1917). Inqubomgomo yombumbano yabangela ukuqhuma kokunganeliseki, ngenxa yalokho ukubonakaliswa okukhulu okuhlomile kwaqala ePetrograd. Lokhu kwasetshenziswa amaBolsheviks, enenhloso yokuhlela ukulwa nombuso omele. Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni ushaya lolu daba ngokusungula ukucasula ngaphambili.

3. Izingxabano zoHulumeni oPhezulu (ekuqaleni kukaJulayi 1917). Inkinga kaJulayi yaqala ngokukhululwa kwamaCadet avela kuhulumeni. Ngaleso sikhathi i-rally yezempi yabasebenzi yabanjwa enhloko-dolobha ukuze kuvezwe uhulumeni omusha waseSoviet, okwaholela ekufeni kwabantu abaningi, futhi kwakhiwa umthetho wokulwa edolobheni. Ngokumelene nokuhlukunyezwa kweBolsheviks kwaqala, uHulumeni Wesikhashana wafaka isigwebo sokufa ngaphambili.

Le nkinga yabhebhetheka ngemuva kokunqotshwa kwebutho laseRussia kanye nokubuyela emuva, futhi kwaphela ekudalweni kwamabandla amasha kanye namabutho aphikisayo. UHulumeni Wesikhashana wazama ukuqinisa isimo futhi ahlangane nempi yezombangazwe, kodwa ayiphumelelanga. Ukuhlangana okusha kwaphela inyanga kuphela.

Izinkinga zoHulumeni Wesikhashana zaphela ngo-Agasti 1917 okuthiwa yiCornilov mutiny, ukucindezelwa okwakushintsha isimo kulelizwe, futhi ithonya lamaBolshevik landa.

Ngakho-ke, uHulumeni oPhezulu kanye namaBolsheviks basize ekuvimbeleni ukuzama ukukhishwa nguKornilov. Ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, isinqumo seBolsheviks samukelwa, kanti izinkinga zoHulumeni oPhezulu we-1917 zanikele ekuqiniseni isimo kulelizwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, inani lamaBolsheviks emphakathini landa, futhi iqembu ngokwalo lazuza igunya phambi kwabantu.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uHulumeni Wesikhashana akazange ahlale isikhathi eside. Amalungu ayo aboshwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba 1917, lapho kuvukela ukuhlubuka okuhlomile kuleli zwe. I-Bolsheviks yanqoba i-Revolution ka-Okthoba, ngaleyo ndlela idala nxazonke emlandweni waseSoviet Russia.