USultan Suleiman. Umlando womlawuli omangalisayo

I-Sultan Suleiman, indaba yakhe yokuphila engahlanganiswa ngokungahambisani neNyaka Yegolide yeNkosi yase- Ottoman, ingumbusi omkhulu kunazo zonke ezweni lakhe emlandweni wayo wonke. Umbuso waseTurkey waba namandla akhe ezombusazwe kanye nezindleko ezinkulu.

Indaba yokuqala yokuphila kaSultan Suleiman

Umbusi wesikhathi esizayo wazalwa edolobheni laseTrabzon (elaseGoli laseTrapezund, elaziwa ngokushunyayelwa kuka-Andrew the First-Called) ngo-1494. Uyise wayenguSultan Selim I, nonina wayeyindodakazi yeCrimean-Tatar khan iMengli-Giray. Kuze kube neminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, le nsizwa yayinguBeylerbey (viceroy) edolobheni laseKaffa, futhi kamuva yathunyelwa eManisa, yaba yindodana kayise lapho. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uManisa wayehlobo lwe "nursery education" lwabahlali bombuso wesikhathi esizayo, lapho izikhulu zaziqhuba khona ekuphathweni kwezindaba zomphakathi, ngokusho kwamasiko e-Ottoman. Ngendlela, lapha ukuthi i-Sultan Suleiman ezayo, emlandweni wayo uhlotshaniswa nenhloko yombuso, uyazijwayeza izigqila ezimbili zaseYurophu, kamuva ezathonya kakhulu impilo yakhe kanye nesiphetho sayo sonke isizwe: iSlavic Roksolana, owaba ngumkakhe othandekayo, empeleni uqala ukubusa esigodlweni ngesikhathi Imikhankaso emide yempi yeSultan, kanye nomama wombusi olandelayo uSelim II, kanye nenceku yesizwe sase-Italy, owahloswe ukuba abe umngane nesikhulu esisha, futhi kamuva waba yi-vizier yakhe ebalulekile futhi cishe ebaluleke kakhulu umuntu yshim kuleli zwe, aziwa ngegama Ibrahim Pasha. U-Selim ngashona ngo-1520, kanti uSusiman uba yindoda enkulu eneminyaka engama-26.

Umlando woMbuso Wase-Ottoman: uSultan Suleiman nohulumeni wakhe

Waba umbusi wesishiyagalolunye wombuso. Ngokushesha nje lapho engena esihlalweni sobukhosi, ngokushesha uqala amalungiselelo okunqoba okukhulu futhi ukwandiswa kwezindawo zase-Ottoman. Ngemva konyaka, impi yaseHungary yamemezelwa emandleni, ngemva kwalokho ibutho laseTurkey layithatha amasimu amakhulu kuze kube seDanube. Ngemva kwalokho kulandela ukunqotshwa kwesiqhingi saseMedithera saseRhodes, lapho umyalo we- Hospitallers, owawuphethe ukubusa kweTurkey kulwandle, wawunesikhathi eside ukuhlala. Abantu baseTurkey bazama ukuthatha lesi siqhingi ngaphambi, ngesikhathi sikaSelim I, kodwa kwakungenzeka kuphela kumbusi omusha omusha ngo-1522. Eminyakeni emine kamuva uSultan Suleiman, omlando wakhe wokuguqulwa ushintshe lonke ubuso baseYurophu phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukuphoqa amandla amakhulukazi ase Continental ukuba athuthumele ngaphambi kwesigameko sombusi wamabutho, aphinde ahlasele amabutho ayizinkulungwane ezingu-80 eHungary, ngokubhubhisa ngalesi simo futhi asondele eduze kwemingcele yombuso waseHabsburg.

Umkhankaso wezempi olandelayo umlawuli oqala eminyakeni emithathu kamuva elwa no-Austria. Kuyo yonke indawo, kusukela ngo-Septhemba 27 kuya ku-Okthoba 14, ukuvimbezelwa okudumile kwaseVienna kuyaqhubeka, kodwa abaseTurkey bahluleka ukuthatha umuzi oqinile. Njengoba umlando uzobonisa, i-Vienna isibe umngcele wokugcina wezinqola ezihlakaniphile ze-Ottoman Porte. Emashumini eminyaka alandela, izimpi ezintathu zase-Austro-Turkish zenzeka (empumalanga, emahlanu namashumi ayisithupha ekhulwini lama-16), ngenxa yokuthi iHungary yaphinde yahlukana futhi amaTurkey athola izinto ezintsha eYurophu.

Ngaphandle kokungena okuqhubekayo emaBalkans, uSusiman the Magnificent wayenesithakazelo sezepolitiki eMpumalanga. Lokhu kwaholela ekuxabaneni okuqhubekayo ne-Safavid Persia, ngenxa yalokho okushiwo yilokugcina. Ngo-1538, i-Ottoman Porte yenza ukuhambela okukhulu e-Arabia naseNdiya. Ngenxa yalokho yonke imikhankaso, umbuso wandisa impahla yawo engxenyeni ebalulekile embusweni waseHungary, eTranscaucasus, eMesopotamia, eNyakatho Afrika, e- Arabhiya. Ngaleso sikhathi, uMbuso Wase-Ottoman wafinyelela phezulu emlandweni wawo.

I-Sultan Suleiman: Umlando Wokuphila Komuntu

Njengoba kudingekile ukuba umbusi waseMpumalanga, uSujjjman ube yindoda ye-ljubovobilnym. Ekuphileni kwakhe kwakunezintambo eziningi ezivela e-harem. Phakathi kwazo, kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukuphawula abaphikisana ababili - i-Circassian Mahiderekan Sultan no-Slavic Hurrem (noRoksolana). Lezi zinsuku, ngenxa yeminyaka eminingi yokuziqhenya, zaba umfazi othandekayo weSultan futhi umuntu obaluleke kakhulu ekuphathweni komphakathi, ngokufaka esikhundleni salo mbusi phakathi nemikhankaso yakhe yempi. Lo wesifazane, ngendlela, wayehloselwe ukufa ngesikhathi esisodwa semikhankaso yakhe. Kwenzeka ngo-1566, ngesikhathi ukuvinjezelwa kweSzigetvar - inqaba eMpumalanga Hungary.