I-St. George iwela ama-degree angu-4: umlando nezici zemali

I-St. George crosses of degrees 4 yasungulwa njengomklomelo ophakeme kakhulu, owawunikezwa abamele abaphansi embusweni woMbuso WaseRussia. Yanikezwa kuphela ngesibindi somuntu siqu esiboniswa empini. Naphezu kokuthi le mklomelo uneminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili ubudala, igama layo lamanje - iSt. George Cross - alizange lifike ngokushesha. Kuvele ngo-1913 kuphela ngokugunyazwa kwemithetho ebuyekeziwe e-Order yaseSt. George.

Umlando wesenzakalo

Maphakathi no-February 1807, kwashicilelwa iManifesto Ephakeme kunazo zonke, eyasungula ibheji le-Military Order. Kamuva kwaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iSt George George. Ngo-1833 ngaphansi kukaMbusi uNicholas I kwavela isidingo sokuthola isimiso esisha se-Order of St. George. Yayinemininingwane eminingana emayelana nemiklomelo yeziphambano zamasosha. Isibonelo, manje umlawuli oyinhloko yamabutho, kanye nabaphathi bezinhlaka ezihlukene bangabonisa umklomelo. Lokhu kulula kwenqubo kwasiza kakhulu inqubo yokuzikhandla, futhi yaqeda zonke izinhlobo zokubambezeleka okubucayi.

Imishanguzo esilandelayo yikhuphulo esiphezulu emalini amasosha kanye nezikhulu ezingeziwe, kanye nelungelo lokugqoka isiphambano kanye nomnsalo waseSt. George. Lo umehluko wangaphambi kokuvela kwesigaba somklomelo ube yizididi eziningana.

Imiklomelo yokuqala, eyavela ngo-1807, ayibalwa. Lokhu kuqapha kwaqala ukulungiswa emva kweminyaka emibili, lapho benquma ukuhlanganisa uhlu lwabo bonke abahlonishwayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, imiklomelo ihoxisiwe okwesikhashana futhi ibalwa. Ngakho-ke, kwaziwa ngokuqondile ukuthi kwakunamakhophi angu-9937. Siyabonga ngalokhu futhi manje ungathola ukuthi ngubani owanikezwe lokhu noma ukuthi uGeorge Cross (i-4th degree). Ngombhalo nohlobo lwefonti kulula ukucacisa isikhathi lapho umvuzo uhlobana khona. Ezweni Lokuqala Inombolo yesiphambano esinikeziwe idlulile ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1, ngakho-ke emuva kwezindondo ezizayo emgqeni ophezulu kunqunywe ngokuthi 1 / M.

Incazelo emfushane

Iziphambano zaseSt. George zika-4 degrees zivele kuphela ngo-March 1856, lapho i-Order of the Order yaseSt. George isungulwa izinguquko ezivamile. Okokuqala, ama-1 no-2 amadijithali enziwe ngegolide, kanti amabili asele ayenziwe ngesiliva. Ngokomthetho, umklomelo kufanele ube okulandelanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngayinye yezindiza, ukubalwa kwayo okhethekile kwakhiwe, futhi umahluko obukwayo, umnsalo owenziwe ngebhebhoni kaSt. George waphinde wanezelwa.

Ngemuva kwemiklomelo eminingi yamasosha enkonzweni eqinile empi yaseTurkey ka-1877-1878, izitembu, ezazisetshenziswa ngaphambili yi-mint yezinhlamvu zemali, zanqunywa ukuba zivuselelwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, umbhali u-A. A. Griliches wenza izinguquko ezithile ezithombeni eziphambeni. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho lezi zinhlamvu zathola ukubonakala okwakusinda kuze kufike ukuguqulwa kuka-1917. Isitembu seSt. UGeorge kulezi zindondo ezivuselelekile uye wazichaza kakhulu.

Amalungelo

Isimiso esisha sika-1913, phakathi kwezinye izinto, sinikezela ukugcinwa kwemali isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, wanikezwa ama-degrees angu-4 aseSt. George athole ama-ruble angu-36, kanti owokuqala - kakade ngu-120. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abanikazi bomklomelo abaningana bakhokhelwa ukwanda noma impesheni njengenhlawulo ephakeme kakhulu. Ama-knights eSt George George cross 4 degrees, futhi nje nje anikeze lesi sihlukaniso sinezinombolo eziningana, ngokwesibonelo kwakungavunyelwe ukusebenzisa isijeziso somuntu ngokuqondene nabo .

Izici zokukhiqiza

Kakade ngo-Ephreli 1914 kwakukhona uGeorge Crosses ama-degree amane wesibonelo esisha. I- mint yathola imiyalo ngabo ekwindla ka-1913. Babehloselwe ukulethwa kwemikhumbi yezempi nabalindi bemingcele. Kusukela ngoJulayi 1914, lapho iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala iqala, le nintana yaqala ukugcoba iziphambano ezinkulu kakhulu. Ukusheshisa inqubo, ngisho nalawo ma-medallions asele nempi yaseJapane aqale asetshenziswe. Ngonyaka wokuqala kuphela abangaba ngu-1 500 abahanjelwe empini, abangaphezu kuka-3 000 - okwesibili, 26,000 - inani lesithathu nelenkulu kunazo zonke zamakhophi ayizinkulungwane ezingu-170.

Ngokuphathelene nesidingo esikhulu sokwenyuka kwemigwaqo yaseSt. George eyenziwe ngezinsimbi eziyigugu kanye nesimo esibucayi sezomnotho kuleli zwe entwasahlobo ka-1915, kunqunywe ukunciphisa isampula segolide esetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso, ngakho-ke amazinga aphezulu kakhulu emiklomelo yokulwa ayenziwe nge-alloy ekhethekile. Ekubunjweni kwalo kwakunegolide elihlanzekile elingama-60 kuphela.

Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1916, izinsimbi ezibizayo zisuswe ngokuphelele kwi-alloy esetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwemiklomelo yonke yaseRussia ngaphandle kokunye. Kusukela manje iSt. George iziphambano ezine-degrees ezingu-4 zenziwe kuphela nge-nickel ne-tombak, futhi emigodini yayo kwakukhona izincwadi: BM iyinsimbi emhlophe, kanti i-CMM iphuzi. Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kuka-1917, uHulumeni Wesikhashana wavumela ukunikezwa kwalo mklomelo kumabutho kanye nezikhulu, kuyilapho igatsha le-laurel liphinde libe nesigqila phezu kwebhebhoni.