Kanjani ngokuthi amaseli uyakwazi kokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba. Lapho namasosha

Namuhla sizofunda indlela ngokuthi amaseli uyakwazi kokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba. Futhi ukukhuluma ngenhloso indlela yokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba amaningi. Cabanga izithiyo okuvikela umzimba kanye nezinhlobo amasosha omzimba.

Yini kubalulekile ukuqonda, ngaphambi kokuba siyihlole uqhubekela umbuzo oyinhloko kulesi sihloko? Omzimba emzimbeni echayeke antigen. Amasosha Omzimba futhi babe elinye igama - immunoglobulin, ayisiza, bakha isigaba glycoproteins. Kuyini obangela ukukhiqizwa lesi sici kubalulekile? Yiqiniso, izivikeli mzimba yakhiwa izitho eziningana:

• thymus;
• ubende;
• izakhiwo ze-lymph.

I last kulolu hlu banesibopho ukwenziwa ezintathu izinhlobo amaseli:

• T lymphocyte;
• B-lymphocyte;
• Ama-macrophage.

izithiyo Ukuphepha komzimba

Uma umzimba siqukethe sebuningini amaseli (amaningi), aba ngokungenamkhawulo ukudlula ezihlukahlukene zama-bacterium, amagciwane eziwuhlupho, nokunye. Yiqiniso, ukuze ukusebenza okuhle nohlalisekile umzimba, kudingeka imigoqo ungayeki ukuba ukungena izimuncagazi umzimba. Kuzo zonke, amagciwane izithiyo ezintathu:

• lesikhumba;
• mucosa;
• nokuvikelwa kwemvelo;
• imvelo zomzimba zangaphakathi.

Isikhumba futhi nolwelwesi lwamafinyila - kuyinto ngomngcele ongokoqobo hhayi kuphela. Lemigwamanda bayakwazi salivate, amafutha, izinyembezi, umjuluko nokunye. Konke lokhu simele usengozini ofayo ukuba amagciwane.

Ngokuqondene isithiyo kwemvelo ke kuziwa nezilwanyana ezincane ezuzisayo, okuyinto zitholakala phezu kwesikhumba futhi bayakwazi ukulwa namagciwane adala izifo.

Siphawule amasosha omzimba zokugcina. Okungukuthi, ikhono ukulondoloza njalo imvelo yangaphakathi. Nazi isitha:

• igazi;
• lymphoma;
• uketshezi interstitial nokunye.

Manje okuncane mayelana kanjani ngokuthi amaseli uyakwazi kokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba. Basuke esakhiwa ngaphansi isenzo B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte futhi ama-macrophage. ekhiqizwa Ngakho-plasma amaseli, kuhileleke nezinye izinkinga okuyinto ekukhiqizeni omzimba futhi ukudluliswa kwabo igazi. Kubalulekile ukwazi khona neqiniso lokuthi akuyona yonke amaseli okuholela wahlanganyela ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba, abanye enze umsebenzi inkumbulo, i-kabusha isizukulwane uma kwenzeka ingozi.

Amasosha omzimba futhi izinhlobo zawo

Sishilo kakade ukuthi plasma amaseli akhiqiza amasosha omzimba, akubona bonke enze lo msebenzi. Ezinye zazo zigcinwa antigen ekukhiqizeni omzimba, uma kunesidingo.

Manje sizoxoxa izinhlobo ezimbili amasosha omzimba:

• ethize;
• nonspecific.

Uhlobo yokugcina Kwenziwa phagocytosis. Kudingeka silwe ngesinyenyela emzimbeni amagciwane alien. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi wabizwa ngokuthi "nonspecific."

Specific uhluke ukuthi lingasinaki antigen. Khona-ke ukuze asize umzimba ukuza kanye namasosha omzimba. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe awakwazi isinyathelo futhi amagciwane, nezilwanyana ezincanyana, nezinye amaseli amaningi ukuthi azisafani ukuthi umzimba.

namasosha omzimba futhi kungabuye oluthathwa kanje:

• iseli (yayo ukuhlinzeka phagocytes);
• humoral (amasosha omzimba atholakala egazini labantu).

Manje phenya udaba kabanzi mayelana nokuthi i-ngokuthi amaseli uyakwazi kokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba. Futhi-ke, ukuchaza inqubo kakhulu ngokubukeka kwabo.

kumiswa omzimba

Ngakho sathi, kanjani ngokuthi amaseli uyakwazi kokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba. Kodwa akazange aliphathe nakancane igama mayelana nendlela zingena egazini.

Cabanga inqubo ukuxhumana phakathi amasosha omzimba futhi antigen. Ucabange ukuthi ithole nomzimba angaphandle (antigen), isib, amagciwane womuntu imvelo yangaphakathi. Igazi kakade i omzimba, uma igciwane ngaphambilini ukungena emzimbeni womuntu. Uma kungenjalo, yakha entsha. Antigen futhi omzimba - Yilokho kanye-ke okuphambene nomqondo Inani. Lezi izinto uvumelane ndawonye like a kakhiye nokhiye. Uma they hlangabeza, baqala ukuhlanganyela. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka kwakwakhe ngasebenzi kakhulu futhi ayinangozi.

Amasosha Omzimba akhiqizwa plasma amaseli ezakhiwe nokubambisana zingxenye ezilandelayo:

• T lymphocyte;
• B-lymphocyte;
• Ama-macrophage.

Kubalulekile ukwazi futhi ukuthi akuwona wonke plasma amaseli uyakwazi kokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba, abanye kubo inkumbulo ukuthi ngokushesha nokuzala omzimba oyifunayo esimweni kokushelela.

amasosha omzimba

Sezwa ngokushushiswa lapho amasosha omzimba achazwayo, futhi kwenzeka kanjani. Manje kafushane mayelana nendlela ukuqashelwa antigen. Ukuzivikela komzimba ezihilela egazi ukuthi zitholakala ku:

• umnkantsha;
• thymus (T cell);
• lymph node (B-lymphocyte).

ingxenye ngayinye abamelwe kudlala indima ethize, okungukuthi, T lymphocyte ukubona amagciwane angaphandle futhi udlulise ulwazi B lymphocyte. Lezi bazabela ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba adingekayo.