AmaViking lapho behlala? Ayengobani amaViking?

I lwezigigaba ezikhexisa umlomo kakhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni Kungashiwo kufanele kubhekwe nokuhamba amaViking, njengoba nabo ngokwabo kufanele ngokuthi izibalo kakhulu esikhathini kusuka IX ukuze XI leminyaka. Igama elithi "Viking" cishe lisho ukuthi "sintanta ulwandle." Olimini ungowokuzalwa Normans "Vik" kusho "Fjord", okusho ngokombono wethu iyona "Bay". Ngakho-ke, imithombo eminingi bahumusha igama elithi "amaViking" ngokuthi "umuntu bay." Umbuzo ovamile is "Uphi na? AmaViking baphile" Kuyoba nje ayibalulekile njengoba Ebhala ngokugomela kokuthi "amaViking" kanye "Nordic" - kuyafana. Esimweni sokuqala sikhuluma anomsebenzi yomuntu, okwesibili - kokuba yilungu abantu abathile.

Mayelana okuqondene besizwe esithile, kungenzeka ukuhlonza kunzima, njengoba amaViking axazulule ezindaweni ehlasela, sifakwe emanzini bonke "izimpahla" lendawo kanye nedili phezu isiko ala mazwe. I Kungashiwo okufanayo zeziqu kwanikezelwa "abantu waleyo nqaba" zezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Konke kwakuxhomeke indawo lapho amaViking wahlala. Normans, amaViking, Danes, Russ - amagama anjalo uthole "ulwandle ibutho" ukuze osogwini olusenyakatho wake entsha lapho bebehlala khona: watshala.

izinganekwane eziningi ngokungeyikho elintantayo izinhlamvu zomlando emhlabeni ezimibalabala, okuyikhona amaViking. Lapho wahlala Norman abahlaseli ukuthi abantukazana benzani, kodwa imikhankaso yabo futhi kuphangwa, nokuthi ukwenza noma yini ngaphandle kwabo bonke - imibuzo ibuthaka, izazi-mlando wokuhlupha amabombo kube yilolu suku. Nokho, namuhla singaba ngokuthini imibono eyiphutha okungenani ayisikhombisa mayelana "namaqaba Nordic."

Unya futhi bomele ukunqoba

Ngo-movie kakhulu, izincwadi kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza zokuzijabulisa amaViking avele kithi njengoba hhayi namaqaba womele igazi ungacabanga impilo yami ngaphandle kwansuku ababambelela imbazo yakhe ku skull yothile.

Imbangela yokuqala imikhankaso yezempi ku Norman wakhonza khona njengenceku zokwanda okukhulu kwenani labantu yamazwe Nordic, lapho amaViking wahlala. Plus njalo feuding kwamaqembu. Bobabili ophoqelelwe ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi ukuya beyofuna ukuphila okungcono. Umfula ukuphanga baba lutho kodwa ibhonasi endleleni wabo onzima. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho ezimbi imizi enezivikelo eziqinile aseYurophu izisulu ezilula amatilosi. Nokho, abanye abantu - French, i-British, ama-Arabhu kanye nabanye, okuyinto futhi Akasishalazelanga igazi ngenxa emaphaketheni abo. Engingakusho nje ukhumbule ukuthi konke lokhu kwenzeka Ephakathi, futhi indlela yokuzuza kwaba ngokulinganayo ezikhangayo abameleli ukulandelana kwamakhosi ezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Futhi Ukuthanda kazwelonke ukuchithwa kwegazi kwakungekho lutho ukukwenza.

ubutha

Enye isitatimende ukuthi amaViking zaziwazonda zonke kodwa yena - futhi edukisayo. Eqinisweni, abantu bakwamanye amazwe Ongakuthanda ukusizakala bangenise Normans, futhi ukuze ujoyine ezinhlwini zabo. umlando Abaningi uqinisekise ukuthi phakathi amaViking ungase ukuhlangabezana isiFulentshi, isiNtaliyane futhi Russian. Isibonelo uhlale endaweni Nordic Ansgar - nesithunywa Louis the abangcwele - lena ngenye ubufakazi amaViking izihambi. Ungase futhi khumbula inxusa Arab Ibn Sicela - nalendzaba Yenziwa ifilimu, "The Warrior 13".

Natives zaseScandinavia

Nakuba, naphezu okushiwo ngenhla, amaViking kufanisa ukuze eScandinavia - kuyiphutha ngokujulile, echazwe iqiniso lokuthi amaViking wahlala Greenland, Iceland futhi eFrance ngisho lasendulo. Ngo ngokwayo egomela ukuthi zonke "abantu Fjord" babevela eScandinavia - kuyiphutha.

Lapho amaViking wahlala ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi - umbuzo indawo, njengoba yena "umphakathi zasolwandle" kungahlanganisa bezizwe ezihlukahlukene, abavela emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyafaneleka yokuthi inkosi French wanika kalula izwe amaViking, okwathi ngo ukubonga steel esitokisini French uma ehlaselwa isitha kusuka "ngaphandle." Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi lezi Izitha amaViking abavela kwamanye amazwe. By indlela, kahle ukuthi igama "Normandy".

babeyizidlova Dirty, lalingabahedeni

Enye misstep eziningi abadlali-narrators zeminyaka ezidlule - a Viking isithombe njengoba abantu ezingcolile, abangathembekile futhi zasendle. Nalapha futhi, lokhu akulona iqiniso. Futhi balokhu - uthola okuyinto zobhejane lapho bemba ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene lapho amaViking wahlala.

Mirrors, amakamu, okugeza - zonke lezi izinsalela amasiko lasendulo wathola lapho bemba, ukuqinisekisile ukuthi lo Normans Abantu nokuhlanzeka. Futhi le miphumela yayisho ekhishwe hhayi kuphela e-Sweden, Denmark, kodwa Greenland, Iceland, nakwamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise Sarskoye indunduma, lapho amaViking waphila loMfula iVolga, okwakukhona ensimini ka ERussia yasendulo. Plus konke okunye, ayikho case ezingavamile lapho libanjwa nezinsalela ezihlaba insipho, isandla wenza Normans ngokwabo. Nakulokhu futhi kufakazela ihlaya yabo ukuhlanzeka nokuhleleka British mayelana kwaba: ". AmaViking kukhona chistyuli ukuthi ngisho esikhathini okugeza hamba kanye ngesonto" Ungamlimazi ukukhumbula ukuthi baseYurophu ngokwabo ingasaphathwa wavakashela okugeza.

dvuhmetrovye blondes

Enye isitatimende esingelona iqiniso, njengoba izinsalela imizimba amaViking ephambene. Labo are iqhawe ubude onezinwele ezimhloshana, eqinisweni, ukukhula ifinyelele esiphezulu 170 ngamasentimitha. Izitshalo zinokuphila okunempilo ekhanda laba bantu babe anemibala ehlukene. Okuwukuphela kwento akunakuphikwa - kuba preference uhlobo izinwele bona ngokwabo Normans. Lokhu lula ukusetshenziswa ekhethekile Umbala insipho.

AmaViking futhi sidilizwa Rus

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi amaViking kwadingeka sihlobene ngokuqondile ukusungulwa Russia njengoba waba namandla amakhulu. Ngakolunye, kukhona imithombo ukuthi wayiziba isakramente kunoma umcimbi emlandweni lwamaSlav lasendulo. Ikakhulukazi impikiswano azibonayo mlando okuqondene Scandinavians Rurik, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Nokho, igama Rurik eduze Norman Rerek - ngakho okuthiwa abafana abaningi eScandinavia. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana Oleg, Igor - izihlobo zakhe indodana yakhe. Nomkakhe Olga. Vele sibheke Norman zabo nozakwabo - Helge Ingvar, zabe sezihlela ukumfundela.

imithombo eminingi (cishe zonke) sibeke ngazwilinye ukuthi ubunikazi amaViking lasakazekela iCaspian kanye Black iziLwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukuba baziphonse sompristi, le Normans wasebenzisa Ukunqamula Dnieper, eMfuleni iVolga kanye neminye imifula eminingi egeleza ensimini ka ERussia yasendulo. Ngokuphindaphindiwe waphawula futhi khona ukuthengiselana commercial emkhakheni Sarskoye isiphetho, lapho amaViking wahlala phezu iVolga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okushiwo futhi kuphangwa, ephelezelwa aphanga endaweni Staraya Ladoga, Gnezdovo ezindundumeni, okuyinto buqinisekisa khona nemizana Insimu Normans lasendulo. Phela, igama elithi "Russia" naye ungowasendaweni amaViking. Ngisho nasezimweni ezikhululekile kungenzeka "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" masisho ukuthi "Rurik eze Rus yakhe yonke.

Indawo ngqo lapho amaViking wahlala - loMfula eVolga noma cha - iphuzu moot. Eminye imithombo ukusho ukuthi zisekelwe eduze izinqaba zabo. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi Normans ayethanda isikhala kokungathathi hlangothi phakathi kwamanzi futhi imizana emikhulu.

Izimpondo ku izigqoko zawo

Futhi omunye kahle kuba phambi lezimpondo phezulu izingubo lempi Normans. Ngoba bonke imivubukulo nocwaningo ezindaweni eyayihlala amaViking nangesigqoko watholakala ngezimpondo, ngaphandle eyodwa, okuyinto itholakala kwelinye amathuna Normans.

Kodwa i icala angawodwa akukuniki isisekelo isiphetho esinjalo. Nakuba lesi sithombe engase iqondakale ehlukile. Kwaba liwusizo kangaka ukwethula emhlabeni yobuKristu amaViking, ukuwafaka inzalo kaDeveli. Futhi konke ihlobene noSathane, amaKristu anesizathu ngempela sinezimpondo.