Bangaki abantu abafa eMpini Yezwe Yesibili e-USSR nasezweni

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba kuhlolwe ukulungiswa kwamandla enkundleni yomhlaba kanye nokubukezwa kwendima yabo bonke labo ababambe iqhaza ekuhlanganyeleni uHitler, umbuzo uvame ukuphakanyiswa: "Bangaki abantu abafa eMpini Yezwe Yesibili?" Manje yonke imithombo yabezindaba namanye amadokhumenti omlando aqhubeka nokusekela omdala, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo adale izinkolelo ezintsha ngalesi sihloko.

Omunye okhuni kakhulu uthi iSoviet Union inqobe kuphela ngenxa yokulahlekelwa okukhulu okwedlulele ekulahlekelweni kwabasebenzi bezitha. Kamuva, izinkolelo eziningi zanamuhla ezenziwa emhlabeni jikelele ngeNtshonalanga, umuntu angaba nombono wokuthi ngaphandle kosizo lwe-United States, ukunqoba bekungeke kwenzeke, okusho ukuthi konke lokhu kungenxa yokuphatha kwabo impi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemininingwane yezibalo, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlaziye futhi uthola ukuthi bangaki abantu abafele eMpini Yezwe Yesibili futhi ngubani owenza umnikelo omkhulu ekunqobeni.

Bangaki nje balwela i-USSR?

Ngokungangabazeki, iSoviet Union yahlupheka kakhulu, amanye amasosha angamaqhawe ayefa ngokuqonda. Wonke umuntu uyazi lokhu. Ukuze uthole ukuthi bangaki abantu abafele eMpini Yezwe Yesibili e-USSR, kubalulekile ukuthi uphendule izibalo zombalo. Ngokwezibalo zango-1939, abantu abangaba ngu-190 million bahlala e-USSR. Ukwanda konyaka kwaba ngu-2%, okwakungamakhulu amathathu. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukubala ukuthi ngo-1941 abantu babengu-196 million abantu.

Siyaqhubeka siphikisana futhi siqinisa konke ngamaqiniso nezinombolo. Ngakho-ke, noma yiliphi izwe elithuthukisiwe, ngisho nokuhlanganiswa okuphelele, alinakukwazi ukukhokhela okunjalo okunethezeka, njengokubiza abantu abangaphezu kuka-10% ukulwa. Ngakho-ke, inani elilinganiselwa lamabutho aseSoviet lalizoba yizigidi ezingu-19.5. Ngenxa yokuthi amadoda azalwa ngokuzalwa esikhathini sokuqala kusukela ngo-1896 kuya ku-1923 futhi aqhubeke kuze kube ngo-1928, kufanelekile ukufaka ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezilodwa nengxenye ngonyaka, okusho ukuthi Ukuthi inani lazo zonke izikhali phakathi nempi yonke laliyizigidi ezingu-27.

Bangaki babo abafa?

Ukuze uthole ukuthi bangaki abantu abafele eMpini Yezwe Yesibili, kubalulekile ukudonsa cishe izigidi ezimbili zezinombolo zamabutho ezempi ensimini yeSoviet Union ngoba balwa ne-USSR (njengamaqembu ahlukahlukene, njenge-OUN ne-ROA).

Kuhlala izigidi eziyi-25, okuyi-10 ekupheleni kwempi kusesezinkonzweni. Ngakho-ke, amasosha angaba ngu-15 million ashiye ibutho, kodwa kufanele akhunjulwe ukuthi akubona bonke abafile. Isibonelo, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2,5 bakhululwa ekuthunjweni, kanti abanye belimale kabi yikhomishini. Ngakho-ke, izibalo ezisemthethweni zilokhu zishintshashintsha, kodwa kusengenzeka ukunciphisa isilinganiso: Abantu abayi-8 noma abayizigidi ezingu-9 bafa, futhi lokhu kuyisosha.

Kwakuyini ngempela?

Inkinga yukuthi hhayi kuphela amasosha ayebulawa. Manje ake sicabangele umbuzo wokuthi bangaki abantu abafa eMpini Yezwe Yesibili ngokuqondile phakathi kwabantu abahlali. Iqiniso liwukuthi idatha esemthethweni ibonisa lokhu okulandelayo: kubantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-27 zokulahlekelwa okuphelele (inguqulo esemthethweni ebonisa), kubalulekile ukuthatha amadoda ayishumi nambili ezempi, esabalwa ngaphambili, ngokusebenzisa izibalo ezilula zokubala. Ngakho-ke, kubalwa abantu abayizigidi ezingu-18 kubantu abemi. Manje cabanga ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukuze ubale ukuthi bangaki abantu abafele eMpini Yezwe Yesibili eRussia, e-Ukraine, eBelarus nasePoland, kubalulekile ukubuyela futhi ukuba omile, kodwa izibalo ezingenakuphikwa, ezikhuluma ngalokhu okulandelayo. AmaJalimane ahlala ensimini ye-USSR, lapho abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-65 baphila ngemva kokukhishwa, okwakuyingxenye yesithathu.

IPoland yalahlekelwa yingxenye eyodwa yesihlanu yabantu kulo mpi, naphezu kokuthi impi yokuqala, ukuphikisana kwama-Warsaw , njll njll kwenzeka ensimini kaningi. Phakathi nempi, iWarsaw yabhujiswa phansi, okunikeza cishe 20% wabantu abafayo.

I-Belarus yalahlekelwa cishe ingxenye yesine yabantu, futhi lokhu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umsebenzi wokulwa nokuqothulwa okwenzeke enkundleni ye-republic.

Engxenyeni ye-Ukraine, ukulahleka kwaba cishe ingxenye eyodwa yesithupha yenani labantu, futhi lokhu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani elikhulu labavukuzi, ama-guerrillas, ama-resistance unit kanye ne-fascist "scum" ahlukahlukene ahamba phakathi kwamahlathi.

Ukulahlekelwa phakathi kwabantu endaweni engaphansi

Yimaphi amaphesenti abantu abahlukumezekile abafanelekile okumele babe khona kuzo zonke izingxenye ezihlala endaweni ye-USSR? Cishe kungenzeka, hhayi ephakeme kunase- Ukraine (inani labantu base-Ukraine cishe liyingxenye yesithathu yenani labantu abahlala kulo lonke iSoviet Union).

Khona-ke singathatha njengesisekelo senombolo 11, esivela lapho sisuswe esilinganisweni esingu-65 million ezimbili kwezintathu. Ngakho sithola ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwezigidi ezingama-20. Kodwa ngisho nalesi sibalo siphezulu kakhulu futhi singalungile. Ngakho-ke, kusobala ukuthi embikweni osemthethweni wokuthi bangaki abantu abafa eMpini Yezwe Yesibili, bonke phakathi kwezempi kanye nezakhamuzi, lezi zibalo ziyaphakanyiswa.

Bangaki abantu abafa eMpini Yezwe Yesibili e-US

I-United States of America nayo yalahlekelwa yizobuchwepheshe nobuchwepheshe. Yiqiniso, bekungabalulekanga uma kuqhathaniswa ne-USSR, ngakho-ke emva kwempi bangabalwa ngokunembile. Ngako-ke, kutholakala isibalo sabangu-407.3 abayizigidi. Ngokuqondene nomphakathi, cishe akuzange kubonakale phakathi kwezakhamuzi zaseMelika ezifile, njengoba kwakungekho ukusebenza kwezempi ezweni laleli zwe. Ukulahlekelwa kubantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu, ikakhulukazi abagibeli bemikhumbi ehambayo nabagibeli bemikhumbi abahwebi, ababethelwa yizinhlanzi zasemfuleni zaseJalimane.

Bangaki abantu abafa eMpini Yezwe II eJalimane

Ngokuqondene nezibalo ezisemthethweni ngokuphathelene nokulahlekelwa kweJalimane, zibukeka zingalindelekile, ngoba inani labantu abalahlekile lifana nelomuntu oshonile, kodwa empeleni wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi ayengeke atholakale futhi uzobuyela ekhaya. Uma sihlanganisa bonke abangatholakali futhi ababulewe, sithola izigidi ezingu-4.5. Phakathi kwezizwe - izigidi ezingu-2.5. Akumangalisi yini? Ngemuva kwalokho, inani lokulahlekelwa kwe-USSR liphindwe kabili. Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, kunezinkolelo ezithile, izinkolelo nokucabanga okungalungile mayelana nokuthi bangaki abantu abafa eMpini Yezwe II eRussia.

Amanga mayelana nokulahlekelwa kweJalimane

Inganekwane ebaluleke kunazo zonke eqhubekayo kulo lonke iSoviet Union ngemva kokuphela kwempi ukufaniswa kokulahlekelwa kweJalimane neSoviet. Ngakho-ke, ukulahlekelwa kweJalimane nakho kwacatshangelwa, okwakusala ku-13.5 million.

Eqinisweni, isazi-mlando saseJalimane-isazi-mlando uBupkhart Müller-Gillebrand samemezela lezi zibalo, ezisekelwe ekubalweni okuphakathi kwamazwe aseJalimane. Phakathi neminyaka yempi babe ngabantu abayizigidi ezingu-3.2, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-0.8 babulawa ekuthunjweni. Kwabalelwa ezigidini ezingu-0.5 eMpumalanga, kwathi abanye abathathu babulawa empini, eNtshonalanga - 300,000.

Ngokungangabazeki, iJalimane, kanye ne-USSR, yenze impi enonya kunazo zonke izizwe nezizwe, okungazange kuveze isihawu noma ububele. Inombolo enkulu yabasosha kanye neziboshwa ezivela kolunye uhlangothi babulawa yindlala. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi amaJalimane nabaseRussia babengakwazi ukuhlinzeka iziboshwa zabo ukudla, ngoba indlala yayiyobe ishaya abantu babo ngisho nakakhulu.

Umphumela wempi

Abalando-mlando namanje abakwazi ukubala ukuthi bangaki abantu abafa eMpini Yezwe Yesibili. Emhlabeni, izinombolo ezihlukene zikhonjisiwe: konke kwaqalwa nabantu abayizigidi ezingu-50, bese kuba ngu-70, futhi manje nakakhulu. Kodwa ukulahlekelwa okufanayo okwenza, isibonelo, i-Asia yahlushwa imiphumela yempi nokuqhamuka kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe ngalesi sizinda, okwenza kube nenani labantu abaningi, cishe ngeke libaleke. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nedatha engenhla, eqoqwe kusuka emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yokugunyaza, ide kakhulu ekugcineni. Futhi impendulo eqondile yalo mbuzo, cishe, ayisoze yakwazi ukuthola.