UMbusi Haile Selassie mina: Biography, izingane, izithombe, izingcaphuno

Umbusi lokugcina Ethiopia, nowakhishwa e umbuso wezempi ngo-1974, Haile Selassie mina, engumbusi impikiswano enkulu. Ngesikhathi sakhe ehhovisi, lapho babenedumela lokuba i nkosi ukukhanyiselwa kanye asebenzayo, kabani izwe akuyona kuphela hhayi koloni kwaba womuntu, kodwa waba ilungu egcwele United Nations Organisation.

umbusi impikiswano

Haile Selassie Ngabamba zokuphatha kusukela ngo-1906, lapho eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala. Eneminyaka engu-25, wathola isihloko indlalifa umqhele, futhi ibamba futhi empeleni waba umbusi wawo waseTopiya autocratic. Lokhu autocracy eyathatha iminyaka engu-58.

Phakathi nenkathi ende kangaka, Ethiopia usezuze ukuqashelwa international, yaba ilungu izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ambalwa kanye nezivumelwano futhi wakwazi ukumelana nemizamo wasithatha ingxenye Italy. Haile Selassie Ngahlela futhi eholwa Organisation of African Unity, kamuva elaba -African Union.

Ngesithunzi sakhe futhi inqubomgomo inkululeko Abantu babekhonza umbusi wabo. Wazalelwa zeminyaka ukunyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi Rastafarianism babembheka samuntu Jah Nkulunkulu. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela kakhulu inkolo neyasemhlabeni kwigama ukuthi Haile Selassie egqoka ukuze wokugcotshwa. Kodwa hhayi konke kwakuyize ngakho elula.

Phakathi nokubusa Haile Selassie mina yaseTopiya wahlala isimo esibi, isifo kanye nendlala, naphezu ezingaphezu kuka usizo ngokwanele esusela US nase-UK, futhi i-USSR. Nakuba abantu bakhe babulawa indlala, umbusi wayengomunye wabantu ababecebe kwaleso sikhathi, hhayi kuphela e-Afrika, kodwa nasemhlabeni wonke. Akumangazi ukuthi ezimpini ezinjalo ziye zaholela bezibona ezimbili zobuntu bakhe emlandweni.

amagama

Igama elinikeziwe umbusi esizayo abazali bakhe - Tafari. Leli gama lihunyushwa lisuselwa olimini Ge'ez ngokuthi "umuntu ukuthi ubani okufanele ahlonishwe kakhulu futhi esaba." Njengengane eneminyaka engu-umndeni ezihloniphekayo, indlalifa esizayo kufanele babe phambi igama isikhundla - Lidge, futhi ngemva yesithathu igama likayise futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, umkhulu wakhe. Ngakho-ke, igama umbusi wokugcina kanje: Lidge Tafari Mekonnyn Voldemikael. Lapho ebhapathizwa, Tafari kwaba igama engcwele Haile Selassie, okuyinto elihunyushwe ngokuthi "amandla-zintathu."

Njengoba ayezithathele ukuphathwa kwe yaba enye yezindawo ezilinywayo baseTopiya, futhi kamuva waba indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi, umbusi wesikhathi esizayo ithole esicongweni esisha - izinhlanga, okulingana isikhulu Russian noma Western Prince. Manje wacelwa Tafari Mekonnyn izinhlanga. Leli yigama unikezwa igama Rastafarianism.

Njengoba enyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi, Ras Tafari kwakufanele athathe isihloko esisha wasebukhosini. Yena elethiwa kwakhe ngesikhathi ebhapathizwa wakhetha, futhi baba uMbusi Haile Selassie 1. nkosi autocratic isihloko sawo esiphelele kwaba: King of Kings, umholi we namanenekazi, ibhubesi - owawina yesizwe sakwaJuda, Imperial seNkosi, bakaNkulunkulu kanye ukuKhanya kwezwe.

Haile Selassie mina: Biography, iminyaka yokuqala

Umbusi esizayo wazalwa ngoJulayi 23, 1892 edolobhaneni elincane esifundazweni Edzhersa Goro Harar. WayeyiZwi ingane yeshumi ye Mekonnyna uhlanga, umzala kaKesari yaseTopiya uMenelik II. uyise Haile Selassie sika owayephezu Harar, umkhuzi induna yebutho umTopiya umeluleki zombusi. Mekonnyna lwamakhosi bavela Inkosi uSolomoni nayo Queen yaseSheba.

Ngenxa isikhundla salo esiphakeme emphakathini, izinhlanga Mekonnyn wakwazi ukunikeza indodana yakhe imfundo yekhethelo. Ekuqaleni ukuqeqeshwa womfana kuthatha Helper Domestic ke indela Order of the Capuchins, nangemva - usosayensi kusukela Guadeloupe imvelaphi French. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-13 Tafari has isihloko esisha - dedzhazmach, okuhambelana Ukubala European. Khona-ke Tafari waba ngowokuqala ukuphathwa isipiliyoni wabe esemiswa njengombusi wesifundazwe we amancane Selaga sifundazwe. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-15, Tafari ekade ilawula esifundazweni sidamo, kodwa iminyaka engu-18 waqala ukuba ibuse Harar bomdabu.

Regency

Njengoba sengineminyaka ekhaya wezokuphathwa kwesifundazwe, Tafari wanquma isikhathi esithile ukuze uhlale nombusi esigodlweni. Ngemva ukubusa yesihlalo sobukhosi ubudlelwano obusha uMbusi u-Ieyasu V phakathi ikhanda yezwe futhi Tafari kubonakale selehlile, waze walahlekelwa post yakhe njengoba umbusi Harar.

Ieyasu V baba uMbusi baveze uzwela zabo ku-Islam futhi baba ngisho ukugqoka isigqoko, esongela ukubiza Ethiopia - esinye sezizwe wokuqala ongumKristu zomhlaba - Islam. izinhloso okunjalo kabi kwaziphithanisa enkantolo, futhi ngo-1916 basuke sibambe ukungabi yesikhashana kombusi, wamxosha esontweni, wagudluzwa wafaka phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi anti wakhe, oqokwe Tafari ibamba wamnika uhlanga isihloko.

Ngenxa ibamba kuze 1930, Ras Tafari eyenziwa ngaphandle kwekuhlela kabusha eziningi, phakathi lapho ovelele kwekuhlela kabusha ezempi kanye yezinguquko kwinqubomgomo ezifuywayo angaphandle. Tafari Mekonnyn ephakanyiswe izinga lemfundo, isungule ingqalasizinda eyisisekelo futhi ahlinzeke ukuqedwa ngokwengxenye lobugqila. Yena ngemvume Izivumelwano amazwe abaningi abahlala kule ndawo kanye ukulandelana kwemibuso yezwe bagqugquzela Ethiopia ukuba iNhlangano Yezizwe.

Ascension saya esiHlalweni sobukhosi

Ekupheleni kuka-1930 i-ibamba wagcotshwa futhi wamisa phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi Ethiopia njengoba Haile Selassie I. wokugcotshwa kwakhe ubuhanjelwe hhayi yonke Izicukuthwane Ethiopia kuphela, kodwa futhi abameleli echelons Isinqumo uthi amaningi aseYurophu. Ukuze kuhlonishwe ngokuthatha umqhele Photo Haile Selassie mina yanyatheliswa kuyi-Times sekhava yemagazini.

uMbusi kabusha

izinqubomgomo beziNguquko kombusi omusha ngokuphindiwe bagxekwa kakhulu emasisweni nento ayegxila kuyo olandelanayo ekulondolozeni kwamakhosi ngokuphelele. Badzimate ngo-1931, ngqa emlandweni soMthethosisekelo Ethiopia ushumayela amandla aphelele yombusi futhi okungenakubhubhiseka.

Haile Selassie Ngazakhela ephalamende bicameral. Ekamelweni eliphezulu uMbusi iSigele babelwe ngokuzimela futhi akhethiwe phakathi izingqimba aphansi elibusayo yezikhulu. ngokuphelele Ubungazizwa kanjani wokuguqula angabukeka, babengakawethembi ukushintsha isimo abaseTopiya abavamile.

Kushayisana Italy

Ekuqaleni Okthoba 1935 Italy ngokungazelelwe baqala yalwa Ethiopia, yokwephula kwemingcele yayo, babesuka Eritrea ngaphesheya komfula Mareb nokusuka Somalia bebheke Harar. Haile Selassie azikutholi ukugqugquzela jikelele.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ibutho sebefeze kwekuhlela kabusha okukhulu, ibutho Ethiopia bekulokhu nhlobo ukubhekana izimpi omkhulu azange abe izikhali esindayo. Against amathangi, flamethrowers, amachashazi kuqhume , ngisho ezikhali zamakhemikhali amaKushe lawa abehlome ngezibhamu kuphela indlela isibhamu. Abaningi abamele ibutho okungajwayelekile bangena ekulweni ne imikhonto.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lo mbusi mathupha wahola amabutho akhe waya empini, phakathi 1936 amaKushe bahlulwa futhi Haile Selassie mina, izingane, abazukulu nabangane abaseduze kombusi wabaleka phesheya. abantu esingumTopiya udangele futhi yadumaza umbusi okukhethayo.

Nakuba edingiselwe, umbusi ngokuphindiwe wafuna usizo-US, UK nakwamanye amazwe. Enkulumweni yakhe engqungqutheleni eyayidingida uMkhandlu iNhlangano Yezizwe Haile Selassie, izingcaphuno okuyinto eseqhubeka zonke izincwadi ezibalulekile, wabakhuza ngamazwi aqatha ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali ngu-Italy. Ngo-1940, ukunikela usekelo UK, wabuyela Ethiopia.

Ukunganeliseki e Ethiopia

Kusukela 1941, i-emperor ukubuyela wahola izimpi ukuze kukhululwe iTopiya ngo-1943 ochotshoziwe kwavukelwa lokugcina amabutho Italian nasekusekeleni ngezizwe zawo ongumTopiya. Nokho, idumela Haile Selassie iye zintengantengiswa namandla engumuntu yakhe. Emzamweni wakhe alungise leso simo bese zicela ukwesekwa hhayi kuphela ukhomba ngophakathi, kodwa futhi abantu kaKesari labetibambile izinguquko eziningana, okuyinto waqeda ukugqilazwa kwabantu, nika amandla Ethiopia wokuqoka abameleli endlini encane ephalamende, yamemezela kusengaphambili inkululeko yokukhuluma kanye inhlangano.

Nokho, Haile Selassie Ngangingakulungele ukunikeza amandla ngokuphelele, Ngakho-ke, yasungula apharathasi esesabekayo zokucindezela, okuyinto ayivunyelwe ukujabulela amalungelo ayisisekelo kanye kuvikelwe namalungelo kanye nenkululeko yezombusazwe.

Akumangalisi ukuthi phakathi kwabantu, kanye ukunganeliseki wakhula phakathi ukhomba ngophakathi. indlala engapheli eyayiqhutshwa esifundazweni Wollo, okuyinto kwabulala izinkulungwane zabantu baseTopiya, ukungabi bikho kokukhanya izinguquko eziphawulekayo ngqongqotshe nobushiqela okuqhubekayo kombusi kwaholela yokuthi ngo-1960 kwaba khona etat Ukuketulwa, okuyinto ngaba Umqhele Prince Asfa Uosen. Haile Selassie Ngakwazi ayodambisa ukuvukela, kodwa ukunganeliseki umbuso wakhe, akayekanga ukubilisa.

Inguquko in Ethiopia

Eminyakeni engu-13 ezayo wokunganeliseki amaKushe zonke wakhula kuze ngo-1974 ngenxa sengqondo sokungakunaki kubantu hhayi inhlekelele iphutha kuleli zwe. Indlala kuragela sesibulale abantu abangaphezu kuka-200 eziyinkulungwane, kanti bonke abanye base bezobulawa sokusinda. Military kusuka ezweni lonke bafuna ukwanda okuqukethwe kwabo, kusekelwa abasebenzi nabafundi. Ngenxa emhlanganweni ebekwe Mthetho-sisekelo Haile Selassie ngase bancishwa amandla langempela kanye amalungiselelo ayo kahulumeni liketulwa. Esikhundleni kohulumeni bezwe beza empini, isinqumo sokuqala lapho ukuboshwa wonke umkhaya wasebukhosini.

Ngo-August 1975, uhulumeni wamasosha wamemezela Ukugula kombusi wangaphambili. Washona ngo-August 27 eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 83 ngezizathu ezingaziwa. Uphenyo awenzanga, futhi umzimba alinikwa i kwesidumbu. Abaningi asola ukuthi wangaphambili uMbusi Haile Selassie mina waklinywa umholi kuvukela Mengistu Haile Mariam.